Explosives and pyrotechnic propellants for use in long term deep space missions

Explosives and pyrotechnic propellant materials which will withstand heat sterilization cycling at 125 C and ten year deep space aging under 10 to the minus 6th power torr and 66 C have been selected. The selection was accomplished through a detailed literature survey and an analytical evaluation of the physicochemical properties of the materials. The chemical components of the electroexplosive devices used in U.S. missiles and spacecraft were categorized into primary explosives, secondary explosives, and propellant ingredients. Kinetic data on such parameters as thermal decomposition and sublimation were obtained for these materials and used as a basis for the ten year life prediction. From these experimental data and some analytical calculations, a listing of candidate materials for deep space missions was made

Viking '75 spacecraft design and test summary. Volume 3: Engineering test summary

The engineering test program for the lander and the orbiter are presented. The engineering program was developed to achieve confidence that the design was adequate to survive the expected mission environments and to accomplish the mission objective

Sterilizable Liquid Propulsion System, Part 1 Final Report, 5 Oct. 1966 - 31 Mar. 1968

Exposure of assembled and fueled bipropellant liquid propulsion system to ethylene oxid

JPL spacecraft sterilization technology program - A status report

Facility description and procedures for heat and ethylene oxide sterilization of spacecraft instrumentation, components, and material

Microbiological methods for the water recovery systems test, revision 1.1

Current microbiological parameters specified to verify microbiological quality of Space Station Freedom water quality include the enumeration of total bacteria, anaerobes, aerobes, yeasts and molds, enteric bacteria, gram positives, gram negatives, and E. coli. In addition, other parameters have been identified as necessary to support the Water Recovery Test activities to be conducted at the NASA/MSFC later this year. These other parameters include aerotolerant eutrophic mesophiles, legionellae, and an additional method for heterotrophic bacteria. If inter-laboratory data are to be compared to evaluate quality, analytical methods must be eliminated as a variable. Therefore, each participating laboratory must utilize the same analytical methods and procedures. Without this standardization, data can be neither compared nor validated between laboratories. Multiple laboratory participation represents a conservative approach to insure quality and completeness of data. Invariably, sample loss will occur in transport and analyses. Natural variance is a reality on any test of this magnitude and is further enhanced because biological entities, capable of growth and death, are specific parameters of interest. The large variation due to the participation of human test subjects has been noted with previous testing. The resultant data might be dismissed as 'out of control' unless intra-laboratory control is included as part of the method or if participating laboratories are not available for verification. The purpose of this document is to provide standardized laboratory procedures for the enumeration of certain microorganisms in water and wastewater specific to the water recovery systems test. The document consists of ten separate cultural methods and one direct count procedure. It is not intended nor is it implied to be a complete microbiological methods manual

Commissioning and equipment assessment of a semi-industrial bioreactor

Tasks regarding the commission and equipment assessment on the fermenter situated in PILOT PLANT Research Center were carried out. The bioreactor consists in a pilotscale fermenter with a capacity of 150L. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams were elaborated, in which a posterior Sterilization Standard Operating Procedure was designed. In such SOP, Steam In Place method was implemented. The sterilization was designed as a batch process, in which the reaction medium is sterilized simultaneously to the fermentation vessel. This way, the use of additional equipment was avoided and the risk of contamination between sterilization and fermentation start was minimized. Optimal saturated vapor temperature was taken as 121ºC. The required holding time for equipment sterilization (spare parts) was determined to be 10 minutes, whereas a holding time of 20 minutes was considered for medium sterilization. Other key factors taken into account for the design of the procedure were condensate removal, air evacuation and post-sterilization integrity, The SOP is still in need of validation. A sealing test revealed the inoperability of the safety device (burst disk). This device was then replaced and tested with success. Gas-liquid mass transfer capacity of the fermenter was assessed, applying the hydrogen peroxide method. A KLa of 25±3.3 h-1was determined when the stirrer run at 450 rpm. However, due to supersaturation effect, this value could be an overestimation of the actual value. Comparison with other typical KLa values for pilot-scale bioreactors led to the conclusion that the aeration capacity of the fermenter is low and might be insufficient for some biochemical processes. A change in the impeller type is proposed in order to address this problem

Toroidal transformers procedure 902.66-01 Final report

Qualification tests of multi-secondary toroidal transformers and open-construction ratio toroidal transformer

Studi Tentang Persepsi, Praktek Dan Sikap Terhadap Sistem HACCP Pada Industri Pakan Dalam Mencapai Kesesuaian Keamanan Pakan

Industry have not yet been implementing the feed safety system including the feed hygiene practices. Therefore,A study of perceptions, practices and attitudes on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) in achieving feedsafety compliance of Indonesian stock-feed production has been conducted. This study was carried out usingframe works of study as follows, i.e. Module I, Assessment on existing conditions using methods of survey,observe, interview, plant visit and distribute a questionnaire to medium and large feed industries at 6 provinces,i.e Lampung, Banten, West Java, Center of Java, East Java and South Sulawesi with the number of samples forrespondents about 20 feed industries; They were also asked about the feed hygiene practices in their business,their systems used such as HACCP, and the perceptions and attitudes toward a range of feed hygiene issues;Module II, Identification of potential critical control points; Module III, Evaluation of HACCP programs. Theanalysis was conducted using descriptive analysis method that developed by Hair et al. and to test the differenceusing one-way statistical analysis of variance. The results showed that the HACCP systems were implemented at95% in the large feed industries and 65% in the medium feed industry, respectively (P< 0.005); 30% medium and15% of large feed industry managers stated that their business represented a low-risk to feed safety. Higherlevels of feed hygiene qualifications among the industry managers and higher perceptions among managers ofthe risk of feed safety of the business were also significantly related to use HACCP in sectors (P<0.05). Sixpotential hazards were identified along the process to be controlled as critical control points (CCPs). Total cost forimplementing the system was around 1 billion and 400 millions rupiahs; while the time needed since designing upto fully operating the system with audit results fulfill the prerequisite programs and HACCP requirement was about7 months

Electrochemistry of system - Heat sterilizable impact resistant cell development Final report, 30 Sep. 1967 - 31 Mar. 1970

Impact resistant and heat sterilizable silver-zinc batteries for spacecraft power supplie