44 research outputs found
AI and IoT Meet Mobile Machines: Towards a Smart Working Site
Infrastructure construction is society's cornerstone and economics' catalyst. Therefore, improving mobile machinery's efficiency and reducing their cost of use have enormous economic benefits in the vast and growing construction market. In this thesis, I envision a novel concept smart working site to increase productivity through fleet management from multiple aspects and with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT)
Natural and Technological Hazards in Urban Areas
Natural hazard events and technological accidents are separate causes of environmental impacts. Natural hazards are physical phenomena active in geological times, whereas technological hazards result from actions or facilities created by humans. In our time, combined natural and man-made hazards have been induced. Overpopulation and urban development in areas prone to natural hazards increase the impact of natural disasters worldwide. Additionally, urban areas are frequently characterized by intense industrial activity and rapid, poorly planned growth that threatens the environment and degrades the quality of life. Therefore, proper urban planning is crucial to minimize fatalities and reduce the environmental and economic impacts that accompany both natural and technological hazardous events
Technology 2003: The Fourth National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, volume 2
Proceedings from symposia of the Technology 2003 Conference and Exposition, Dec. 7-9, 1993, Anaheim, CA, are presented. Volume 2 features papers on artificial intelligence, CAD&E, computer hardware, computer software, information management, photonics, robotics, test and measurement, video and imaging, and virtual reality/simulation
The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, volume 1
These papers comprise a peer-review selection of presentations by authors from NASA, LPI industry, and academia at the Second Conference (April 1988) on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, sponsored by the NASA Office of Exploration and the Lunar Planetary Institute. These papers go into more technical depth than did those published from the first NASA-sponsored symposium on the topic, held in 1984. Session topics covered by this volume include (1) design and operation of transportation systems to, in orbit around, and on the Moon, (2) lunar base site selection, (3) design, architecture, construction, and operation of lunar bases and human habitats, and (4) lunar-based scientific research and experimentation in astronomy, exobiology, and lunar geology
Comunicações confiáveis sem-fios para redes veiculares
Vehicular communications are a promising field of research, with numerous
potential services that can enhance traffic experience. Road safety is the
most important objective behind the development of wireless vehicular networks,
since many of the current accidents and fatalities could be avoided if
vehicles had the ability to share information among them, with the road-side
infrastructure and other road users.
A future with safe, efficient and comfortable road transportation systems is envisaged
by the different traffic stakeholders - users, manufacturers, road operators
and public authorities. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems
(ITS) applications will contribute to achieve this goal, as well as other technological
progress, such as automated driving or improved road infrastructure
based on advanced sensoring and the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm.
Despite these significant benefits, the design of vehicular communications
systems poses difficult challenges, mainly due to the very dynamic environments
in which they operate. In order to attain the safety-critical requirements
involved in this type of scenarios, careful planning is necessary, so that a trustworthy
behaviour of the system can be achieved. Dependability and real-time
systems concepts provide essential tools to handle this challenging task of
enabling determinism and fault-tolerance in vehicular networks.
This thesis aims to address some of these issues by proposing architectures
and implementing mechanisms that improve the dependability levels of realtime
vehicular communications. The developed strategies always try to preserve
the required system’s flexibity, a fundamental property in such unpredictable
scenarios, where unexpected events may occur and force the system
to quickly adapt to the new circumnstances.The core contribution of this thesis focuses on the design of a fault-tolerant architecture
for infrastructure-based vehicular networks. It encompasses a set
of mechanisms that allow error detection and fault-tolerant behaviour both in
the mobile and static nodes of the network. Road-side infrastructure plays
a key role in this context, since it provides the support for coordinating all
communications taking place in the wireless medium. Furthermore, it is also
responsible for admission control policies and exchanging information with the
backbone network. The proposed methods rely on a deterministic medium
access control (MAC) protocol that provides real-time guarantees in wireless
channel access, ensuring that communications take place before a given deadline.
However, the presented solutions are generic and can be easily adapted
to other protocols and wireless technologies.
Interference mitigation techniques, mechanisms to enforce fail-silent behaviour
and redundancy schemes are introduced in this work, so that vehicular
communications systems may present higher dependability levels. In addition
to this, all of these methods are included in the design of vehicular network
components, guaranteeing that the real-time constraints are still fulfilled.
In conclusion, wireless vehicular networks hold the potential to drastically improve
road safety. However, these systems should present dependable behaviour
in order to reliably prevent the occurrence of catastrophic events under
all possible traffic scenarios.As comunicações veiculares são uma área de investigação bastante promissora,
com inúmeros potenciais serviços que podem melhorar a experiência
vivida no tráfego. A segurança rodoviária é o objectivo mais importante por
detrás do desenvolvimento das redes veiculares sem-fios, visto que muitos
dos atuais acidentes e vÃtimas mortais poderiam ser evitados caso os veÃculos
tivessem a capacidade de trocar informação entre eles, com a infraestrutura
rodoviária e outros utilizadores da estrada.
Um futuro com sistemas de transporte rodoviário seguros, eficientes e confortáveis
é algo ambicionado pelas diferentes partes envolvidas - utilizadores, fabricantes,
operadores da infraestrutura e autoridades públicas. As aplicações
de Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS) cooperativas vão contribuir para
alcançar este propósito, em conjunto com outros avanços tecnológicos, nomeadamente
a condução autónoma ou uma melhor infraestrutura rodoviária
baseada em sensorização avançada e no paradigma da Internet das Coisas
(IoT).
Apesar destes benefÃcios significativos, o desenho de sistemas de comunicações
veiculares coloca desafios difÃceis, em grande parte devido aos ambientes
extremamente dinâmicos em que estes operam. De modo a atingir
os requisitos de segurança crÃtica envolvidos neste tipo de cenários, é necessário
um cuidadoso planeamento por forma a que o sistema apresente um
comportamento confiável. Conceitos de dependabilidade e de sistemas de
tempo-real constituem ferramentas essenciais para lidar com esta desafiante
tarefa de dotar as redes veiculares de determinismo e tolerância a faltas.
Esta tese pretende endereçar alguns destes problemas através da proposta
de arquitecturas e da implementação de mecanismos que melhorem os nÃveis
da dependabilidade das comunicações veiculares de tempo-real. As estratégias
desenvolvidas tentam sempre preservar a necessária flexibilidade do
sistema, uma propriedade fundamental em cenários tão imprevisÃveis, onde
eventos inesperados podem ocorrer e forçar o sistema a adaptar-se rapidamente
às novas circunstâncias.A contribuição principal desta tese foca-se no desenho de uma arquitectura
tolerante a faltas para redes veiculares com suporte da infraestrutura de beira
de estrada. Esta arquitectura engloba um conjunto de mecanismos que permite
detecção de erros e comportamento tolerante a faltas, tanto nos nós móveis
como nos nós estáticos da rede. A infraestrutura de beira de estrada desempenha
um papel fundamental neste contexto, pois fornece o suporte que
permite coordenar todas as comunicações que ocorrem no meio sem-fios.
Para além disso, é também responsável pelos mecanismos de controlo de
admissão e pela troca de informação com a rede de transporte. Os métodos
propostos baseiam-se num protocolo determinÃstico de controlo de acesso ao
meio (MAC) que fornece garantias de tempo-real no accesso ao canal semfios,
assegurando que as comunicações ocorrem antes de um determinado
limite temporal. No entanto, as soluções apresentadas são genéricas e podem
ser facilmente adaptadas a outros protocolos e tecnologias sem-fios.
Neste trabalho são introduzidas técnicas de mitigação de interferência, mecanismos
para assegurar comportamento falha-silêncio e esquemas de redundância,
de modo a que os sistemas de comunicações veiculares apresentem
elevados nÃveis de dependabilidade. Além disso, todos estes métodos são incorporados
no desenho dos componentes da rede veicular, guarantindo que
as restrições de tempo-real continuam a ser cumpridas.
Em suma, as redes veiculares sem-fios têm o potential para melhorar drasticamente
a segurança rodoviária. Contudo, estes sistemas precisam de apresentar
um comportamento confiável, de forma a prevenir a ocorrência de
eventos catastróficos em todos os cenários de tráfego possÃveis.Programa Doutoral em Telecomunicaçõe
Urban Informatics
This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity
Urban Informatics
This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity