Simulación de una política de inventario basada en la metodología Demand Driven MRP desde un enfoque de redes de Petri

Context: Currently, companies are facing a problem associated with inventory control since there is a high number of references that they must manage to reduce lost sales and minimize low-turnover inventory. Method: Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP) is an innovative inventory control strategy that incorporates elements of Lean systems and theory of constraints which lead to the introduction of dynamic buffers with the purpose of controlling inventory levels while responding to the demand. Petri nets are used to simulate and validate the application of the DDMRP methodology in a finished product inventory. Results: From the conducted simulation, it is possible to verify the effectiveness of the DDMRP methodology for the case under study, where the overstock is reduced while the possibility of out-of-stock is minimized. Conclusions: The simulation of the DDMRP methodology through Petri nets allowed evaluating the performance of the policy before its implementation with the purpose of validating the effectiveness of the strategy on company performance indicators such as the level of service and costs storage.Contexto: En la actualidad, las compañías se enfrentan a una problemática asociada al control del inventario debido a que existe un alto número de referencias que se deben administrar con el objetivo de reducir las ventas perdidas y disminuir el inventario de baja rotación. Método: Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP) es una estrategia de control de inventarios innovadora que incorpora elementos de sistemas Lean y teoría de restricciones que llevan a introducir buffers dinámicos con el objetivo de controlar los niveles de inventario al tiempo que se responde a la demanda. Las redes de Petri se utilizan para simular y validar la aplicación de la metodología DDMRP en un inventario de producto terminado. Resultados: A partir de la simulación realizada, se logra comprobar la efectividad de la metodología DDMRP para el caso de estudio, en el que se reduce el sobrestock de inventario al mismo tiempo que se minimiza la posibilidad de agotados. Conclusiones: La simulación de la metodología DDMRP a través de redes de Petri permitió evaluar el funcionamiento de la política antes de su implementación, en aras de validar la efectividad de la estrategia sobre indicadores de desempeño de la compañía como el nivel de servicio y los costos de almacenamiento

Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning

The present book contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of artificial intelligence and its subfields. These topics include, among others, deep learning and classic machine learning algorithms, neural modelling, architectures and learning algorithms, biologically inspired optimization algorithms, algorithms for autonomous driving, probabilistic models and Bayesian reasoning, intelligent agents and multiagent systems. We hope that the scientific results presented in this book will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration for anyone willing to pursue research in artificial intelligence, machine learning and their widespread applications

Generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature and applications

A simple numerical method for constructing the optimal generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas will be presented. These formulas exist in many cases in which real positive GaussKronrod formulas do not exist, and can be used as an adequate alternative in order to estimate the error of a Gaussian rule. We also investigate the conditions under which the optimal averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas and their truncated variants are internal

MS FT-2-2 7 Orthogonal polynomials and quadrature: Theory, computation, and applications

Quadrature rules find many applications in science and engineering. Their analysis is a classical area of applied mathematics and continues to attract considerable attention. This seminar brings together speakers with expertise in a large variety of quadrature rules. It is the aim of the seminar to provide an overview of recent developments in the analysis of quadrature rules. The computation of error estimates and novel applications also are described

XVII Simposio CEA de Control Inteligente: Reunión anual del grupo de Control Inteligente del comité español de automática (CEA). Libro de Actas, León, 27-29 de junio de 2022

Al igual que en las ediciones anteriores, el XVII Simposio CEA de Control Inteligente ha tratado de mantener los objetivos propuestos por el Grupo Temático de CEA y desarrollar unas jornadas de convivencia en las que se han desarrollado actividades científicas de investigación, de formación de doctores, de relaciones con la industria y, por supuesto, actividades culturales y de relaciones sociales de todos los miembros que formamos esta comunidad científica. Este año, el lugar elegido para la celebración del Simposio ha sido la ciudad de León y le ha correspondido la organización del mismo al Grupo de Investigación SUPPRESS de la Universidad de León, dirigido por el profesor Manuel Domínguez. Con más de 90 asistentes en algunas de las actividades del Simposio, hemos conseguido batir récords de asistencia y generar un ambiente más que propicio para desarrollar distintas discusiones científicas de gran calado. Esto demuestra el interés que suscita nuestra disciplina en estos tiempos. Durante los últimos años el control inteligente está demostrando ser una herramienta esencial para contribuir a solucionar los grandes retos que se nos van a plantear en el futuro. Pero, hasta la fecha no habíamos experimentado, tan de primera mano, los efectos derivados del cambio climático, la falta de recursos energéticos y de materias primas, las pandemias, la falta de recursos hídricos, la ciberseguridad o los incendios. Por ello, más que nunca se antoja necesario reflexionar, reforzar nuestros vínculos o crear nuevas sinergias para contribuir y poner nuestro valioso conocimiento a disposición de nuestra sociedad. En este sentido nossentimos orgullosos de presentar las contribuciones tan valiosas que recoge este documento. Estas han superado todas nuestras expectativas, lo que da muestras del sentido de responsabilidad que tiene el Grupo Temático CEA de Control Inteligente con su tiemp

The Capitalist Economy and its Prosthetics: Necessity, Evolution and Dilemmas of a Brotherhood

Notwithstanding its ruthless dynamics, the capitalist economy has the flaw of deficient employment-generating spending. This leads to unemployment of non-owners, individual suffering, social unrest and it undermines military strength. To deal with these issues, states use prosthetic policies, artificial transfers to the productive economy and to non-owners. But the funding of such prosthetic policies - through violent wealth appropriation abroad, protectionism, war, domestic expropriation and taxation, debt and money creation - is caught in dilemmas, while politicians are caught between non-solutions. According to Gerhard H. Wächter, the history of capitalist society is largely the history of this dilemmatic brotherhood

African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation

This open access book discusses current thinking and presents the main issues and challenges associated with climate change in Africa. It introduces evidences from studies and projects which show how climate change adaptation is being - and may continue to be successfully implemented in African countries. Thanks to its scope and wide range of themes surrounding climate change, the ambition is that this book will be a lead publication on the topic, which may be regularly updated and hence capture further works. Climate change is a major global challenge. However, some geographical regions are more severly affected than others. One of these regions is the African continent. Due to a combination of unfavourable socio-economic and meteorological conditions, African countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. The recently released IPCC special report "Global Warming of 1.5º C" outlines the fact that keeping global warming by the level of 1.5º C is possible, but also suggested that an increase by 2º C could lead to crises with crops (agriculture fed by rain could drop by 50% in some African countries by 2020) and livestock production, could damage water supplies and pose an additonal threat to coastal areas. The 5th Assessment Report produced by IPCC predicts that wheat may disappear from Africa by 2080, and that maize— a staple—will fall significantly in southern Africa. Also, arid and semi-arid lands are likely to increase by up to 8%, with severe ramifications for livelihoods, poverty eradication and meeting the SDGs. Pursuing appropriate adaptation strategies is thus vital, in order to address the current and future challenges posed by a changing climate. It is against this background that the "African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation" is being published. It contains papers prepared by scholars, representatives from social movements, practitioners and members of governmental agencies, undertaking research and/or executing climate change projects in Africa, and working with communities across the African continent. Encompassing over 100 contribtions from across Africa, it is the most comprehensive publication on climate change adaptation in Africa ever produced

Triple Helix as a Strategic Tool to Fast-Track Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Kenya: Case Study of Marsabit County

AbstractThe lack of affordable, clean, and reliable energy in Africa's rural areas forces people to resort to poor quality energy source, which is detrimental to the people's health and prevents the economic development of communities. Moreover, access to safe water and food security are concerns closely linked to health issues and children malnourishment. Recent climate change due to global warming has worsened the already critical situation.Electricity is well known to be an enabler of development as it allows the use of modern devices thus enabling the development of not only income-generating activities but also water pumping and food processing and conservation that can promote socioeconomic growth. However, all of this is difficult to achieve due to the lack of investors, local skills, awareness by the community, and often also government regulations.All the above mentioned barriers to the uptake of electricity in rural Kenya could be solved by the coordinated effort of government, private sector, and academia, also referred to as Triple Helix, in which each entity may partially take the other's role. This chapter discretizes the above and shows how a specific county (Marsabit) has benefited from this triple intervention. Existing government policies and actions and programs led by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies are reviewed, highlighting the current interconnection and gaps in promoting integrated actions toward climate change adaptation and energy access

Plants and Plant Products in Local Markets Within Benin City and Environs

AbstractThe vulnerability of agriculture systems in Africa to climate change is directly and indirectly affecting the availability and diversity of plants and plant products available in local markets. In this chapter, markets in Benin City and environs were assessed to document the availability of plants and plant products. Markets were grouped into urban, suburban, and rural with each group having four markets. Majority of the plant and plant product vendors were women and 88 plant species belonging to 42 families were found. Their scientific and common names were documented as well as the parts of the plant and associated products available in the markets. Most of the plant and plant products found in local markets belong to major plant families. Urban markets had the highest diversity of plants and plant products. Three categories of plants and plant products were documented. Around 67% of the plants and plant products were categorized as whole plant/plant parts, 28% as processed plant parts, while 5% as reprocessed plant/plant parts. It was revealed that 86% of these plants are used as foods, 11% are for medicinal purposes, while 3% is used for other purposes. About 35% of plants and plant products across the markets were fruits, which is an indication that city and environs are a rich source of fruits. The local knowledge and practices associated with the plants and plant products can contribute towards formulating a strategic response for climate change impacts on agriculture, gender, poverty, food security, and plant diversity