51,529 research outputs found
Reciprocity towards groups
People exhibit group reciprocity when they retaliate, not against a person who harmed them, but against another person in that person's group. We tested for
group reciprocity in laboratory experiments. Subjects played a Prisoner's Dilemma with partners from different groups. They then allocated money between themselves and other participants. In punishment games, subjects
whose partner had defected punished participants from the partner's group more, compared to their punishment of participants from a third group. In dictator-style games, subjects did not exhibit group reciprocity. We examine
possible correlates of group reciprocity, including group identification and cooperativeness
Non-Markovian Quantum Optics with Three-Dimensional State-Dependent Optical Lattices
Quantum emitters coupled to structured photonic reservoirs experience
unconventional individual and collective dynamics emerging from the interplay
between dimensionality and non-trivial photon energy dispersions. In this work,
we systematically study several paradigmatic three dimensional structured baths
with qualitative differences in their bath spectral density. We discover
non-Markovian individual and collective effects absent in simplified
descriptions, such as perfect subradiant states or long-range anisotropic
interactions. Furthermore, we show how to implement these models using only
cold atoms in state-dependent optical lattices and show how this unconventional
dynamics can be observed with these systems.Comment: 39 pages, 17 figures. Accepted versio
Active Particle Condensation by Nonreciprocal and Time-delayed Interactions
We consider flocking of self-propelling agents in two dimensions, each of
which communicates with its neighbors within a limited vision cone. Also, the
communication occurs with some delay. The communication among the agents are
modeled by Vicsek rules. In this study we explore the effect of non-reciprocal
interaction among the agents, induced by their vision cone, together with the
delayed interactions on the dynamical pattern formation within the flock. We
find that under these two influences and without any position based attractive
interactions or confining boundaries, the agents can spontaneously condense
into drops. Though the agents are in motion within the drop, the drop as whole
is virtually pinned in space. We also find that this novel state of the flock
has a well defined order stabilized by the noise present in the system.Comment: Accepted In EPJ
The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism – Experimental Evidence and New Theories
This paper surveys recent experimental and field evidence on the impact of concerns for fairness, reciprocity and altruism on economic decision making. It also reviews some new theoretical attempts to model the observed behavior.Behavioural Economics; Other-regarding Preferences; Fairness; Reciprocity; Altruism; Experiments; Incentives; Contracts; Competition
The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism – Experimental Evidence and New Theories
Chapter written for the Handbook of Reciprocity, Gift-Giving and AltruismBehavioural Economics; Other-regarding Preferences; Fairness; Reciprocity; Altruism; Experiments; Incentives; Contracts; Competition
Psychological Foundations of Incentives
During the last two decades economists have made much progress in understanding incentives, contracts and organisations. Yet, they constrained their attention to a very narrow and empirically questionable view of human motivation. The purpose of this paper is to show that this narrow view of human motivation may severely limit understanding the determinants and effects of incentives. Economists may fail to understand the levels and the changes in behaviour if they neglect motives like the desire to reciprocate or the desire to avoid social disapproval. We show that monetary incentives may backfire and reduce the performance of agents or their compliance with rules. In addition, these motives may generate very powerful incentives themselves.incentives, contracts, reciprocity, social approval, social norms, intrinsic motivation.
Psychological Foundations of Incentives
Psychological Foundations, Incentives
Rational design and dynamics of self-propelled colloidal bead chains: from rotators to flagella
The quest for designing new self-propelled colloids is fuelled by the demand
for simple experimental models to study the collective behaviour of their more
complex natural counterparts. Most synthetic self-propelled particles move by
converting the input energy into translational motion. In this work we address
the question if simple self-propelled spheres can assemble into more complex
structures that exhibit rotational motion, possibly coupled with translational
motion as in flagella. We exploit a combination of induced dipolar interactions
and a bonding step to create permanent linear bead chains, composed of
self-propelled Janus spheres, with a well-controlled internal structure. Next,
we study how flexibility between individual swimmers in a chain can affect its
swimming behaviour. Permanent rigid chains showed only active rotational or
spinning motion, whereas longer semi-flexible chains showed both translational
and rotational motion resembling flagella like-motion, in the presence of the
fuel. Moreover, we are able to reproduce our experimental results using
numerical calculations with a minimal model, which includes full hydrodynamic
interactions with the fluid. Our method is general and opens a new way to
design novel self-propelled colloids with complex swimming behaviours, using
different complex starting building blocks in combination with the flexibility
between them.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure
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