Health care system in the Republic of Macedonia – current situation and development perspectives

Health care in Macedonia is provided through an extensive net of health care organizations. After the independence, the need for central resource management led to the transformation of disjointed system of municipally-funded health services to a social insurance-funded model with central coordination and planning. The health sector management project supported by the World Bank addressed different reforms targeting health financing and management, primary and preventive health care and drugs policy and procurement. A lesson to be learned from the previous experience in the country is that increased competencies on national and local level have to go hand-in-hand with planning and setting standards, as well as coordination capacities.health care system, development, strategy, health care policy, planning

Biodiversity Research for Sustainable Development: Can It Be Achieved?

Biodiversity is said to be the "heart of sustainable agricultural systems". Biodiversity research is envisioned to provide a better understanding of development issues so that better policy responses, management practices and actions will ultimately redound to a better quality of life for all, especially the poor. It is in this light that the Philippines-Netherlands Biodiversity Research Programme for Development is revisited and analyzed in this paper. This and other similar projects provide lessons for capacity development at the community, national, regional and international levels. To proceed with its analysis, the paper fleshes out the framework of sustainable development, situating the role of biodiversity in determining the pathway of development. As shown, biodiversity, as an element of the natural resource base, and in concert with technology and sociocultural factors, will continue to be relevant in a rapidly changing and increasingly globalized world. It also presents the sustainable livelihood framework to illustrate that biodiversity alone, being only one component of natural capital, cannot alleviate poverty if nothing is done with the other capital assets. One important lesson gleaned from the analysis of biodiversity research is that not all biodiversity is good. The key is to better understand the interactions between various levels and how these can be harnessed into positive interactions to produce a productive, stable and sustainable resource base. Another emerging lesson is that biodiversity can be conserved in agroecosystems if the poor resource users can be enabled to use it to improve their assets in the context of the sustainable livelihood framework. The effective management and conservation of agricultural biodiversity can be achieved through product value addition and link to market, germplasm enhancement, and participatory plant breeding, among others.biodiversity, sustainable development, agroecosystems

Using Seafood Traceability to Teach the Complexities of Natural Resource Management and Sustainability

This lesson plan addresses the challenge of conveying to students the globalized nature and complexity of natural resource management. Specifically, it uses seafood traceability, or the ability to track seafood as it moves through the global seafood supply chain, as a theme for understanding the potential for science and technological innovations to enable traceability as well as the different roles that various stakeholders play in ensuring fisheries sustainability. The lesson plan conveys several themes related to environmental sustainability including: the role of consumer empowerment, the importance of data and information sharing, the need to coordinate multiple stakeholders, and the intersection of science, technology, and policy- making. In one classroom activity, students are guided through a small-group, active-learning exercise that challenges them to make sustainable seafood choices from a restaurant menu. In another activity, students are asked to role-play and consider the information needs of various stakeholders in the seafood supply chain. Overall, the lesson plan is designed to demonstrate that there is no one single solution to realize seafood traceability and ensure fisheries sustainability. Instead, fisheries and natural resource management require multifaceted solutions and the involvement of multiple sectors of society

Heterogeneity

This entry discusses heterogeneity in the context of ecological landscapes and how the heterogeneity impacts the resilience of the system. Heterogeneity is closely linked to the scale of measurement, both spatially and temporally. We will walk through a simple example that highlights how the scale of observation can impact the heterogeneity of the system. The differences between functional and measured heterogeneity will also be explained. Finally, heterogeneity will be discussed in the context of its utility to management and how it can be used to understand the resilience of agro-ecosystems. Overview - What Will You Learn In This Lesson? This lesson discusses what heterogeneity is and how it relates to understanding and interpreting natural phenomena. Objectives This lesson covers the concept of heterogeneity. At the end of this module you should be able to: Define heterogeneity in the context of environmental management Explain the relationship between heterogeneity and ecological resilience Differentiate between functional and measured heterogeneity in ecology Understand the importance and usefulness of heterogeneity in resource management Modules Lesson home Overview and Objectives Introduction - What Is Heterogeneity? Measures of Heterogeneity Heterogeneity in Management - How Does This Concept Impact Real-World Management? Example - Heterogeneity of Zoning in Cities Summary - What Did We Learn? Quiz Questions References and Further Reading Glossar

Drivers for Lesson Planning in Pre-Schools in Kenya (A Case of Allen Grove School, Nairobi)

Achieving quality in lessons depends not only upon the teacher's ability to present material but also to analyze learning outcomes and assess the pedagogical communication. This study was guided by the following specific objectives: to assess determine the benefits of lesson planning; to analyze the factors that influence the effectiveness of lesson planning; and to evaluate the qualities of an effective lesson plan. A descriptive survey was undertaken using a representative sample of 18 pre-school teachers, who represented 67% of the total of 27 teachers of Allen Grove School. The main data collection tools were a questionnaire, interview schedules and disguised observation method. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to aid in analysis. Findings of the study indicate that the following were listed as the benefits derived from lesson planning at Allen Grove School:- Giving a sense of direction; Helping students become aware of the lesson objectives and the learning tasks they are asked to perform; classroom management purposes; Helping teachers to solve, in advance, teaching problems; and Reducing anxiety on the part of students and, especially the teacher. The factors that influence the effectiveness of lesson planning in Allen Grove School were listed as follows:- Relevant expertise; Participatory planning; Adequate time allocation; Whole package of programmes; Team work; Learners’ learning experience; Flexibility and linkage between lesson plans and schemes of work; Focus on learning and teaching; Resource allocation; and Institutionalized Quality assurance systems. An effective lesson plan is characterized by the following:- having clear objectives; Pre-assessment of the lesson plan; available list of required  materials; Warm-up and introduction; Presentation; Learning Activities; adequate practice (Applying What Is Learned); Evaluation; Closure; and reflection. Keywords: Lesson Planning, Pre-school

Research on the Market Access System of Renewable Resource Management in China

As an independent module of the countries’ economic development, the renewable resource industry is a part of circular economic development. It is the key element for national economic development and environmental protection. Anyone who wants to regulate the whole renewable resources industry development orderly cannot be separated from the strong supervision and management measures. However, the planning of the management measures is based on a series of standardized system design. This thesis focuses on the market access system of renewable resources management as a starting point, first of all, understand and learn the world most advanced countries’ (Japan, Germany, Singapore) renewable resources market access system design, then according to the objective conditions of China, we draw a lesson from the experience of developed countries and construct a new series of market access system for China’ renewable resource industry, which include renewable resources list announcement system, enterprise technical standard system, extended producer responsibility system and so on, all of these are designed to provide reference management standards for the regeneration resources industry development in China

Manajemen Pendidikan Inklusif Di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

  ABSTRACT : The purpose of this study was to describe the management of inclusive education in SMPN 4 Sidoarjo which includes: management of learners, currculum management, learning process management, management of educators and management of facilities. This qualitative research using descriptive qualitative. In conclusion, the management of inclusive education in SMPN 4 Sidoarjo includes, 1) student management begins with the existence of new student acceptance planning through activity analysis of requirement of earners. Implementation of acceptance of students with special needs through the inclusion path that is carried out by referring to the mechanism and registration requirements contained in the guidelines for the implementation of student enrollments Sidoarjo. 2) curriculum management related to the development of using curriculum 2013 modified in accordance with the ability and condition of learners. 3) management of learning process in inclusive class begins with learning plan that is analysing the cometence based, indicators, lesson plan by modifying the concepts. Stucturally the learning exercises are implemented as stated in the lesson plan by modifying the concepts and evaluation for students with special needs include 3 aspect of evaluation that is, attitude, knowledge and skills to the ability of learners. 4) management of educators associated with the planning of spesialized educators begins with a record of the needs of teachers for students with special needs. Then the school held a recruitment and selection teacher assistant. 5) management of facilities negins with analysis needs of facilities needed by buyying. In general the availability of facilities in inclusive school is sufficient with the resource center, therapy room, special learning media and learning aids.   Keywords: Management, Inclusive Education

The Dynamics of Organic Farming Institution Towards Sustainable Development

The development of organic agriculture is significant both at local, national, regional, and global in the last two decades and organic farming has matured enough to offer lesson. In the process, these developments characterized by a variety of internal and external conflicts such as conflict of interest, the data conflicts, resource conflicts, and structural conflicts. Products from various conflicts between the actors who are related, ultimately forming institutional arrangements. This study aims to explain the mechanisms that made the actors involved in organic farming in managing conflicts by placing community as an important actor. This study uses a constructivist paradigm that seeks to understand the meaning construction management of conflicts of various actors. The study was conducted in three locations namely Tasikmalaya District, West Java, Boyolali, Central Java, and Malang in East Java. Conflict management model that has been built by the institutional organic farming in Tasikmalaya, Boyolali, and Malang a lesson learned for other lowland rice farming locations that could potentially be the location of the development of organic rice. In the development phase, while this institutional organic farming that have been built are encouraged to ensure food security where production is not only oriented to meet export demand, but also meet the needs of organic food at the local and national levels

Lessons learned: structuring knowledge codification and abstraction to provide meaningful information for learning

Purpose – To increase the spread and reuse of lessons learned (LLs), the purpose of this paper is to develop a standardised information structure to facilitate concise capture of the critical elements needed to engage secondary learners and help them apply lessons to their contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Three workshops with industry practitioners, an analysis of over 60 actual lessons from private and public sector organisations and seven practitioner interviews provided evidence of actual practice. Design science was used to develop a repeatable/consistent information model of LL content/structure. Workshop analysis and theory provided the coding template. Situation theory and normative analysis were used to define the knowledge and rule logic to standardise fields. Findings – Comparing evidence from practice against theoretical prescriptions in the literature highlighted important enhancements to the standard LL model. These were a consistent/concise rule and context structure, appropriate emotional language, reuse and control criteria to ensure lessons were transferrable and reusable in new situations. Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on a limited sample. Long-term benefits of standardisation and use need further research. A larger sample/longitudinal usage study is planned. Practical implications – The implementation of the LL structure was well-received in one government user site and other industry user sites are pending. Practitioners validated the design logic for improving capture and reuse of lessons to render themeasily translatable to a new learner’s context. Originality/value – The new LL structure is uniquely grounded in user needs, developed from existing best practice and is an original application of normative and situation theory to provide consistent rule logic for context/content structure