An Evaluation of Radar Metaphors for Providing Directional Stimuli Using Non-Verbal Sound

We compared four audio-based radar metaphors for providing directional stimuli to users of AR headsets. The metaphors are clock face, compass, white noise, and scale. Each metaphor, or method, signals the movement of a virtual arm in a radar sweep. In a user study, statistically significant differences were observed for accuracy and response time. Beat-based methods (clock face, compass) elicited responses biased to the left of the stimulus location, and non-beat-based methods (white noise, scale) produced responses biased to the right of the stimulus location. The beat methods were more accurate than the non-beat methods. However, the non-beat methods elicited quicker responses. We also discuss how response accuracy varies along the radar sweep between methods. These observations contribute design insights for non-verbal, nonvisual directional prompting

A haptic ATM interface to assist visually impaired users

This paper outlines the design and evaluation of a haptic interface intended to convey non audio-visual directions to an ATM (Automated Teller Machine) user. The haptic user interface is incorporated into an ATM test apparatus on the keypad. The system adopts a well known 'clock face' metaphor and is designed to provide haptic prompts to the user in the form of directions to the current active device, e.g. card reader or cash dispenser. Results of an evaluation of the device are reported that indicate that users with varying levels of visual impairment are able to appropriately detect, distinguish and act on the prompts given to them by the haptic keypad. As well as reporting on how participants performed in the evaluation we also report the results of a semi structured interview designed to find out how acceptable participants found the technology for use on a cash machine. As a further contribution the paper also presents observations on how participants place their hands on the haptic device and compare this with their performance

A haptic ATM interface to assist visually impaired users

This paper outlines the design and evaluation of a haptic interface intended to convey non audio-visual directions to an ATM (Automated Teller Machine) user. The haptic user interface is incorporated into an ATM test apparatus on the keypad. The system adopts a well known 'clock face' metaphor and is designed to provide haptic prompts to the user in the form of directions to the current active device, e.g. card reader or cash dispenser. Results of an evaluation of the device are reported that indicate that users with varying levels of visual impairment are able to appropriately detect, distinguish and act on the prompts given to them by the haptic keypad. As well as reporting on how participants performed in the evaluation we also report the results of a semi structured interview designed to find out how acceptable participants found the technology for use on a cash machine. As a further contribution the paper also presents observations on how participants place their hands on the haptic device and compare this with their performance

Designing Haptic Clues for Touchscreen Kiosks

Most interactive touchscreen kiosks are a challenge to accessibility: if graphics and sound fail in communication, the interaction process halts. In such a case, turning to the only remaining environmentally suited sense - the touch - is an intuitive option. To reinforce the interaction with interactive touchscreen kiosks it is possible to add haptic (touchable) feedback into the features of the device. The range of touchscreen-suited haptic technologies already enables some touch feedback from touchscreen surfaces and significant leaps still forward are being made at a constant rate. Due to this development it is relevant to review the human-centred factors affecting the design of haptic touchscreen in public kiosks. This thesis offers an overview for designing haptic clues for touchscreen kiosks. It emphasizes context sensitivity and the meaningfulness and communicability of different haptic design variants. As the main contribution, this thesis collects together the important considerations for the conscious design of haptic features in interactive kiosks and offers points of multimodal design considerations for designers intending to enrich their touchscreen interaction with haptic features