A Natural Formalization of the Mutilated Checkerboard Problem in Naproche

Naproche is an emerging natural proof assistant that accepts input in a controlled natural language for mathematics, which we have integrated with LaTeX for ease of learning and to quickly produce high-quality typeset documents. We present a self-contained formalization of the Mutilated Checkerboard Problem in Naproche, following a proof sketch by John McCarthy. The formalization is embedded in detailed literate style comments. We also briefly describe the Naproche approach

Segregation by choice? The debate so far

This paper offers an extensive review and bibliography of the literature on school choice, and its effects on social and ethnic segregation between English schools. It finds that the evidence concerning whether “school choice” legislation has acted to increase or decrease the socio-ethnic mix within schools is open to multiple interpretations, affected by how segregation is conceptualised and measured. Difficulties in reaching definite conclusions are compounded by the changing economic and demographic landscapes that confound attempts to show whether policies of school choice cause or reduce segregation. By the author’s judgement the policies have reinforced geographies of social segregation and of ethnic polarization in some places. However, this is not a failure of the principle of choice necessarily. Rather, it is a function of the constraints placed on that choice and an implicit if less spoken recognition of the value of local schooling.Schools, choice, social segregation, ethnic segregation, segregation indices, education policy

The teacher as action researcher : Using technology to capture pedagogic form

The paper argues that we make best use of learning technologies if we begin with an understanding of educational problems, and use this analysis to target the solutions we should be demanding from technology. The focus is to address the issue from the perspective of teachers and lecturers – the 'teaching community', and to consider how they could become the experimental innovators and reflective practitioners who will use technology well. Teachers could become 'action researchers', collaborating to produce their own development of knowledge about teaching with technology. For this to be possible, they must be able to share that knowledge, and the paper proposes the use of an online learning activity management system (LAMS) as a way of capturing and sharing the pedagogic forms teachers design. An action research approach, like all research, needs a theoretical framework from which to challenge practice, and paper shows how teachers could use the Conversational Framework to design and test an optimally effective learning experience. Examples of 'generic' learning designs illustrate how such approach can help the teaching community rethink their teaching, collectively, and embrace the best of conventional and digital methods. In this way they will be more likely to harness technology to the needs of education, rather than simply search for the problems to which the latest technology is a solution

Spartan Daily, May 11, 1960

Volume 47, Issue 125https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/4041/thumbnail.jp

Promoting cohesion, challenging expectations: educating the teachers of tomorrow for race equality and diversity in 21st century schools

Survey evidence suggests that newly qualified teachers tend to feel relatively ill-prepared to engage with pupils of BME (Black and Minority Ethnic) heritage or to respond to potentially challenging issues related to race equality in schools. Of key concern is how the teaching work force - predominantly white, monolingual, female and middle class - can be enabled to be more effective and culturally competent in teaching an increasingly diverse pupil population in terms of ethnicity, culture, language and economics. Preparing teachers to support schools’ role in promoting social cohesion remains of vital relevance in a period of increasing austerity and social change. A research team from the University of Edinburgh and Manchester Metropolitan University interviewed 31 lecturers involved in teacher education in Scotland and England, to find out how they are dealing with race equality issues

NASA Tech Briefs Index, 1977, volume 2, numbers 1-4

Announcements of new technology derived from the research and development activities of NASA are presented. Abstracts, and indexes for subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief number are presented for 1977

Modelling Farm Level Economic Potential for Conversion to Organic Farming

A farm model is developed for simulating the potential income change resulting from conversion to organic farming. The model uses conventional farm data, taken from the Belgian FADN. Given the normative character of the model, and the impossibility of calibration to historical conversion behaviour, two model variants, a rigid and a flexible, are created to broaden the analysis scope. Moreover, extra attention is paid to the verification process and sensitivity analysis. Results reveal that the economic potential for conversion is rather high, if farmers are willing to change their farm management sufficiently. Furthermore, conversion potential depends on the farm type and conventional farm characteristics. The model finally proves to be an interesting tool to analyse policy impact.organic farming, conversion period, farm model, linear programming, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, C61, Q12,

Effect of moisture content and loading orientation on some strength properties relevant in the design of snake gourd (trichosanthescucumerina. l) seed handing device

The knowledge of mechanical properties under applied forces is very important to engineers during the design and handling of agricultural products. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of moisture content and loading orientation on some strength properties of snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina. L) seed. The strength properties measured are compressive extension at yield, compressive strain at yield, compressive load at yield, compressive load at break and energy at yield. These properties were evaluated at five moisture levels (6.3, 8.6, 12, 14, and 17% dry basis) under the three loading orientations (length, width and thickness). The results show that loading orientation has great effect on the compressive properties of the seed. At all moisture content of the seed considered, it was found that the width orientation had the highest compressive extension  (32.5mm) and compressive strain at yield (1.3 mm/mm) while the thickness orientation had the highest measurement for compressive load at yield (73 N)  and  load at break (260 N)  at 6.3 % (db) moisture content.  The energy at yield was found to be highest at the length orientation (1.3 J) and lowest at the width orientation (0.16J) at 6.3 % (db) moisture content. The result of this experiment shows that as the moisture content is increasing the value of the compressive forces decreases. The result of this study will be very useful in the design of the seed washer, cleaner and decorticator

Problem Solving Approach

Problem is something that we can never get rid of, how much we try and howmany anticipatory actions we take. Therefore, to deal with problems in our everyday life, every project implementation is to solve the problem as and when required. In this article we will try and study about problems and the techniques and methods by which we can solve it or mitigate the situation. Again it is worthy to mention as a prelude and also to conclude that problem solving is an individual skill and it therefore varies from person to person and from situation to situation and there exist no thumb rule to redress ay problem as a generalized rule. By the end of this article, we will try and develop certain tools by which we may approach a problematic situation before redressing the problem

Design and performance evaluation of centrifugal cashew nut sheller for improving the whole kernel recovery

Cashew nut centrifugal shelling machine was designed and constructed. Shelling efficiency and whole kernel recovery were evaluated for hot-oil roasted nuts on the machine. The design was based on the principle of the optimum kinetic energy that could break the cashew nut shell. The deformation energy used was 4.8763 J. The angular velocity of the impeller calculatec! from the energy was 376.12 r s·1 which was equal 3592 r min-1• The motor power used was more than 9 17.34 W, the minimum power requirement. The prototype of cashew nut sheller was constructed and evljluated for its shelling efficiency (SE) and whole kernel recovery (WKR) using three levels of moisture content (7.00% w.b., 8.46% w.b. and 9.83% w.b.), three levels ofirnpeller speeds and three grades (large, medium and small) of nut sizes. The results showed that the moisture content had a significant effect (at P<0.05) on the SE and WKR for all the grades of the nut. However, the impeller speed has a significant effect on the whole kernel recovery of medium and small nuts. The predicted optimal values of the WKR and SE for large nut were 65.4% and 96.8% respectively at 3110 r min-1 and 9.06% w.b. For medium nut, they were 51.62% and 93 .24% respectively at 3487 r min-1 and 8.92% w.b. For small nut, they were 37.95% and 92.56% respectively at 3487 r min-1 and 9.83% w.b