A historical review of the development of electronic textiles

Textiles have been at the heart of human technological progress for thousands of years, with textile developments closely tied to key inventions that have shaped societies. The relatively recent invention of electronic textiles is set to push boundaries again and has already opened up the potential for garments relevant to defense, sports, medicine, and health monitoring. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the key innovative pathways in the development of electronic textiles to date using sources available in the public domain regarding electronic textiles (E-textiles); this includes academic literature, commercialized products, and published patents. The literature shows that electronics can be integrated into textiles, where integration is achieved by either attaching the electronics onto the surface of a textile, electronics are added at the textile manufacturing stage, or electronics are incorporated at the yarn stage. Methods of integration can have an influence on the textiles properties such as the drapability of the textile

Comparing current consistency and electrical resistance of wearable photovoltaic cells pre- and post-laundering and pre- and post-corrosion resistance testing conditions.

Photovoltaic(PV) technology is promising due to its natural availability among energy harvesting technologies. There is a growing need for sustainable power sources that can function without being connected to a power source or needing regular battery replacements. Wearable PV cells are gaining popularity in different applications. However, most companies produce wearable PVs for terrestrial applications. Research on wearable PV applications for the marine environment remains limited because these cells suffer from several issues. This research compares commercially sourced wearable PV cells\u27 maximum current consistency and electrical resistance for two testing conditions. The researcher followed standardized methods for these two laundering and corrosion testing conditions. The results revealed that current consistency values decreased over both types\u27 laundering and corrosion testing conditions. However, electrical resistance values showed opposite trends. The findings of this study suggest that wearable PV cells may serve as a reliable source for powering electronic devices in marine environments

Modeling and Analysis of Power Processing Systems

The feasibility of formulating a methodology for the modeling and analysis of aerospace electrical power processing systems is investigated. It is shown that a digital computer may be used in an interactive mode for the design, modeling, analysis, and comparison of power processing systems

THE ADVANTAGES OF MODEL 4807A HIGH RESOLUTION ACCELEROMETER

This paper is aimed to inform the advantages of model 4807A accelerometer as device of measurement base on literature review. The model 4807A accelerometer is produced by Measurement Specialties, Inc. It has many advantages such as hermetically sealed and offers an amplified signal output covering ranges from ± 2 g to ± 200 g, and built-in mechanical overload stops for shock protection to 5,000 g. This model accelerometer can be applied in many fields, such as Vibration Isolation, Flight Testing, Trajectory Profiling, Structural Monitoring, and Researches & Development

Planning and Drought

TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Drought: The Problem.............................................. 1 Water Impacts ............................................................................... 2 Public Health Impacts ......................................................... 4 Environmental Impacts ..................................................... 5 Built Environment Impacts................................................ 6 Secondary Hazards ......................................................... 9 Economic Impacts ................................................................... 10 Drought as a Challenge for Planners .......................................... 13 Chapter 2: Drought: The Knowledge Base ................................................... 15 Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of Drought ................................................................ 16 Drought and Climate Changes .................................................................................. 19 Tracking Drought: Tools and Resources ................................................................... 20 Using the Drought Resources Toolbox...................................................................... 2

An Energy Efficient Power Converter for Zero Power Wearable Devices

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's and epilepsy requires monitoring a subject's development of symptoms through electroencephalography (EEG) signals over long periods. Wearable devices enable convenient monitoring of biosignals, unlike complex and costly hospital equipment. The key to achieving a fit and forgettable wearable device is to increase its operating cycle and decrease its size and weight. Instead of batteries, which limit the life cycle of electronic devices and set their form factor, body heat and environmental light can power wearable devices through energy-scavenging technologies. The harvester transducers should be tailored according to on the application and the sensor placement. This leaves a wide variety of transducers with an extensive range of impedances and voltages. To realize an autonomous wearable device, the power converter energy harvester, has to be very efficient and maintain its efficiency despite potential transducer replacement or variations in environmental conditions. This thesis presents a detailed design of an efficient integrated power converter for use in an autonomous wearable device. The design is based on the examination of both power losses and power transfer in the power converter. The efficiency bound of the converter is derived from the specifications of its transducer. The tuning ranges for the reconfigurable parameters are extracted to keep the converter efficient with variations in the transducer specifications. With the efficient design and the manual tuning of the reconfigurable parameters, the converter can work optimally with different types of transducers, and keeps its efficiency in the conversion of low voltages from the harvesters. Measurements of the designed converter demonstrate an efficiency of higher than 50% and 70% with two different transducers having an open-circuit voltage as low as 20 mV and 100 mV, respectively. The power converter should be able to reconfigure itself without manual tunings to keep its efficiency despite changes in the harvesters' specifications. The second portion of this dissertation addresses this issue with a proposed design methodology to implement a control section. The control section adjusts the converter's reconfigurable parameters by examining the power transfer and loss and through concurrent closed loops. The concurrent loops working together raise a serious concern regarding stability. The system is designed and analyzed in the time domain with the state-space averaging (SSA) model to address the stability issue. The ultra-low-power control section obtained from the SSA model estimates the power and loss with a reasonable accuracy, and adjusts the timings in a stable manner. The entire control section consumes only 30 nW dynamic power at 10 kHz. The control section tunes the converter's speed or its working frequency depending on the available power. The frequency clocks the entire architecture, which is designed asynchronously; therefore, the power consumption of the system depends on the power available from the transducer. The system is implemented using 0.18 µm CMOS technology. For an input as low as 7 mV, the converter is not only functional but also has an efficiency of more than 40%. The efficiency can reach 70% with an input voltage of 50 mV. The system operates in a range of just a few of millivolts to half a volt with ample efficiencies. It can work at an optimal point with different transducers and environmental conditions

Considering Vermont\u27s Future in a Changing Climate: The First Vermont Climate Assessment

The Vermont Climate Assessment (VCA) paints a vivid picture of a changing climate in Vermont and calls for immediate strategic planning to sustain the social, economic and environmental fabric of our state. The VCA is the first state-scale climate assessment in the country and speaks directly to the impacts of climate change as they pertain to our rural towns, cities and communities, including impacts on Vermont tourism and recreation, agriculture, natural resources and energy

Electronically active textiles

Electronically Active Textiles (e-textiles) are a type of textile material that has some form of electronic functionality. This can be achieved by attaching electronics onto the surface of the textile, incorporating electronic components as part of the fabrication of the textile itself, or by integrating electronics into the yarns or fibers that comprises the textile. The addition of electronic components can give textiles a wide range of new functions from lighting or heating to advanced sensing capabilities. As such, e-textiles have provided a platform for developing a range of new novel products in fields, such as healthcare, sports, protection, transport, and communications. The purpose of this volume is to report on the advances in the integration of electronics into textiles, and presents original research in the field of e-textiles as well as a comprehensive review of the evolution of e-Textiles. Topics include the fabrication and illumination of e-textiles and the use of e-textiles for temperature sensing