Regulación emocional y recuperación física de los jóvenes deportistas en modalidades deportivas individual y colectiva

Indexación: Scopus.Due to the influence of positive and negative affects experienced during competition on sports performance, emotional regulation is one of the psychological variables that are more interesting to the sport psychology field. In this sense, this study analyzes how the use of reappraisal and suppression stimulates or hampers the physical recovery of young athletes. All of this taking into account the mediating role of self-efficacy and cognitive anxiety experienced during competition. Three hundred Chilean athletes with ages from 11 to 18 years old participated in this study (M = 15.15; SD = 2.38). Specifically, 139 of them practiced individual sports (boating, athletics, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and tennis) and 161 collective sports (basketball, volleyball, soccer, and rugby). Results show that the use of cognitive reappraisal as a dispositional strategy is associated with positive affect. In addition, cognitive reappraisal promotes self-efficacy in athletes during competition and stimulates their physical recovery. Emotional suppression produces the opposite effect, being associated to negative affect and impairing physical recovery by cognitive anxiety. Results are also discussed related to differences observed in the use of these two emotional regulation strategies in individual and collective sports, along with their practice implications for the training of young athletes in both modalities. © 2018 Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. All rights reserved.La influencia que los estados emocionales tienen en los deportistas cuando compiten ha hecho que la regulación emocional sea una de las variables psicológicas más interesantes a estudiar en los últimos años en el ámbito deportivo. En este sentido, este estudio analiza cómo los usos de las dos estrategias de regulación más usadas de forma disposicional favorecen o disminuyen la recuperación física de los deportistas jóvenes después de la competición. Todo ello teniendo en cuenta el papel mediador que la autoeficacia y la ansiedad cognitiva tienen en esa relación. Para este estudio se contó con la participación de 300 deportistas chilenos de 11 a 18 años (M = 15,15; DT = 2,38). En concreto, 139 practicaban deportes individuales (canotaje, atletismo, natación, gimnasia rítmica y tenis) y 161 deportes colectivos (básquetbol, voleibol, fútbol y rugby). Los resultados del estudio muestran que el uso de la reevaluación cognitiva como estrategia disposicional favorece la autoeficacia de los deportistas en competición y mejora la recuperación física. La supresión emocional, en cambio, se muestra como una estrategia desadaptativa que favorece la ansiedad cognitiva en competición y dificulta la recuperación física. Se discuten también los resultados respecto a las diferencias observadas en el uso de estas dos estrategias de regulación en deportes individuales y colectivos, y su implicación práctica en la preparación de los deportistas jóvenes en ambas modalidades deportivas.https://www.scopus.com/redirect/linking.uri?targetURL=https%3a%2f%2fdoi.org%2f10.5232%2fricyde2018.05301&locationID=1&categoryID=4&eid=2-s2.0-85049895193&issn=18853137&linkType=ViewAtPublisher&year=2018&origin=recordpage&dig=40092fbd145b817ecfc2d14738ebee92&recordRank

Coherence between subjective experience and physiology in emotion: Individual differences and implications for well-being.

Emotion theorists have characterized emotions as involving coherent responding across various emotion response systems (e.g., covariation of subjective experience and physiology). Greater response system coherence has been theorized to promote well-being, yet very little research has tested this assumption. The current study examined whether individuals with greater coherence between physiology and subjective experience of emotion report greater well-being. We also examined factors that may predict the magnitude of coherence, such as emotion intensity, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Participants (N = 63) completed self-report measures of well-being, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal. They then watched a series of emotionally evocative film clips designed to elicit positive and negative emotion. During the films, participants continuously rated their emotional experience using a rating dial, and their autonomic physiological responses were recorded. Time-lagged cross-correlations were used to calculate within-participant coherence between intensity of emotional experience (ranging from neutral to very negative or very positive) and physiology (composite of cardiac interbeat interval, skin conductance, ear pulse transit time, finger pulse transit time and amplitude, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Results indicated that individuals with greater coherence reported greater well-being. Coherence was highest during the most emotionally intense film and among individuals who reported lower expressive suppression. However, coherence was not associated with reappraisal. These findings provide support for the idea that greater emotion coherence promotes well-being and also shed light on factors that are associated with the magnitude of coherence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

‘Just can’t hide it’:A behavioral and lesion study on emotional response modulation after right prefrontal damage

Introduction: Historically, emotion regulation problems have been reported as a common consequence of right prefrontal cortex (rPFC) damage. It has been proposed that the rPFC, particularly the rIFG, has a key role inhibiting prepotent reflexive actions, thus contributing to emotion regulation and self-regulation. This study is the first to directly explore this hypothesis, by testing whether damage to the rIFG compromises the voluntary modulation of emotional responses, and whether performance on inhibition tasks is associated with emotion regulation. Method: 10 individuals with unilateral right prefrontal damage and 15 matched healthy controls were compared on a well-known response modulation task. During the task participants had to amplify and suppress their facial emotional expressions, while watching film clips eliciting amusement. Measures of executive control, emotion regulation strategies usage and symptomatology were also collected. Results: As a group, individuals with rPFC damage presented a significantly reduced range of response modulation compared with controls. In addition, performance in the suppression task was associated with measures of cognitive inhibition and suppression usage. Interestingly, these effects were driven primarily by a subgroup of individuals with rPFC damage, all of whom also had damage to the right posterior insula, and who presented a marked impairment in suppressing facial emotional expression

Suppressing sensorimotor activity modulates the discrimination of auditory emotions but not speaker identity

Our ability to recognize the emotions of others is a crucial feature of human social cognition. Functional neuroimaging studies indicate that activity in sensorimotor cortices is evoked during the perception of emotion. In the visual domain, right somatosensory cortex activity has been shown to be critical for facial emotion recognition. However, the importance of sensorimotor representations in modalities outside of vision remains unknown. Here we use continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to investigate whether neural activity in the right postcentral gyrus (rPoG) and right lateral premotor cortex (rPM) is involved in nonverbal auditory emotion recognition. Three groups of participants completed same-different tasks on auditory stimuli, discriminating between the emotion expressed and the speakers' identities, before and following cTBS targeted at rPoG, rPM, or the vertex (control site). A task-selective deficit in auditory emotion discrimination was observed. Stimulation to rPoG and rPM resulted in a disruption of participants' abilities to discriminate emotion, but not identity, from vocal signals. These findings suggest that sensorimotor activity may be a modality-independent mechanism which aids emotion discrimination. Copyright © 2010 the authors

Emotion regulation capacity in older adults: Effects on facial expression and memory

This thesis primarily investigated the extent to which the capacity for emotion regulation is preserved in older adults. In doing this, the current research explored possible contributors that might help explain how older adults regulate their emotions as well as young adults, and the limitations to emotion regulation ability in ageing. Subtle changes in muscle activity associated with positive and negative facial expressions were measured with zygomaticus and corrugator facial electromyography (EMG) as a novel technique to determine age differences in specific emotion regulation use, as well as age differences in emotional reactivity

Covering your face on Facebook.Managing identity through untagging and deletion

This paper describes the ways in which Facebook users manage their\ud online identities through untagging and deleting photos to make sure images are\ud interpreted in a desirable way. Using data collected from an online survey and\ud thirty in-depth interviews with American adult Facebook users, the authors argue\ud that identity management can best be understood as the combination of\ud constructive and destructive practices through which users control not only their\ud self-presentation (projection), but also the statements others make about them\ud (suppression)

Physiological, behavioral and subjective sadness reactivity in frontotemporal dementia subtypes.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative disease broadly characterized by socioemotional impairments, includes three clinical subtypes: behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA). Emerging evidence has shown emotional reactivity impairments in bvFTD and svPPA, whereas emotional reactivity in nfvPPA is far less studied. In 105 patients with FTD (49 bvFTD, 31 svPPA and 25 nfvPPA) and 27 healthy controls, we examined three aspects of emotional reactivity (physiology, facial behavior and subjective experience) in response to a sad film. In a subset of the sample, we also examined the neural correlates of diminished aspects of reactivity using voxel-based morphometry. Results indicated that all three subtypes of FTD showed diminished physiological responding in respiration rate and diastolic blood pressure; patients with bvFTD and svPPA also showed diminished subjective experience, and no subtypes showed diminished facial behavior. Moreover, there were differences among the clinical subtypes in brain regions where smaller volumes were associated with diminished sadness reactivity. These results show that emotion impairments extend to sadness reactivity in FTD and underscore the importance of considering different aspects of sadness reactivity in multiple clinical subtypes for characterizing emotional deficits and associated neurodegeneration in FTD

Relations Between Dispositional Expressivity and Physiological Changes During Acute Positive and Negative Affect

The aim of the present study is to examine the relations between emotional expressivity measured by Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire and physiological response in situations where positive and negative affects were induced. On 65 participants four physiological parameters, including finger pulse amplitude, heart rate, skin conductance level and amplitude of skin conductance response were measured. In situations in which negative affect was induced, individuals higher in negative expressivity showed higher skin conductance level, higher amplitude of skin conductance response and higher heart rate compared to individuals low on negative expressivity, whereas finger pulse amplitude did not differ between these two groups. The same results were obtained even when controlling for five factor personality traits and recorded participants’ facial expression. In situation where a positive affect was induced, no differences in sympathetic responses between participants high and low in positive expressivity have been found. The results are explained in the context of Coactivation theory and possible consequences of the results on health outcomes are discussed