2,710 research outputs found
Torque maximisation of the PMAC motor for high performance, low inertia operation
This paper describes the techniques applied to maximise the torque en- velope of the permanent magnet AC (PMAC) motor operating under current and voltage constraints. Standard steady-state descriptions of the system are often suitable for control purposes when the rotor velocity is varying rela- tively slowly. In low inertia applications such as clutchless gearchange opera- tions, where in the pursuit of driveability, the motor is required to accelerate and decelerate its own rotor inertia as quickly as possible. In this case, the voltage drop due to the current dynamics start to become significant. This paper presents a method to reserve voltage headroom dynamically in the field-weakening region in order to maximise the torque envelope when the effective inertia is low. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this approach
Computationally Efficient Trajectory Optimization for Linear Control Systems with Input and State Constraints
This paper presents a trajectory generation method that optimizes a quadratic
cost functional with respect to linear system dynamics and to linear input and
state constraints. The method is based on continuous-time flatness-based
trajectory generation, and the outputs are parameterized using a polynomial
basis. A method to parameterize the constraints is introduced using a result on
polynomial nonpositivity. The resulting parameterized problem remains
linear-quadratic and can be solved using quadratic programming. The problem can
be further simplified to a linear programming problem by linearization around
the unconstrained optimum. The method promises to be computationally efficient
for constrained systems with a high optimization horizon. As application, a
predictive torque controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor which is
based on real-time optimization is presented.Comment: Proceedings of the American Control Conference (ACC), pp. 1904-1909,
San Francisco, USA, June 29 - July 1, 201
Analytical Optimal Currents for Multiphase PMSMs Under Fault Conditions and Saturation
An original analytical expression is presented in this paper to obtain optimal currents minimizing the copper losses of a multi-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) under fault conditions. Based on the existing solutions [i]opt1 (without zero sequence of current constraint) and [i]opt2 (with zero sequence constraint), this new expression of currents [i]opt3 is obtained by means of a geometrical representation and can be applied to open-circuit, defect of current regulation, current saturation and machine phase short-circuit fault. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed approach
Constrained field-oriented control of permanent magnet synchronous machine with field-weakening utilizing a reference governor
This paper presents a complete solution for constrained control of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. It utilizes field-oriented control with proportional-integral current controllers tuned to obtain a fast transient response and zero steady-state error. To ensure constraint satisfaction in the steady state, a novel field-weakening algorithm which is robust to flux linkage uncertainty is introduced. Field weakening problem is formulated as an optimization problem which is solved online using projected fast gradient method. To ensure constraint satisfaction
during current transients, an additional device called current reference governor is added to the existing control loops. The constraint satisfaction is achieved by altering the reference signal. The reference governor is formulated as a simple optimization problem whose objective is to minimize the difference between the true reference and a modified one. The proposed method is implemented on Texas instruments F28343 200 MHz microcontroller and experimentally verified on a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine
Comparison between unipolar and bipolar single phase grid-connected inverters for PV applications
An inverter is essential for the interfacing of photovoltaic panels with the AC network. There are many possible inverter topologies and inverter switching schemes and each one will have its own relative advantages and disadvantages. Efficiency and output current distortion are two important factors governing the choice of inverter system. In this paper, it is argued that current controlled inverters offer significant advantages from the point of view of minimisation of current distortion. Two inverter switching strategies are explored in detail. These are the unipolar current controlled inverter and the bipolar current controlled inverter. With respect to low frequency distortion, previously published works provide theoretical arguments in favour of bipolar switching. On the other hand it has also been argued that the unipolar switched inverter offers reduced switching losses and generates less EMI. On efficiency grounds, it appears that the unipolar switched inverter has an advantage. However, experimental results presented in this paper show that the level of low frequency current distortion in the unipolar switched inverter is such that it can only comply with Australian Standard 4777.2 above a minimum output current. On the other hand it is shown that at the same current levels bipolar switching results in reduced low frequency harmonics
Comparison between unipolar and bipolar single phase grid-connected inverters for PV applications
An inverter is essential for the interfacing of photovoltaic panels with the AC network. There are many possible inverter topologies and inverter switching schemes and each one will have its own relative advantages and disadvantages. Efficiency and output current distortion are two important factors governing the choice of inverter system. In this paper, it is argued that current controlled inverters offer significant advantages from the point of view of minimisation of current distortion. Two inverter switching strategies are explored in detail. These are the unipolar current controlled inverter and the bipolar current controlled inverter. With respect to low frequency distortion, previously published works provide theoretical arguments in favour of bipolar switching. On the other hand it has also been argued that the unipolar switched inverter offers reduced switching losses and generates less EMI. On efficiency grounds, it appears that the unipolar switched inverter has an advantage. However, experimental results presented in this paper show that the level of low frequency current distortion in the unipolar switched inverter is such that it can only comply with Australian Standard 4777.2 above a minimum output current. On the other hand it is shown that at the same current levels bipolar switching results in reduced low frequency harmonics
Energy-based modeling of electric motors
We propose a new approach to model electrical machines based on energy
considerations and construction symmetries of the motor. We detail the approach
on the Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor and show that it can be extended to
Synchronous Reluctance Motor and Induction Motor. Thanks to this approach we
recover the usual models without any tedious computation. We also consider
effects due to non-sinusoidal windings or saturation and provide experimental
data
Self-learning Direct Flux Vector Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Drives
This paper proposes a novel self-learning control scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives to achieve maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation in constant torque region and voltage constraint maximum torque per ampere (VCMTPA) operation in field weakening region. The proposed self-learning control scheme (SLC) is based on the newly reported virtual signal injection aided direct flux vector control. However, other searching based optimal control schemes in the flux-torque (f-t) reference frame are also possible. Initially the reference flux amplitudes for MTPA operations are tracked by virtual signal injection and the data are used by the proposed self-learning control scheme to train the reference flux map online. After training, the proposed control scheme generates the optimal reference flux amplitude with fast dynamic response. The proposed control scheme can achieve MTPA or VCMTPA control fast and accurately without accurate prior knowledge of machine parameters and can adapt to machine parameter changes during operation. The proposed control scheme is verified by experiments under various operation conditions on a prototype 10 kW IPMSM drive
Modelling and Control of an Annular Momentum Control Device
The results of a modelling and control study for an advanced momentum storage device supported on magnetic bearings are documented. The control challenge posed by this device lies in its dynamics being such a strong function of flywheel rotational speed. At high rotational speed, this can lead to open loop instabilities, resulting in requirements for minimum and maximum control bandwidths and gains for the stabilizing controllers. Using recently developed analysis tools for systems described by complex coefficient differential equations, the closed properties of the controllers were analyzed and stability properties established. Various feedback controllers are investigated and discussed. Both translational and angular dynamics compensators are developed, and measures of system stability and robustness to plant and operational speed variations are presented
Full- & Reduced-Order State-Space Modeling of Wind Turbine Systems with Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator
Wind energy is an integral part of nowadays energy supply and one of the
fastest growing sources of electricity in the world today. Accurate models for
wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are of key interest for the analysis and
control design of present and future energy systems. Existing control-oriented
WECSs models are subject to unstructured simplifications, which have not been
discussed in literature so far. Thus, this technical note presents are thorough
derivation of a physical state-space model for permanent magnet synchronous
generator WECSs. The physical model considers all dynamic effects that
significantly influence the system's power output, including the switching of
the power electronics. Alternatively, the model is formulated in the -
and -reference frame. Secondly, a complete control and operation
management system for the wind regimes II and III and the transition between
the regimes is presented. The control takes practical effects such as input
saturation and integral windup into account. Thirdly, by a structured model
reduction procedure, two state-space models of WECS with reduced complexity are
derived: a non-switching model and a non-switching reduced-order model. The
validity of the models is illustrated and compared through a numerical
simulation study.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure
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