Sensorless drives for aerospace applications

This Engineering Doctorate thesis investigates the different implementations and theories allowing drives to control motors using sensorless techniques that could be used in an aerospace environment. A range of converter topologies and their control will be examined to evaluate the possible techniques that will allow a robust and reliable drive algorithm to be implemented. The focus of the research is around sensorless drives for fuel pump applications, with the potential to replace an existing analogue implementation that is embedded in a fuel pump, contained within the fuel tank. The motor choice (Brushless DC) reflects the requirement for endurance and tight speed control over the life of the aircraft. The study of currently understood sensorless control will allow a critical analysis over the best and most robust sensorless control technique for a controller of this nature, where reliability is a fundamental requirement.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceEaton AerospaceTitchfieldGBUnited Kingdo

Advances in Rotating Electric Machines

It is difficult to imagine a modern society without rotating electric machines. Their use has been increasing not only in the traditional fields of application but also in more contemporary fields, including renewable energy conversion systems, electric aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, unmanned propulsion systems, robotics, etc. This has contributed to advances in the materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes of current electric machines, which are characterized by high compactness, low weight, high power density, high torque density, and high reliability. On the other hand, the growing use of electric machines and drives in more critical applications has pushed forward the research in the area of condition monitoring and fault tolerance, leading to the development of more reliable diagnostic techniques and more fault-tolerant machines. This book presents and disseminates the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control, and condition monitoring of all types of rotating electric machines

Sensorless position estimation in fault-tolerant permanent magnet AC motor drives with redundancy.

Safety critical applications are heavily dependent on fault-tolerant motor drives being capable of continuing to operate satisfactorily under faults. This research utilizes a fault-tolerant PMAC motor drive with redundancy involving dual drives to provide parallel redundancy where each drive has electrically, magnetically, thermally and physically independent phases to improve its fault-tolerant capabilities. PMAC motor drives can offer high power and torque densities which are essential in high performance applications, for example, more-electric airplanes. In this thesis, two sensorless algorithms are proposed to estimate the rotor position in a fault-tolerant three-phase surface-mounted sinusoidal PMAC motor drive with redundancy under normal and faulted operating conditions. The key aims are to improve the reliability by eliminating the use of a position sensor which is one of major sources of failures, as well as by offering fault-tolerant position estimation. The algorithms utilize measurements of the winding currents and phase voltages, to compute flux linkage increments without integration, hence producing the predicted position values. Estimation errors due measurements are compensated for by a modified phase-locked loop technique which forces the predicted positions to track the flux linkage increments, finally generating the rotor position estimate. The fault-tolerant three-phase sensorless position estimation method utilizes the measured data from the three phase windings in each drive, consequently obtaining a total of two position estimates. However, the fault-tolerant two-phase sensorless position estimation method uses measurements from pairs of phases and produces three position estimates for each drive. Therefore, six position estimates are available in the dual drive system. In normal operation, all of these position estimates can be averaged to achieve a final rotor angle estimate in both schemes. Under faulted operating conditions, on the other hand, a final position estimate should be achieved by averaging position estimates obtained with measurements from healthy phases since unacceptable estimation errors can be created by making use of measured values from phases with failures. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant sensorless position estimation schemes, the algorithms were tested using both simulated data and offline measured data from an experimental fault-tolerant PMAC motor drive system. In the healthy condition, both techniques presented good performance with acceptable accuracies under low and high steady-state speeds, starting from standstill and step load changes. In addition, they had robustness against parameter variations and measurement errors, as well as the ability to recover quickly from large incorrect initial position information. Under faulted operating conditions such as sensor failures, however, the two-phase sensorless method was more reliable than the threephase sensorless method since it could operate even with a faulty phase.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 201

Sterowanie bezszczotkowym silniem DC z wykorzystaniem [latformy Arduno

The Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are often used in many situations in many sectors. These motors are widely used in the application of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (AUV). However, BLDC motors need to be controlled by the external system to ensure flawless and reliable function. Using the Electronic speed control (ESC) for the brushless motor, every motor can be controlled by any platforms such as Arduino. The Arduino platform was selected due to its simplicity, availability at the market and the cost-effectiveness. The aim of this research is designing the motor control for the BLDC motor on the Arduino platform. The designed system should be used by the UAV using propellers. This paper also includes the software implementation for the motor control. An implementation is developed to study the performance of the system for wide range speed control and power quality improvement. © 2018, Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT. All rights reserved.W artykule opisano zdalne sterowanie bezszczotkowym silniekiem DC w zastosowanou do dronów. Wykorzystano platformę Arduno i system ESC – electronik speed control.Przedstawiono oprogramowanie I badania przy różnych warunkach pracy.Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme [LO1303 (MSMT-7778/2014)]; European Regional Development Fund under the project CEBIA-Tech [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0089]; Internal Grant Agency of Tomas Bata University [IGA/CebiaTech/2018/004

Critical Aspects of Electric Motor Drive Controllers and Mitigation of Torque Ripple - Review

Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing a vital role in sustainable transportation. It is estimated that by 2030, Battery EVs will become mainstream for passenger car transportation. Even though EVs are gaining interest in sustainable transportation, the future of EV power transmission is facing vital concerns and open research challenges. Considering the case of torque ripple mitigation and improved reliability control techniques in motors, many motor drive control algorithms fail to provide efficient control. To efficiently address this issue, control techniques such as Field Orientation Control (FOC), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Model Predictive Control (MPC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), and Intelligent Control (IC) techniques are used in the motor drive control algorithms. This literature survey exclusively compares the various advanced control techniques for conventionally used EV motors such as Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC), Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), and Induction Motors (IM). Furthermore, this paper discusses the EV-motors history, types of EVmotors, EV-motor drives powertrain mathematical modelling, and design procedure of EV-motors. The hardware results have also been compared with different control techniques for BLDC and SRM hub motors. Future direction towards the design of EV by critical selection of motors and their control techniques to minimize the torque ripple and other research opportunities to enhance the performance of EVs are also presented.publishedVersio

Sensorless vector control of surface mounted permanent magnet machines without restriction of zero frequency

Permanent magnet motors have a series of characteristics that make them attractive for the use in industrial drives: low maintenance, high dynamics, small size and mass to power ratio. In particular its higher efficiency means that permanent magnet synchronous motors may be used instead of electro-magnetically exited motors (such induction machines or commutator DC motors) in applications where the energy savings compensate the higher initial cost. Nevertheless, the need for a shaft mounted position measurement to perform the orientation of the control of the synchronous machine is of concern, because it increases the total drive cost and reduces reliability. In this work the sensorless vector control of a surface mounted permanent magnet machine is presented. The emphasis is in the control at low and zero speed, including position control, by means of saturation saliency tracking. Two different strategies for rotor position detection used in salient synchronous machines and in induction machines are analysed. These are hf voltage injection in the stationary, stator, reference frame of the machine (α-ß injection) and hf voltage injection on the estimated rotor axis (so called d-axis or pulsating injection). These two methods are optimised for its application to the surface mounted PM machine. The small magnitude of the saliency present difficulties and disturbances are significant. A commissioning based method (SMP) is used for enhanced rotor position estimation by the α-ß rotating injection. The two methods are implemented on a 4 kW experimental rig and the sensorless controlled results are compared and discussed. A hybrid structure combining the saliency tracking method with a flux-observer is also presented and provides sensorless control capability over the whole speed range

Torque Control

This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers, a collection of 9 works, which are, in majority, focalised around the Direct Torque Control and may be comprised of three sections: different techniques for the control of asynchronous motors and double feed or double star induction machines, oriented approach of recent developments relating to the control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and special controller design and torque control of switched reluctance machine

Traction control in electric vehicles

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Área de Especialização de Automação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 201

Unified power converter based on a dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous machine for motor drive and battery charging of electric vehicles

An electric vehicle (EV) usually has two main power converters, namely one for the motor drive system and another for the battery-charging system. Considering the similarities between both converters, a new unified power converter for motor drive and battery charging of EVs is propounded in this paper. By using a single unified power converter, the cost, volume, and weight of the power electronics are reduced, thus also making possible a reduction in the final price of the EV. Moreover, the proposed unified power converter has the capability of bidirectional power flow. During operation in traction mode, the unified power converter controls motor driving and regenerative braking. Additionally, during operation in battery-charging mode, with the EV plugged into the electrical power grid, the unified power converter controls the power flow for slow or fast battery charging (grid-to-vehicle (G2V) mode), or for discharging of the batteries (vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode). Specifically, this paper presents computer simulations and experimental validations for operation in both motor-driving and slow battery-charging mode (in G2V and V2G modes). It is demonstrated that the field-oriented control used in the traction system presents good performance for different values of mechanical load and that the battery-charging system operates with high levels of power quality, both in G2V and in V2G mode.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) (in Portuguese, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020. This work was also supported by the FCT Project DAIPESEV PTDC/EEIEEE/30382/2017 and by the FCT Project newERA4GRIDs PTDC/EEI-EEE/30283/2017. T.J.C.S. is supported by the doctoral scholarship SFRH/BD/134353/2017 granted by the FCT

Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives

Dear Colleagues, I am very happy to have this Special Issue of the journal Energies on the topic of Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives published. Electrical motor drives are widely used in the industry, automation, transportation, and home appliances. Indeed, rolling mills, machine tools, high-speed trains, subway systems, elevators, electric vehicles, air conditioners, all depend on electrical motor drives.However, the production of effective and practical motors and drives requires flexibility in the regulation of current, torque, flux, acceleration, position, and speed. Without proper modeling, drive, and control, these motor drive systems cannot function effectively.To address these issues, we need to focus on the design, modeling, drive, and control of different types of motors, such as induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, brushless DC motors, DC motors, synchronous reluctance motors, switched reluctance motors, flux-switching motors, linear motors, and step motors.Therefore, relevant research topics in this field of study include modeling electrical motor drives, both in transient and in steady-state, and designing control methods based on novel control strategies (e.g., PI controllers, fuzzy logic controllers, neural network controllers, predictive controllers, adaptive controllers, nonlinear controllers, etc.), with particular attention to transient responses, load disturbances, fault tolerance, and multi-motor drive techniques. This Special Issue include original contributions regarding recent developments and ideas in motor design, motor drive, and motor control. The topics include motor design, field-oriented control, torque control, reliability improvement, advanced controllers for motor drive systems, DSP-based sensorless motor drive systems, high-performance motor drive systems, high-efficiency motor drive systems, and practical applications of motor drive systems. I want to sincerely thank authors, reviewers, and staff members for their time and efforts. Prof. Dr. Tian-Hua Liu Guest Edito