8,424 research outputs found
Just how difficult can it be counting up R&D funding for emerging technologies (and is tech mining with proxy measures going to be any better?)
Decision makers considering policy or strategy related to the development of emerging technologies expect high quality data on the support for different technological options. A natural starting point would be R&D funding statistics. This paper explores the limitations of such aggregated data in relation to the substance and quantification of funding for emerging technologies.
Using biotechnology as an illustrative case, we test the utility of a novel taxonomy to demonstrate the endemic weaknesses in the availability and quality of data from public and private sources. Using the same taxonomy, we consider the extent to which tech-mining presents an alternative, or potentially complementary, way to determine support for emerging technologies using proxy measures such as patents and scientific publications
Interoperability and FAIRness through a novel combination of Web technologies
Data in the life sciences are extremely diverse and are stored in a broad spectrum of repositories ranging from those designed for particular data types (such as KEGG for pathway data or UniProt for protein data) to those that are general-purpose (such as FigShare, Zenodo, Dataverse or EUDAT). These data have widely different levels of sensitivity and security considerations. For example, clinical observations about genetic mutations in patients are highly sensitive, while observations of species diversity are generally not. The lack of uniformity in data models from one repository to another, and in the richness and availability of metadata descriptions, makes integration and analysis of these data a manual, time-consuming task with no scalability. Here we explore a set of resource-oriented Web design patterns for data discovery, accessibility, transformation, and integration that can be implemented by any general- or special-purpose repository as a means to assist users in finding and reusing their data holdings. We show that by using off-the-shelf technologies, interoperability can be achieved atthe level of an individual spreadsheet cell. We note that the behaviours of this architecture compare favourably to the desiderata defined by the FAIR Data Principles, and can therefore represent an exemplar implementation of those principles. The proposed interoperability design patterns may be used to improve discovery and integration of both new and legacy data, maximizing the utility of all scholarly outputs
Understanding cultural heritage experts’ information seeking needs
We report on our user study on the information seeking behavior of
cultural heritage experts and the sources they use to carry out search
tasks. Seventeen experts from nine cultural heritage institutes in the
Netherlands were interviewed and asked to answer questionnaires
about their daily search activities. The interviews helped us to better
understand their search motivations, types, sources and tools. A
key finding of our study is that the majority of search tasks involve
relatively complex information gathering. This is in contrast to the
relatively simple fact-finding oriented support provided by current
tools. We describe a number of strategies that experts have developed
to overcome the inadequacies of their tools. Finally, based on
the analysis, we derive general trends of cultural heritage experts’
information seeking needs and discuss our preliminary experiences
with potential solutions
Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) in the Semantic Web: A Multi-Dimensional Review
Since the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) specification and its
SKOS eXtension for Labels (SKOS-XL) became formal W3C recommendations in 2009 a
significant number of conventional knowledge organization systems (KOS)
(including thesauri, classification schemes, name authorities, and lists of
codes and terms, produced before the arrival of the ontology-wave) have made
their journeys to join the Semantic Web mainstream. This paper uses "LOD KOS"
as an umbrella term to refer to all of the value vocabularies and lightweight
ontologies within the Semantic Web framework. The paper provides an overview of
what the LOD KOS movement has brought to various communities and users. These
are not limited to the colonies of the value vocabulary constructors and
providers, nor the catalogers and indexers who have a long history of applying
the vocabularies to their products. The LOD dataset producers and LOD service
providers, the information architects and interface designers, and researchers
in sciences and humanities, are also direct beneficiaries of LOD KOS. The paper
examines a set of the collected cases (experimental or in real applications)
and aims to find the usages of LOD KOS in order to share the practices and
ideas among communities and users. Through the viewpoints of a number of
different user groups, the functions of LOD KOS are examined from multiple
dimensions. This paper focuses on the LOD dataset producers, vocabulary
producers, and researchers (as end-users of KOS).Comment: 31 pages, 12 figures, accepted paper in International Journal on
Digital Librarie
ECHO Information sharing models
As part of the ECHO project, the Early Warning System (EWS) is one of four technologies under development. The E-EWS will provide the capability to share information to provide up to date information to all constituents involved in the E-EWS. The development of the E-EWS will be rooted in a comprehensive review of information sharing and trust models from within the cyber domain as well as models from other domains
A Taxonomy for Incidents in Communication Systems
This report deals with the construction of a taxonomy of incidents
in communication systems and is organised as
follows: the first section concerns a survey of existing taxonomies,
glossaries or controlled languages for computer security
incidents. It starts with a definition of the terms used in
this report and a discussion on the use of taxonomies as
measurement tools. The survey aims at clarifying the
importance of the definition of a common language for
exchanging and gathering information on computer security.
The second section presents the original ideas for the
taxonomy proposed with this report. The main assumption is in the
definition of the main functions a communication system should
perform and in defining a disruption as the lack of one of these
functions.
The third section is the actual presentation of the taxonomy. Some
examples of classification in this taxonomy of known computer security
incidents are added. While the overall aim of this work is at the
construction of complete taxonomy for communication systems --- including
the telecommunication services --- the examples provided in this section
will mainly deal with disruptions occurring in the Internet domain.
The fourth section presents the future work to be done for continuing
the development of the taxonomy proposed here.JRC.G.6-Security technology assessmen
Integration of distributed terminology resources to facilitate subject cross-browsing for library portal systems
With the increase in the number of distributed library information resources, users
may have to interact with different user interfaces, learn to switch their mental models
between these interfaces, and familiarise themselves with controlled vocabularies
used by different resources. For this reason, library professionals have developed
library portals to integrate these distributed information resources, and assist end-users
in cross-accessing distributed resources via a single access point in their own
library. There are two important subject-based services that a library portal system
might be able to provide. The first is a federated search service, which refers to a
process where a user can input a query to cross-search a number of information
resources. The second is a subject cross-browsing service, which can offer a
knowledge navigation tree to link subject schemes used by distributed resources.
However, the development of subject cross-searching and browsing services has been
impeded by the heterogeneity of different KOS (Knowledge Organisation System)
used by different information resources. Due to the lack of mappings between
different KOS, it is impossible to offer a subject cross-browsing service for a library
portal system. [Continues.
CHORUS Deliverable 2.1: State of the Art on Multimedia Search Engines
Based on the information provided by European projects and national initiatives related to multimedia search as well as domains experts that participated in the CHORUS Think-thanks and workshops, this document reports on the state of the art related to multimedia content search from, a technical, and socio-economic perspective.
The technical perspective includes an up to date view on content based indexing and retrieval technologies, multimedia search in the context of mobile devices and peer-to-peer networks, and an overview of current evaluation and benchmark inititiatives to measure the performance of multimedia search engines.
From a socio-economic perspective we inventorize the impact and legal consequences of these technical advances and point out future directions of research
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