405 research outputs found
An automatic tool to Extract, Transform and Load data from real electricity markets
The study of Electricity Markets operation has been gaining an increasing importance in the last years,
as result of the new challenges that the restructuring produced. Currently, lots of information
concerning Electricity Markets is available, as market operators provide, after a period of
confidentiality, data regarding market proposals and transactions. These data can be used as source of
knowledge, to define realistic scenarios, essential for understanding and forecast Electricity Markets
behaviour. The development of tools able to extract, transform, store and dynamically update data, is of
great importance to go a step further into the comprehension of Electricity Markets and the behaviour
of the involved entities. In this paper we present an adaptable tool capable of downloading, parsing and
storing data from market operators’ websites, assuring actualization and reliability of stored data
Planning and operation objectives of public electric vehicle charging infrastructures: a review
Planning public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure has gradually become a key factor in the electrification of mobility and decarbonization of the transport sector. In order to achieve a high level of electrification in mobility, in recent years, different studies have been presented, proposing novel practices and methodologies for the planning and operation of electric vehicles charging infrastructure. In this paper, the authors present an up-to-date analysis of the existing literature in this research field, organized by considering the perspectives and objectives of the principal actors/operators of the EV public charging infrastructure value chain. Among these actors, the electric vehicle, the charging operators and service providers, and the power system infrastructure (transmission and distribution system) are analyzed in depth. By classifying the reviewed literature based on this manifold viewpoints approach, this paper aims to facilitate researchers and technology developers in exploring the state-of-the-art methodologies for each actor’s perspective, and identify conflicting interests and synergies in charging infrastructure operation and planning.The authors would like to thank the Research Council of Norway and industry partners for the support in writing this paper under project 295133/E20FuChar—Grid and Charging Infrastructure of the Future https://prosjektbanken.forskningsradet.no/en/project/FORISS/295133?Kilde=F ORISS&distribution=Ar&chart=bar&calcType=funding&Sprak=no&sortBy=score&sortOrder=desc& resultCount=30&offset=0&Fritekst=fuchar&source=FORISS&projectId=295133 (accessed on 23 June 2023). The authors gratefully acknowledge Michele Garau, Bendik Nybakk Torsæter, and Daniel Mota from SINTEF Energy Research for their contribution to the conceptualization and review of the article. The work of Andreas Sumper was supported by the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Academia Program.Postprint (published version
μGIM - Microgrid intelligent management system based on a multi-agent approach and the active participation of end-users
[ES] Los sistemas de potencia y energÃa están cambiando su paradigma tradicional, de sistemas centralizados a sistemas descentralizados. La aparición de redes inteligentes permite la integración de recursos energéticos descentralizados y promueve la gestión inclusiva que involucra a los usuarios finales, impulsada por la gestión del lado de la demanda, la energÃa transactiva y la respuesta a la demanda. Garantizar la escalabilidad y la estabilidad del servicio proporcionado por la red, en este nuevo paradigma de redes inteligentes, es más difÃcil porque no hay una única sala de operaciones centralizada donde se tomen todas las decisiones. Para implementar con éxito redes inteligentes, es necesario combinar esfuerzos entre la ingenierÃa eléctrica y la ingenierÃa informática. La ingenierÃa eléctrica debe garantizar el correcto funcionamiento fÃsico de las redes inteligentes y de sus componentes, estableciendo las bases para un adecuado monitoreo, control, gestión, y métodos de operación. La ingenierÃa informática desempeña un papel importante al proporcionar los modelos y herramientas computacionales adecuados para administrar y operar la red inteligente y sus partes constituyentes, representando adecuadamente a todos los diferentes actores involucrados. Estos modelos deben considerar los objetivos individuales y comunes de los actores que proporcionan las bases para garantizar interacciones competitivas y cooperativas capaces de satisfacer a los actores individuales, asà como cumplir con los requisitos comunes con respecto a la sostenibilidad técnica, ambiental y económica del Sistema.
La naturaleza distribuida de las redes inteligentes permite, incentiva y beneficia enormemente la participación activa de los usuarios finales, desde actores grandes hasta actores más pequeños, como los consumidores residenciales. Uno de los principales problemas en la planificación y operación de redes eléctricas es la variación de la demanda de energÃa, que a menudo se duplica más que durante las horas pico en comparación con la demanda fuera de pico. Tradicionalmente, esta variación dio como resultado la construcción de plantas de generación de energÃa y grandes inversiones en lÃneas de red y subestaciones. El uso masivo de fuentes de energÃa renovables implica mayor volatilidad en lo relativo a la generación, lo que hace que sea más difÃcil equilibrar el consumo y la generación. La participación de los actores de la red inteligente, habilitada por la energÃa transactiva y la respuesta a la demanda, puede proporcionar flexibilidad en desde el punto de vista de la demanda, facilitando la operación del sistema y haciendo frente a la creciente participación de las energÃas renovables.
En el ámbito de las redes inteligentes, es posible construir y operar redes más pequeñas, llamadas microrredes. Esas son redes geográficamente limitadas con gestión y operación local. Pueden verse como áreas geográficas restringidas para las cuales la red eléctrica generalmente opera fÃsicamente conectada a la red principal, pero también puede operar en modo isla, lo que proporciona independencia de la red principal.
Esta investigación de doctorado, realizada bajo el Programa de Doctorado en IngenierÃa Informática de la Universidad de Salamanca, aborda el estudio y el análisis de la gestión de microrredes, considerando la participación activa de los usuarios finales y la gestión energética de lascarga eléctrica y los recursos energéticos de los usuarios finales. En este trabajo de investigación se ha analizado el uso de conceptos de ingenierÃa informática, particularmente del campo de la inteligencia artificial, para apoyar la gestión de las microrredes, proponiendo un sistema de gestión inteligente de microrredes (μGIM) basado en un enfoque de múltiples agentes y en la participación activa de usuarios. Esta solución se compone de tres sistemas que combinan hardware y software: el emulador de virtual a realidad (V2R), el enchufe inteligente de conciencia ambiental de Internet de las cosas (EnAPlug), y la computadora de placa única para energÃa basada en el agente (S4E) para permitir la gestión del lado de la demanda y la energÃa transactiva. Estos sistemas fueron concebidos, desarrollados y probados para permitir la validación de metodologÃas de gestión de microrredes, es decir, para la participación de los usuarios finales y para la optimización inteligente de los recursos.
Este documento presenta todos los principales modelos y resultados obtenidos durante esta investigación de doctorado, con respecto a análisis de vanguardia, concepción de sistemas, desarrollo de sistemas, resultados de experimentación y descubrimientos principales. Los sistemas se han evaluado en escenarios reales, desde laboratorios hasta sitios piloto. En total, se han publicado veinte artÃculos cientÃficos, de los cuales nueve se han hecho en revistas especializadas. Esta investigación de doctorado realizó contribuciones a dos proyectos H2020 (DOMINOES y DREAM-GO), dos proyectos ITEA (M2MGrids y SPEAR), tres proyectos portugueses (SIMOCE, NetEffiCity y AVIGAE) y un proyecto con financiación en cascada H2020 (Eco-Rural -IoT)
Powering Accra: Projecting Electricity Demand for Ghana‘s Capital City
The purpose of this research was to create an agent-based urban simulation based on land use at the plot level for projecting the disaggregated electricity demand of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). A simulation system comprised of location choice, regression, and simple models were used to project household, employment and land development decisions. Households, persons, and jobs tables were synthetically generated from GLSS5 (Ghana Living Standards Survey 2005) data using Stata, built in a MySQL database and incorporated for use in the Open Platform for Urban Simulation (OPUS). Electricity demand was projected for each of the simulation years based on a regression model. Numerous geospatial datasets were projected and edited in ArcGIS which describe the physical composition of Accra in its totality, including buildings, roads and electricity infrastructure. Household mobility was estimated from a modified Cox Regression of residential mobility in Accra (Bertrand et al.) and applied to the GLSS5 for use in the location choice model, while employment coefficients and parameters describing land value were derived from literature (Buckley et al.). The model has been applied for projecting the electricity demand of the Korle Bu district in terms of high, medium and low economic and population growth rates for the time period 2006 until 2025, based on monthly electricity consumption per meter. An additional phase of this research envisions including all 12 GAMA districts (using data which has been obtained); infrastructure models to project demand for transportation, water & sewer, and solid waste facilities; as well as comparing weak and strong sustainability scenarios with the business-as-usual development path for cost-benefit analysis of proposed public policies
Decision support for participation in electricity markets considering the transaction of services and electricity at the local level
[EN] The growing concerns regarding the lack of fossil fuels, their costs, and their
impact on the environment have led governmental institutions to launch energy
policies that promote the increasing installation of technologies that use
renewable energy sources to generate energy. The increasing penetration of
renewable energy sources brings a great fluctuation on the generation side,
which strongly affects the power and energy system management. The control of
this system is moving from hierarchical and central to a smart and distributed
approach. The system operators are nowadays starting to consider the final end users (consumers and prosumers) as a part of the solution in power system
operation activities. In this sense, the end-users are changing their behavior from
passive to active players. The role of aggregators is essential in order to empower
the end-users, also contributing to those behavior changes. Although in several
countries aggregators are legally recognized as an entity of the power and energy
system, its role being mainly centered on representing end-users in wholesale
market participation.
This work contributes to the advancement of the state-of-the-art with
models that enable the active involvement of the end-users in electricity markets
in order to become key participants in the management of power and energy
systems. Aggregators are expected to play an essential role in these models,
making the connection between the residential end-users, electricity markets,
and network operators. Thus, this work focuses on providing solutions to a wide
variety of challenges faced by aggregators.
The main results of this work include the developed models to enable
consumers and prosumers participation in electricity markets and power and
energy systems management. The proposed decision support models consider
demand-side management applications, local electricity market models,
electricity portfolio management, and local ancillary services.
The proposed models are validated through case studies based on real data.
The used scenarios allow a comprehensive validation of the models from
different perspectives, namely end-users, aggregators, and network operators.
The considered case studies were carefully selected to demonstrate the characteristics of each model, and to demonstrate how each of them contributes
to answering the research questions defined to this work.[ES] La creciente preocupación por la escasez de combustibles fósiles, sus costos
y su impacto en el medio ambiente ha llevado a las instituciones
gubernamentales a lanzar polÃticas energéticas que promuevan la creciente
instalación de tecnologÃas que utilizan fuentes de energÃa renovables para
generar energÃa. La creciente penetración de las fuentes de energÃa renovable trae
consigo una gran fluctuación en el lado de la generación, lo que afecta
fuertemente la gestión del sistema de potencia y energÃa. El control de este
sistema está pasando de un enfoque jerárquico y central a un enfoque inteligente
y distribuido. Actualmente, los operadores del sistema están comenzando a
considerar a los usuarios finales (consumidores y prosumidores) como parte de
la solución en las actividades de operación del sistema eléctrico. En este sentido,
los usuarios finales están cambiando su comportamiento de jugadores pasivos a
jugadores activos. El papel de los agregadores es esencial para empoderar a los
usuarios finales, contribuyendo también a esos cambios de comportamiento.
Aunque en varios paÃses los agregadores están legalmente reconocidos como una
entidad del sistema eléctrico y energético, su papel se centra principalmente en
representar a los usuarios finales en la participación del mercado mayorista.
Este trabajo contribuye al avance del estado del arte con modelos que
permiten la participación activa de los usuarios finales en los mercados eléctricos
para convertirse en participantes clave en la gestión de los sistemas de potencia
y energÃa. Se espera que los agregadores desempeñen un papel esencial en estos
modelos, haciendo la conexión entre los usuarios finales residenciales, los
mercados de electricidad y los operadores de red. Por lo tanto, este trabajo se
enfoca en brindar soluciones a una amplia variedad de desafÃos que enfrentan los
agregadores.
Los principales resultados de este trabajo incluyen los modelos
desarrollados para permitir la participación de los consumidores y prosumidores
en los mercados eléctricos y la gestión de los sistemas de potencia y energÃa. Los
modelos de soporte de decisiones propuestos consideran aplicaciones de gestión
del lado de la demanda, modelos de mercado eléctrico local, gestión de cartera
de electricidad y servicios auxiliares locales.
Los modelos propuestos son validan mediante estudios de casos basados en
datos reales. Los escenarios utilizados permiten una validación integral de los
modelos desde diferentes perspectivas, a saber, usuarios finales, agregadores y
operadores de red. Los casos de estudio considerados fueron cuidadosamente
seleccionados para demostrar las caracterÃsticas de cada modelo y demostrar
cómo cada uno de ellos contribuye a responder las preguntas de investigación
definidas para este trabajo
Cyclic blackout mitigation and prevention
Severe and long-lasting power shortages plague many countries, resulting in cyclic blackouts affecting the life of millions of people. This research focuses on the design, development and evolution of a computer-controlled system for chronic cyclic blackouts mitigation based on the use of an agent-based distributed power management system integrating Supply Demand Matching (SDM) with the dynamic management of Heat, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) appliances. The principle is supported through interlocking different types of HVAC appliances within an adaptive cluster, the composition of which is dynamically updated according to the level of power secured from aggregating the surplus power from underutilised standby generation which is assumed to be changing throughout the day. The surplus power aggregation provides a dynamically changing flow, used to power a basic set of appliances and one HVAC per household. The proposed solution has two modes, cyclic blackout mitigation and prevention modes, selecting either one depends on the size of the power shortage. If the power shortage is severe, the system works in its cyclic blackout mitigation mode during the power OFF periods of a cyclic blackout. The system changes the composition of the HVAC cluster so that its demand added to the demand of basic household appliances matches the amount of secured supply. The system provides the best possible air conditioning/cooling service and distributes the usage right and duration of each type of HVAC appliance either equally among all houses or according to house temperature. However if the power shortage is limited and centred around the peak, the system works in its prevention mode, in such case, the system trades a minimum number of operational air conditioners (ACs) with air cooling counterparts in so doing reducing the overall demand. The solution assumes the use of a new breed of smart meters, suggested in this research, capable of dynamically rationing power provided to each household through a centrally specified power allocation for each family. This smart meter dynamically monitors each customer’s demand and ensures their allocation is never exceeded. The system implementation is evaluated utilising input power usage patterns collected through a field survey conducted in a residential quarter in Basra City, Iraq. The results of the mapping formed the foundation for a residential demand generator integrated in a custom platform (DDSM-IDEA) built as the development environment dedicated for implementing and evaluating the power management strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed solution provides an equitably distributed, comfortable quality of life level during cyclic blackout periods.Severe and long-lasting power shortages plague many countries, resulting in cyclic blackouts affecting the life of millions of people. This research focuses on the design, development and evolution of a computer-controlled system for chronic cyclic blackouts mitigation based on the use of an agent-based distributed power management system integrating Supply Demand Matching (SDM) with the dynamic management of Heat, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) appliances. The principle is supported through interlocking different types of HVAC appliances within an adaptive cluster, the composition of which is dynamically updated according to the level of power secured from aggregating the surplus power from underutilised standby generation which is assumed to be changing throughout the day. The surplus power aggregation provides a dynamically changing flow, used to power a basic set of appliances and one HVAC per household. The proposed solution has two modes, cyclic blackout mitigation and prevention modes, selecting either one depends on the size of the power shortage. If the power shortage is severe, the system works in its cyclic blackout mitigation mode during the power OFF periods of a cyclic blackout. The system changes the composition of the HVAC cluster so that its demand added to the demand of basic household appliances matches the amount of secured supply. The system provides the best possible air conditioning/cooling service and distributes the usage right and duration of each type of HVAC appliance either equally among all houses or according to house temperature. However if the power shortage is limited and centred around the peak, the system works in its prevention mode, in such case, the system trades a minimum number of operational air conditioners (ACs) with air cooling counterparts in so doing reducing the overall demand. The solution assumes the use of a new breed of smart meters, suggested in this research, capable of dynamically rationing power provided to each household through a centrally specified power allocation for each family. This smart meter dynamically monitors each customer’s demand and ensures their allocation is never exceeded. The system implementation is evaluated utilising input power usage patterns collected through a field survey conducted in a residential quarter in Basra City, Iraq. The results of the mapping formed the foundation for a residential demand generator integrated in a custom platform (DDSM-IDEA) built as the development environment dedicated for implementing and evaluating the power management strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed solution provides an equitably distributed, comfortable quality of life level during cyclic blackout periods
Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performances: bridging innovation and financial outcomes to stakeholder theory
This thesis aims to investigate if and how the attention towards stakeholder
groups affects ability and strategy of firms and corporates on innovation and
performances.
The framework of the Stakeholder Theory is assumed as reference for the
origin and concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. On this basis, specific
attention is dedicated to empirical studies on a database created by the research
group at the University of Genoa in cooperation with the Italian Ministry of
Economic Development. The data of the firms are analysed by means of
clustering techniques and bivariate probit model
Results offer implications from both theoretical and practical points of views.
In particular, the links between practices in Corporate Social Responsibility and
corporate innovation are empirically confirmed and economically addressed, also
putting into evidence how commitment in Corporate Social Responsibility
initiatives increase the probability to innovate in product and in process. The
results outlined in the thesis show that a holistic approach towards Corporate
Social Responsibility is the key factor in order to the achieve effective
performance of innovation and to foster product and process innovations. Firms
are expected to implement Corporate Social Responsibility practices in all
Corporate Social Responsibility areas, without neglecting any stakeholder and, in
the ideal situation, the innovation outcomes and the firm performances results
closely linked to the ability of firms to anticipate and meet the stakeholder needs.
Finally, beside the insights to corporate strategies, the thesis offers a
methodology to support banks in the calculation of default probability of firms by
exploiting the positive inter-linkage between Corporate Social Responsibility and
finance and risk. Based on Basel Standards and including fields monitored
through Corporate Social Responsibility indicators, the proposed approach allows
understanding of corporates\u2019 capabilities to create value and demonstrate low risk
of claims, fines and default
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