582 research outputs found
UNRAVELLING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY THROUGH IMAGE PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC – A REVIEW
One of the main causes of blindness is diabetic retinopathy (DR) and it may affect people of any ages. In these days, both young and old ages are affected by diabetes, and the di abetes is the main cause of DR. Hence, it is necessary to have an automated system with good accuracy and less computation time to diagnose and treat DR, and the automated system can simplify the work of ophthalmologists. The objective is to present an overview of various works recently in detecting and segmenting the various lesions of DR. Papers were categorized based on the diagnosing tools and the methods used for detecting early and advanced stage lesions. The early lesions of DR are microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, and cotton wool spots and in the advanced stage, new and fragile blood vessels can be grown. Results have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and receiver operating characteristic curve. This paper analyzed the various steps and different algorithms used recently for the detection and classification of DR lesions. A comparison of performances has been made in terms of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, and accuracy. Suggestions, future workand the area to be improved were also discussed.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Image processing, Morphological operations, Neural network, Fuzzy logic.Â
Blended Multi-Modal Deep ConvNet Features for Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Prediction
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and
blindness across the world. It is usually found in patients who suffer from
diabetes for a long period. The major focus of this work is to derive optimal
representation of retinal images that further helps to improve the performance
of DR recognition models. To extract optimal representation, features extracted
from multiple pre-trained ConvNet models are blended using proposed multi-modal
fusion module. These final representations are used to train a Deep Neural
Network (DNN) used for DR identification and severity level prediction. As each
ConvNet extracts different features, fusing them using 1D pooling and cross
pooling leads to better representation than using features extracted from a
single ConvNet. Experimental studies on benchmark Kaggle APTOS 2019 contest
dataset reveals that the model trained on proposed blended feature
representations is superior to the existing methods. In addition, we notice
that cross average pooling based fusion of features from Xception and VGG16 is
the most appropriate for DR recognition. With the proposed model, we achieve an
accuracy of 97.41%, and a kappa statistic of 94.82 for DR identification and an
accuracy of 81.7% and a kappa statistic of 71.1% for severity level prediction.
Another interesting observation is that DNN with dropout at input layer
converges more quickly when trained using blended features, compared to the
same model trained using uni-modal deep features.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, published in Electronics MDPI journa
A Multi-Anatomical Retinal Structure Segmentation System For Automatic Eye Screening Using Morphological Adaptive Fuzzy Thresholding
Eye exam can be as efficacious as physical one in determining health concerns. Retina screening can be the very first clue to detecting a variety of hidden health issues including pre-diabetes and diabetes. Through the process of clinical diagnosis and prognosis; ophthalmologists rely heavily on the binary segmented version of retina fundus image; where the accuracy of segmented vessels, optic disc and abnormal lesions extremely affects the diagnosis accuracy which in turn affect the subsequent clinical treatment steps. This thesis proposes an automated retinal fundus image segmentation system composed of three segmentation subsystems follow same core segmentation algorithm. Despite of broad difference in features and characteristics; retinal vessels, optic disc and exudate lesions are extracted by each subsystem without the need for texture analysis or synthesis. For sake of compact diagnosis and complete clinical insight, our proposed system can detect these anatomical structures in one session with high accuracy even in pathological retina images.
The proposed system uses a robust hybrid segmentation algorithm combines adaptive fuzzy thresholding and mathematical morphology. The proposed system is validated using four benchmark datasets: DRIVE and STARE (vessels), DRISHTI-GS (optic disc), and DIARETDB1 (exudates lesions). Competitive segmentation performance is achieved, outperforming a variety of up-to-date systems and demonstrating the capacity to deal with other heterogenous anatomical structures
Segmentation and Classification of Brain Tumor Extraction using K Means and Genetic Algorithm
A Brain Cancer is very serious disease causing deaths of many individuals. The detection and classification system must be available so that it can be diagnosed at early stages. Cancer classification has been one of the most challenging tasks in clinical diagnosis. At present cancer classification is done mainly by looking through the cells’ morphological differences, which do not always give a clear distinction of cancer subtypes. Unfortunately, this may have a significant impact on the final outcome of whether a patient could be cured effectively or not. We have proposed a methodology to segment and classify the brain MRI image using k-means clustering algorithm and Genetic algorithm
Retinal Vessels Segmentation Techniques and Algorithms: A Survey
Retinal vessels identification and localization aim to separate the different retinal vasculature structure tissues, either wide or narrow ones, from the fundus image background and other retinal anatomical structures such as optic disc, macula, and abnormal lesions. Retinal vessels identification studies are attracting more and more attention in recent years due to non-invasive fundus imaging and the crucial information contained in vasculature structure which is helpful for the detection and diagnosis of a variety of retinal pathologies included but not limited to: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, hypertension, and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). With the development of almost two decades, the innovative approaches applying computer-aided techniques for segmenting retinal vessels are becoming more and more crucial and coming closer to routine clinical applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview for retinal vessels segmentation techniques. Firstly, a brief introduction to retinal fundus photography and imaging modalities of retinal images is given. Then, the preprocessing operations and the state of the art methods of retinal vessels identification are introduced. Moreover, the evaluation and validation of the results of retinal vessels segmentation are discussed. Finally, an objective assessment is presented and future developments and trends are addressed for retinal vessels identification techniques.https://doi.org/10.3390/app802015
Automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy from fundus images using digital signal and image processing techniques
Automatic diagnosis and display of diabetic retinopathy from images of retina using the techniques of digital signal and image processing is presented in this paper. The acquired images undergo pre-processing to equalize uneven illumination associated with the acquired fundus images. This stage also removes noise present in the image. Segmentation stage clusters the image into two distinct classes while the abnormalities detection stage was used to distinguish between candidate lesions and other information. Methods of diagnosis of red spots, bleeding and detection of vein-artery crossover points have also been developed in this work using the color information, shape, size, object length to breadth ration as contained in the acquired digital fundus image. The algorithm was tested with a separate set of 25 fundus images. From this, the result obtained for Microaneurysms and Haemorrhages diagnosis shows the appropriateness of the method
Automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy from fundus images using digital signal and image processing techniques
Automatic diagnosis and display of diabetic retinopathy
from images of retina using the techniques of digital signal
and image processing is presented in this paper. The
acquired images undergo pre-processing to equalize uneven
illumination associated with the acquired fundus images.
This stage also removes noise present in the image.
Segmentation stage clusters the image into two distinct
classes while the abnormalities detection stage was used to
distinguish between candidate lesions and other information.
Methods of diagnosis of red spots, bleeding and detection of
vein-artery crossover points have also been developed in this
work using the color information, shape, size, object length
to breadth ration as contained in the acquired digital fundus
image. The algorithm was tested with a separate set of 25
fundus images. From this, the result obtained for
Microaneurysms and Haemorrhages diagnosis shows the
appropriateness of the method
A new method of vascular point detection using artificial neural network
Vascular intersection is an important feature in retina fundus image (RFI). It can be used to monitor the progress of diabetes hence accurately determining vascular point is of utmost important. In this work a new method of vascular point detection using artificial neural network model has been proposed. The method uses a 5×5 window in order to detect the combination of bifurcation and crossover points in a retina fundus image. Simulated images have been used to train the artificial neural network and on convergence the network is used to test (RFI) from DRIVE database. Performance analysis of the system shows that ANN based technique achieves 100% accuracy on simulated images and minimum of 92% accuracy on RFI obtained from DRIVE database
Brain Tumor Extraction using Genetic Algorithm
A Brain Cancer is very serious disease causing deaths of many individuals. The detection and classification system must be available so that it can be diagnosed at early stages. Cancer classification has been one of the most challenging tasks in clinical diagnosis. At present cancer classification is done mainly by looking through the cells� morphological differences, which do not always give a clear distinction of cancer subtypes. Unfortunately, this may have a significant impact on the final outcome of whether a patient could be cured effectively or not. We have proposed a methodology to segment and classify the brain MRI image using k-means clustering algorithm and Genetic algorithm
A new method of vascular point detection using artificial neural network
Vascular intersection is an important feature in
retina fundus image (RFI). It can be used to monitor the
progress of diabetes hence accurately determining
vascular point is of utmost important. In this work a new
method of vascular point detection using artificial neural network model has been proposed. The method uses a 5x5 window in order to detect the combination of bifurcation
and crossover points in a retina fundus image. Simulated
images have been used to train the artificial neural
network and on convergence the network is used to test
(RFI) from DRIVE database. Performance analysis of the
system shows that ANN based technique achieves 100%
accuracy on simulated images and minimum of 92%
accuracy on RFI obtained from DRIVE database
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