393 research outputs found
Enabling Mixed Autonomy Traffic Control
We demonstrate a new capability of automated vehicles: mixed autonomy traffic
control. With this new capability, automated vehicles can shape the traffic
flows composed of other non-automated vehicles, which has the promise to
improve safety, efficiency, and energy outcomes in transportation systems at a
societal scale. Investigating mixed autonomy mobile traffic control must be
done in situ given that the complex dynamics of other drivers and their
response to a team of automated vehicles cannot be effectively modeled. This
capability has been blocked because there is no existing scalable and
affordable platform for experimental control. This paper introduces an
extensible open-source hardware and software platform, enabling a team of 100
vehicles to execute several different vehicular control algorithms as a
collaborative fleet, composed of three different makes and models, which drove
22752 miles in a combined 1022 hours, over 5 days in Nashville, TN in November
2022
Congestion adaptive traffic light control and notification architecture using Google maps APIs
Mishra, S., Bhattacharya, D., & Gupta, A. (2018). Congestion Adaptive Traffic Light Control and Notification Architecture Using Google Maps APIs. Data, 3(4), [67]. DOI: 10.3390/data3040067Traffic jams can be avoided by controlling traffic signals according to quickly building congestion with steep gradients on short temporal and small spatial scales. With the rising standards of computational technology, single-board computers, software packages, platforms, and APIs (Application Program Interfaces), it has become relatively easy for developers to create systems for controlling signals and informative systems. Hence, for enhancing the power of Intelligent Transport Systems in automotive telematics, in this study, we used crowdsourced traffic congestion data from Google to adjust traffic light cycle times with a system that is adaptable to congestion. One aim of the system proposed here is to inform drivers about the status of the upcoming traffic light on their route. Since crowdsourced data are used, the system does not entail the high infrastructure cost associated with sensing networks. A full system module-level analysis is presented for implementation. The system proposed is fail-safe against temporal communication failure. Along with a case study for examining congestion levels, generic information processing for the cycle time decision and status delivery system was tested and confirmed to be viable and quick for a restricted prototype model. The information required was delivered correctly over sustained trials, with an average time delay of 1.5 s and a maximum of 3 s.publishersversionpublishe
Digital-Twins towards Cyber-Physical Systems: A Brief Survey
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation and physical processes. Physical processes are monitored and controlled by embedded computers and networks, which frequently have feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. To ease the analysis of a system, the costly physical plants can be replaced by the high-fidelity virtual models that provide a framework for Digital-Twins (DT). This paper aims to briefly review the state-of-the-art and recent developments in DT and CPS. Three main components in CPS, including communication, control, and computation, are reviewed. Besides, the main tools and methodologies required for implementing practical DT are discussed by following the main applications of DT in the fourth industrial revolution through aspects of smart manufacturing, sixth wireless generation (6G), health, production, energy, and so on. Finally, the main limitations and ideas for future remarks are talked about followed by a short guideline for real-world application of DT towards CPS
Cyber-Physical Systems and Smart Cities in India: Opportunities, Issues, and Challenges
A large section of the population around the globe is migrating towards urban settlements.
Nations are working toward smart city projects to provide a better wellbeing for the inhabitants.
Cyber-physical systems are at the core of the smart city setups. They are used in almost every system
component within a smart city ecosystem. This paper attempts to discuss the key components
and issues involved in transforming conventional cities into smart cities with a special focus on
cyber-physical systems in the Indian context. The paper primarily focuses on the infrastructural
facilities and technical knowhow to smartly convert classical cities that were built haphazardly due
to overpopulation and ill planning into smart cities. It further discusses cyber-physical systems as
a core component of smart city setups, highlighting the related security issues. The opportunities
for businesses, governments, inhabitants, and other stakeholders in a smart city ecosystem in the
Indian context are also discussed. Finally, it highlights the issues and challenges concerning technical,
financial, and other social and infrastructural bottlenecks in the way of realizing smart city concepts
along with future research directions
Lifecycle Management of Automotive Safety-Critical Over the Air Updates: A Systems Approach
With the increasing importance of Over The Air (OTA) updates in the automotive field, maintaining safety standards becomes more challenging as frequent incremental changes of embedded software are regularly integrated into a wide range of vehicle variants. This necessitates new processes and methodologies with a holistic view on the backend, where the updates are developed and released
Circular Production and Maintenance of Automotive Parts:An Internet of Things (IoT) Data Framework and Practice Review
The adoption of the Circular Economy paradigm by industry leads to increased responsibility of manufacturing to ensure a holistic awareness of the environmental impact of its operations. In mitigating negative effects in the environment, current maintenance practice must be considered for its potential contribution to a more sustainable lifecycle for the manufacturing operation, its products and related services. Focusing on the matching of digital technologies to maintenance practice in the automotive sector, this paper outlines a framework for organisations pursuing the integration of environmentally aware solutions in their production systems. This research sets out an agenda and framework for digital maintenance practice within the Circular Economy and the utilisation of Industry 4.0 technologies for this purpose
Survivability modeling for cyber-physical systems subject to data corruption
Cyber-physical critical infrastructures are created when traditional physical infrastructure is supplemented with advanced monitoring, control, computing, and communication capability. More intelligent decision support and improved efficacy, dependability, and security are expected. Quantitative models and evaluation methods are required for determining the extent to which a cyber-physical infrastructure improves on its physical predecessors. It is essential that these models reflect both cyber and physical aspects of operation and failure. In this dissertation, we propose quantitative models for dependability attributes, in particular, survivability, of cyber-physical systems. Any malfunction or security breach, whether cyber or physical, that causes the system operation to depart from specifications will affect these dependability attributes. Our focus is on data corruption, which compromises decision support -- the fundamental role played by cyber infrastructure. The first research contribution of this work is a Petri net model for information exchange in cyber-physical systems, which facilitates i) evaluation of the extent of data corruption at a given time, and ii) illuminates the service degradation caused by propagation of corrupt data through the cyber infrastructure. In the second research contribution, we propose metrics and an evaluation method for survivability, which captures the extent of functionality retained by a system after a disruptive event. We illustrate the application of our methods through case studies on smart grids, intelligent water distribution networks, and intelligent transportation systems. Data, cyber infrastructure, and intelligent control are part and parcel of nearly every critical infrastructure that underpins daily life in developed countries. Our work provides means for quantifying and predicting the service degradation caused when cyber infrastructure fails to serve its intended purpose. It can also serve as the foundation for efforts to fortify critical systems and mitigate inevitable failures --Abstract, page iii
Road-based routing in vehicular ad hoc networks
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can provide scalable and cost-effective solutions for applications such as traffic safety, dynamic route planning, and context-aware advertisement using short-range wireless communication. To function properly, these applications require efficient routing protocols. However, existing mobile ad hoc network routing and forwarding approaches have limited performance in VANETs. This dissertation shows that routing protocols which account for VANET-specific characteristics in their designs, such as high density and constrained mobility, can provide good performance for a large spectrum of applications.
This work proposes a novel class of routing protocols as well as three forwarding optimizations for VANETs. The Road-Based using Vehicular Traffic (RBVT) routing is a novel class of routing protocols for VANETs. RBVT protocols leverage real-time vehicular traffic information to create stable road-based paths consisting of successions of road intersections that have, with high probability, network connectivity among them. Evaluations of RBVT protocols working in conjunction with geographical forwarding show delivery rate increases as much as 40% and delay decreases as much as 85% when compared with existing protocols.
Three optimizations are proposed to increase forwarding performance. First, one- hop geographical forwarding is improved using a distributed receiver-based election of next hops, which leads to as much as 3 times higher delivery rates in highly congested networks. Second, theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the delay in highly congested networks can be reduced by half by switching from traditional FIFO with Taildrop queuing to LIFO with Frontdrop queuing. Third, nodes can determine suitable times to transmit data across RBVT paths or proactively replace routes before they break using analytical models that accurately predict the expected road-based path durations in VANETs
Definition and verification of a set of reusable reference architectures for hybrid vehicle development
Current
concerns
regarding
climate
change
and
energy
security
have
resulted
in
an
increasing
demand
for
low
carbon
vehicles,
including:
more
efficient
internal
combustion
engine
vehicles,
alternative
fuel
vehicles,
electric
vehicles
and
hybrid
vehicles.
Unlike
traditional
internal
combustion
engine
vehicles
and
electric
vehicles,
hybrid
vehicles
contain
a
minimum
of
two
energy
storage
systems.
These
are
required
to
deliver
power
through
a
complex
powertrain
which
must
combine
these
power
flows
electrically
or
mechanically
(or
both),
before
torque
can
be
delivered
to
the
wheel.
Three
distinct
types
of
hybrid
vehicles
exist,
series
hybrids,
parallel
hybrids
and
compound
hybrids.
Each
type
of
hybrid
presents
a
unique
engineering
challenge.
Also,
within
each
hybrid
type
there
exists
a
wide
range
of
configurations
of
components,
in
size
and
type.
The
emergence
of
this
new
family
of
hybrid
vehicles
has
necessitated
a
new
component
to
vehicle
development,
the
Vehicle
Supervisory
Controller
(VSC).
The
VSC
must
determine
and
deliver
driver
torque
demand,
dividing
the
delivery
of
that
demand
from
the
multiple
energy
storage
systems
as
a
function
of
efficiencies
and
capacities.
This
control
component
is
not
commonly
a
standalone
entity
in
traditional
internal
combustion
vehicles
and
therefore
presents
an
opportunity
to
apply
a
systems
engineering
approach
to
hybrid
vehicle
systems
and
VSC
control
system
development.
A
key
non-‐functional
requirement
in
systems
engineering
is
reusability.
A
common
method
for
maximising
system
reusability
is
a
Reference
Architecture
(RA).
This
is
an
abstraction
of
the
minimum
set
of
shared
system
features
(structure,
functions,
interactions
and
behaviour)
that
can
be
applied
to
a
number
of
similar
but
distinct
system
deployments.
It
is
argued
that
the
employment
of
RAs
in
hybrid
vehicle
development
would
reduce
VSC
development
time
and
cost.
This
Thesis
expands
this
research
to
determine
if
one
RA
is
extendable
to
all
hybrid
vehicle
types
and
combines
the
scientific
method
with
the
scenario
testing
method
to
verify
the
reusability
of
RAs
by
demonstration.
A
set
of
hypotheses
are
posed:
Can
one
RA
represent
all
hybrid
types?
If
not,
can
a
minimum
number
of
RAs
be
defined
which
represents
all
hybrid
types?
These
hypotheses
are
tested
by
a
set
of
scenarios.
The
RA
is
used
as
a
template
for
a
vehicle
deployment
(a
scenario),
which
is
then
tested
numerically,
thereby
verifying
that
the
RA
is
valid
for
this
type
of
vehicle.
This
Thesis
determines
that
two
RAs
are
required
to
represent
the
three
hybrid
vehicle
types.
One
RA
is
needed
for
series
hybrids,
and
the
second
RA
covers
parallel
and
compound
hybrids.
This
is
done
at
a
level
of
abstraction
which
is
high
enough
to
avoid
system
specific
features
but
low
enough
to
incorporate
detailed
control
functionality.
One
series
hybrid
is
deployed
using
the
series
RA
into
simulation,
hardware
and
onto
a
vehicle
for
testing.
This
verifies
that
the
series
RA
is
valid
for
this
type
of
vehicle.
The
parallel
RA
is
used
to
develop
two
sub-‐types
of
parallel
hybrids
and
one
compound
hybrid.
This
research
has
been
conducted
with
industrial
partners
who
value,
and
are
employing,
the
findings
of
this
research
in
their
hybrid
vehicle
development
programs
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