Bar code standardization by creating new symbology

Ovaj članak predlaže novu tipizaciju bar koda koja pojednostavljuje korištenje bilo kojeg dvodimenzionalnog matričnog bar koda na tržištu iz perspektive korisnika, istovremeno poštujući pravila svakog od njih. Predlaganjem nove tipizacije postojeći funkcijski uzorci su prebačeni u digitalni prostor i dodatni su dijelovi ugrađeni. Dodavanjem dijela koji se zove obrub (the rim), bilo koji 2D matrični bar kod može imati iste funkcijske uzorke i biti prepoznatljiv korisniku, što omogućuje standardizaciju bar koda. Prateći korake u ovom članku, za svaki 2D matrični bar kod, obrub se može precizno izračunati. Nova tipizacija također može imati dva različita bar koda u isto vrijeme implementiranjem maski koje mogu transformirati bitove kako bi se formirao željeni grafiči uzorak. Ovim se istraživanjem pridonosi cijelokupnoj standardizaciji 2D matričnih bar kodova što će omogućiti korisnicima identificiranje bilo kojeg tipa 2D matričnog bar koda na isti način kao i druge 2D matrične bar kod tipizacije. Ovom metodom moguće je stvoriti jednostavnije bar kodove za korisnika.This paper proposes a new symbology which eases the use of any two-dimensional matrix bar code on the market from a user perspective, respecting the rules of each 2D matrix bar code. By proposing a new symbology, the exisiting function patterns are transfered into a digital space and additional parts are added. By adding a part called the rim, any 2D matrix bar code can have the same function patterns and can be recognizable to the user, which enables the bar code standardization. For each 2D matrix bar code the rim can be precisely calculated. It can also carry two different 2D bar codes by implementing masks which can rearrange bits to form the desired graphic pattern. This research will contribute overall 2D matrix bar code standardization which will enable users to identify 2D matrix bar codes in the same way as other 2D matrix bar code symbologies. With this method a more user friendly bar code can be achieved

A Comprehensive Study of Using 2D Barcode for Multi Robot Labelling and Communication

Multi robot is an emerging field in robotic research with surprisingly various open problems. Reports have been published stating the advantages of multi robot over conventional single robot, including reducing task completion time. One of the open problem as concentrated in this study is their communication. This study focuses on using a 2D QR barcode for robot labelling suitable for vision-based multi robot communication. The aim is to prove that QR barcode could be decoded in various distances as well as in different angles. Image sampling is done in controlled environment. A two-way ANOVA without repetition is used to analyze the image data in terms of successful QR decoding. ANOVA with significant level of critical α 0.05 is used and has justified that smallest variance at different distances and angular pose will give the best position in order to decode the respective QR barcode. Hence multi robot communication by means of labelling a QR label onto them has the possibilities for further research

Objects extraction and recognition for camera-based interaction : heuristic and statistical approaches

In this thesis, heuristic and probabilistic methods are applied to a number of problems for camera-based interactions. The goal is to provide solutions for a vision based system that is able to extract and analyze interested objects in camera images and to use that information for various interactions for mobile usage. New methods and new attempts of combination of existing methods are developed for different applications, including text extraction from complex scene images, bar code reading performed by camera phones, and face/facial feature detection and facial expression manipulation. The application-driven problems of camera-based interaction can not be modeled by a uniform and straightforward model that has very strong simplifications of reality. The solutions we learned to be efficient were to apply heuristic but easy of implementation approaches at first to reduce the complexity of the problems and search for possible means, then use developed statistical learning approaches to deal with the remaining difficult but well-defined problems and get much better accuracy. The process can be evolved in some or all of the stages, and the combination of the approaches is problem-dependent. Contribution of this thesis resides in two aspects: firstly, new features and approaches are proposed either as heuristics or statistical means for concrete applications; secondly engineering design combining seveal methods for system optimization is studied. Geometrical characteristics and the alignment of text, texture features of bar codes, and structures of faces can all be extracted as heuristics for object extraction and further recognition. The boosting algorithm is one of the proper choices to perform probabilistic learning and to achieve desired accuracy. New feature selection techniques are proposed for constructing the weak learner and applying the boosting output in concrete applications. Subspace methods such as manifold learning algorithms are introduced and tailored for facial expression analysis and synthesis. A modified generalized learning vector quantization method is proposed to deal with the blurring of bar code images. Efficient implementations that combine the approaches in a rational joint point are presented and the results are illustrated.reviewe

An Optical Design Configuration for Wireless Data Transmission

The concept of 2D barcodes is of great relevance for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic devices. In a typical setup, any file on a cell phone for example can be transferred to a second cell phone through a series of images on the LCD which are then captured and decoded through the camera of the second cell phone. In this research, a new approach for data modulation in 2D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard methods of barcode modulation. In the proposed method, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements to modulate intensity of individual pixels. It is shown that the bit error rate performance of the proposed system is superior to the current state of the art in various scenarios. A specific aim of this study is to establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera motion, picture blur and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an LCD. Furthermore, intensity modulation requires the input signal used to modulate a light source to be positive, which requires the addition of a dc bias. In the meantime, the high crest factor of OFDM requires a lower modulation index to limit clipping distortion. These two factors result in poor power efficiency in radio over fiber applications in which signal bandwidth is generally much less than the carrier frequency. In this study, it is shown that clipping a bipolar radio frequency signal at zero level, when it has a carrier frequency sufficiently higher than its bandwidth, results in negligible distortion in the pass band and most of the distortion power is concentrated in the baseband. Consequently, with less power provided to the optical carrier, higher power efficiencies and better receiver sensitivity will result. Finally, a more efficient optical integrated system is introduced to implement the proposed intensity modulation method which is optimized for radio over fiber applications

Passive Indoor Positioning System (PIPS) Using Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology

Travel can be an enjoyable experience but it can also be stressful when one is unable to get to the destination in timely manner. Satellite navigation systems (satnav) such as the ubiquitous Global Positioning System (GPS) provide an aid to locating unfamiliar places without hassle. However, the effectiveness of satnav stops at the doorstep of the building due to its requirement for line of sight with orbiting satellites. Within a large complex building, navigation typically relies on building signage, information from kiosks and getting assistance from information desks. The advancement of mobile devices and wireless technology offer an interesting proposition for the development of indoor positioning systems. In this paper, we propose a passive indoor positioning system to provide navigational aid and discuss findings from our pilot experiment using NFC technology

DeepLight: Robust and unobtrusive real-time screen-camera communication for real-world displays

National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore under NRF Investigatorship gran

Mobile Learning using Mixed Reality Games and a Conversational, Instructional and Motivational Paradigm. Design and implementation of technical language learning mobile games for the developing world with special attention to mixed reality games for the realization of a conversational, instructional and motivational paradigm.

Mobile learning has significant potential to be very influential in further and higher education. In this research a new definition for Mobile Educational Mixed Reality Games (MEMRG) is proposed based on a mobile learning environment. A questionnaire and a quantifying scale are utilised to assist the game developers in designing a MEMRG. A ¿Conversational Framework¿ is proposed as an appropriate psycho-pedagogical approach to teaching and learning for MEMRG. This methodology is based on the theme of a ¿conversation¿ between different actors of the learning community with the objective of building the architectural framework for MEMRG. Various elements responsible for instructing and motivating learners in educational games are utilised in an instructional-motivational model. User interface design for the games incorporates an efficient navigation system that uses contextual information, and allows the players to move seamlessly between real and virtual worlds. The implementation of MEMRG using the Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) platform iii is presented. The hardware and software specification for the MEMRG implementation and deployment are also discussed. MEMRG has produced improvements in the different cognitive processes of the learner, and also produced a deeper level of learning through enculturation, externalising ideas, and socialising. Learners¿ enjoyment, involvement, motivation, autonomy and metacognition skills have improved. This research will assist developers and teachers to gain an insight into learning paradigms which utilise mobile game environments that are formed by mixing real and virtual spaces, and provide them with a vision for effectively incorporating these games into formal and informal classroom sessions

Designing interference-free wireless links using LCD-camera pairs

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010."June 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).Given the abundance of cameras and LCDs in today's environment, there exists an untapped opportunity for using these devices for communication. Specifically, cameras can tune to nearby LCDs and use them for network access. The key feature of these LCD-camera links is that they are highly directional and hence enable a form of interference-free wireless communication. This makes them an attractive technology for dense, high contention scenarios. The main challenge however, to enable such LCD-camera links is to maximize coverage, that is to deliver multiple Mb/s over multi-meter distances, independent of the view angle. To do so, these links need to address unique types of channel distortions such as perspective distortion and blur. This thesis explores this novel communication medium and presents PixNet, a system for transmitting information over LCD-camera links. PixNet generalizes the popular OFDM transmission algorithms to address the unique characteristics of the LCD-Camera links which include perspective distortion, blur and sensitivity to ambient light. We built a prototype of PixNet using off-the-shelf LCDs and cameras. An extensive evaluation shows that a single PixNet link delivers data rates of up to 12 Mb/s at a distance of 10 meters, and works with view angles as wide as 120.by Samuel David Perli.S.M