Legal Deposit Web Archives and the Digital Humanities: a Universe of Lost Opportunity?

Legal deposit libraries have archived the web for over a decade. Several nations, supported by legal deposit regu-lations, have introduced comprehensive national domain web crawling, an essential part of the national library re-mit to collect, preserve and make accessible a nation’s intellectual and cultural heritage (Brazier, 2016). Scholars have traditionally been the chief beneficiaries of legal de-posit collections: in the case of web archives, the poten-tial for research extends to contemporary materials, and to Digital Humanities text and data mining approaches. To date, however, little work has evaluated whether legal deposit regulations support computational approaches to research using national web archive data (Brügger, 2012; Hockx-Yu, 2014; Black, 2016). This paper examines the impact of electronic legal deposit (ELD) in the United Kingdom, particularly how the 2013 regulations influence innovative scholarship using the Legal Deposit UK Web Archive. As the first major case study to analyse the implementation of ELD, it will ad-dress the following key research questions:• • Is legal deposit, a concept defined and refined for print materials, the most suitable vehicle for suppor-ting DH research using web archives? • How does the current framing of ELD affect digital in-novation in the UK library sector? • How does the current information ecology, including not for-profit archives, influence the relationship between DH researchers and legal deposit libraries

Identifying the future direction of legal deposit in the United Kingdom:The <i>Digital Library Futures</i> approach

Purpose: To date, there has been little research into users of the Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations 2013. This paper addresses that gap by presenting key findings from the AHRC-funded Digital Library Futures project. Its purpose is to present a “user-centric” perspective on the potential future impact of the digital collections that are being created under electronic legal deposit regulations. Design/methodology/approach: The study utilises a mixed methods case study of two academic legal deposit libraries in the United Kingdom: The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford; and Cambridge University Library. It combines surveys of users, web log analysis and expert interviews with librarians and cognate professionals. Findings: User perspectives on NPLD were not fully considered in the planning and implementation of the 2013 regulations. The authors present findings from their user survey to show how contemporary tensions between user behaviour and access protocols risk limiting the instrumental value of NPLD collections, which have high perceived legacy value. Originality/value: This is the first study to address the user context for UK Non-Print Legal Deposit. Its value lies in presenting a research-led user assessment of NPLD and in proposing “user-centric” analysis as an addition to the existing “four pillars” of legal deposit research

Legal deposit of digital publications

Legal deposit is an obligation to deposit publications with specified depositories. The purpose of legal deposit is to preserve and provide long-term access to the national intellectual heritage. Extending legal deposit to digital publications presents many challenges for the framing of legislation, selection and acquisition of material, preservation and provision of access. The aim of this research was to: explore the potential issues related to the extension of UK legal deposit to digital publications and identify the implications for existing legal deposit arrangements. The research was based on Soft Systems Methodology. Data was gathered through two rounds of interviews with stakeholder groups, including legal deposit libraries, publishers, government and technical experts. Preservation is accepted as the main purpose of legal deposit, but there is some tension and lack of trust between publishers and legal deposit libraries on access to legal deposit collections. The new UK legal deposit law is enabling only; implementation will require further regulations that will be subject to detailed consultation and negotiation. While there has been a voluntary scheme in place for some time in the UK, the research found a lack of readiness amongst the UK legal deposit libraries. They still had to develop cooperative arrangements between themselves and publishers; policies, procedures, especially for online publications; and did not have all the necessary technical infrastructure in place. The deposit of digital publications is an extra role for legal deposit libraries and it is not clear that they will receive extra funding, as is the case in some other countries. There is currently no full-scale fully functional digital legal deposit system in the world. However, there are lessons to be learned from other legal deposit libraries and research and development work is providing partial solutions. The key issues are the need for communication and collaboration between UK legal deposit libraries and cooperation and trust between legal deposit libraries and publishers. Developments since the research was carried out demonstrate some progress in this. Without these, digital legal deposit cannot be successfully implemented in the UK. There is also a need to look at what the users require in terms to material collected and how it is preserved

Back to basics: Supporting digital humanities and community collaboration using the core strength of the academic library

© Emerald Publishing Limited 2018. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. Licensed re-use rights only. "Conditions of deposit – for journal articles and book chapters As a signatory of the Voluntary STM Sharing Principles, Emerald supports sharing research via affiliated Scholarly Collaboration Networks (SCNs) and other non-commercial research collaboration groups. If you have received direct funding with a mandate that stipulates your work must be made open access but funding is not available to pay an Article Processing Charge (APC), upon official publication, you may deposit the AAM of your journal article or book chapter into a subject or institutional repository and your funder's research catalogue, free from embargo. To deposit your AAM, you will need to include the DOI back to the Version of Record within www.emeraldinsight.com, and all of the relevant metadata (for journal articles: article title, journal name, volume, issue etc, for Book chapters: chapter title, book title, volume, issue etc.)."Peer ReviewedPurpose: To describe how academic libraries can support digital humanities (DH) research by leveraging established library values and strengths to provide support for preservation and access and physical and digital spaces for researchers and communities, specifically focused on cultural heritage collections. Design/methodology/approach: The experiences of the authors in collaborating with DH scholars and community organizations is discussed with references to the literature. The paper suggests how research libraries can use existing expertise and infrastructure to support the development of digital cultural heritage collections and DH research. Findings: Developing working collaborations with DH researchers and community organizations is a productive way to engage in impactful cultural heritage digital projects. It can aid resource allocation decisions to support active research, strategic goals, community needs and the development and preservation of unique, locally relevant collections. Libraries do not need to radically transform themselves to do this work, they have established strengths that can be effective in meeting the challenges of DH research. Practical implications: Academic libraries should strategically direct the work they already excel at to support DH research and work with scholars and communities to build collections and infrastructure to support these initiatives. Originality/value: The paper recommends practical approaches, supported by literature and local examples, that could be taken when building DH and community-engaged cultural heritage projects

UNL Libraries Deposit Programs

The University of Nebraska–Lincoln Libraries offers several avenues for preserving and providing access to digital and physical research materials. This document outlines the four main avenues for depositing materials with UNL Libraries. Although there are separate repositories with specific missions—Archives & Special Collections, DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska–Lincoln, UNL Data Repository, and UNL Image & Multimedia Collections—all work together toward the goal of preserving the intellectual and creative output of the university and to make our contributions discoverable to state, national, and international communities. This document describes the operations of each repository. The Libraries policy is to publish, or provide online access to, materials (1) when the Libraries holds copyright, (2) when the copyright holder has granted the Libraries permission for online publication, or (3) when the Libraries do not hold copyright but may manage access behind a firewall. The University Libraries is committed to preserving and providing access to the full range of in-tellectual contributions of the faculty and staff at UNL for the benefit of current and future gen-erations. All members of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln are encouraged to deposit content with UNL Libraries. Materials deposited in our institutional repositories are historical and not all historical events confirm to current standards of civility. As such, they may contain racial or sexual stereotypes that are inappropriate by today’s standards. They have been retained in order to fully represent the materials in their original context. All members of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln are encouraged to deposit content with UNL Libraries. Content can be nondigital items supplied to Archives & Special Collections or digital content deposited in the Data, Image & Multimedia Collections, Digital Commons repositories, or University Archives

02. Archiving for the Future (A, D, E)

This workshop is based on the open educational resource (OER) Archiving for the Future: Simple Steps for Archiving Language Documentation Collections (Kung et al. 2020), a short course designed to aid people of all backgrounds to confidently organize born-digital and digitized language materials and data for deposit into any digital repository or language archive for long-term preservation and accessibility. Workshop participants will learn 9 simple steps that they can do before, during, and after creating or collecting language materials; these steps will help them to understand data management, organization, and curation, which in turn will facilitate the deposit of language documentation materials in a digital repository or language archive. Participants will learn Differences between digital repositories and other types of storage or sharing platforms Ethical and legal considerations throughout data creation and archiving Data management strategies (e.g., file-naming strategies, informed consent, metadata collection, strategic file organization) Collection planning to facilitate re-use (e.g., identifying target users and creating collection guides) Strategies for managing access to sensitive data (e.g., access restriction techniques at various language archives and managing access in perpetuity)

Marketing Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech

Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech is managed as a service of the university’s Van Pelt and Opie Library. Michigan Technological University also subscribes to SelectedWorks, which the library also offers to manage for faculty. It is run by a relatively small staff, including a manager, copyright checker, and 2 student assistants. The major focus of repository growth is currently on developing collections of faculty publications for each college, school, and department on campus through fully mediated deposit. Serving nearly 500 academic staff, our team (dedicating roughly 1 FTE) has had to carefully negotiate how we advertise the Digital Commons and SelectedWorks services so that we continue to grow the repository in a responsive and sustainable fashion. With increasing support from library administration we are ready to offer Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech as a critical service to our scholarly community. This lightning talk will discuss several methods the Van Pelt and Opie Library staff have used over the past year to advertise the mediated deposit service, which includes complete rights checking, for Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech and SelectedWorks. These include presentations for faculty, print and digital mailings, and outreach through an online faculty newsletter. To be presented by Annelise Doll, Scholarly Communications and Repositories Librarian at Michigan Technological University\u27s Van Pelt and Opie Library

Marketing Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech

Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech is managed as a service of the university’s Van Pelt and Opie Library. Michigan Technological University also subscribes to SelectedWorks, which the library also offers to manage for faculty. It is run by a relatively small staff, including a manager, copyright checker, and 2 student assistants. The major focus of repository growth is currently on developing collections of faculty publications for each college, school, and department on campus through fully mediated deposit. Serving nearly 500 academic staff, our team (dedicating roughly 1 FTE) has had to carefully negotiate how we advertise the Digital Commons and SelectedWorks services so that we continue to grow the repository in a responsive and sustainable fashion. With increasing support from library administration we are ready to offer Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech as a critical service to our scholarly community. This lightning talk will discuss several methods the Van Pelt and Opie Library staff have used over the past year to advertise the mediated deposit service, which includes complete rights checking, for Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech and SelectedWorks. These include presentations for faculty, print and digital mailings, and outreach through an online faculty newsletter. To be presented by Annelise Doll, Scholarly Communications and Repositories Librarian at Michigan Technological University\u27s Van Pelt and Opie Library

Collection Development in the Digital Age: Changing Roles of the National Library of China

With the development of the National Digital Library Project, the National Library of China will collect more digital publications and promote the dissemination of Chinese publications to the world. The collection development policy will be revised in regular basis to reflect the latest development of librarianship in China. However, the general principle will not be changed: to preserve our cultural heritage and to provide service to the users

The LIFE2 final project report

Executive summary: The first phase of LIFE (Lifecycle Information For E-Literature) made a major contribution to understanding the long-term costs of digital preservation; an essential step in helping institutions plan for the future. The LIFE work models the digital lifecycle and calculates the costs of preserving digital information for future years. Organisations can apply this process in order to understand costs and plan effectively for the preservation of their digital collections The second phase of the LIFE Project, LIFE2, has refined the LIFE Model adding three new exemplar Case Studies to further build upon LIFE1. LIFE2 is an 18-month JISC-funded project between UCL (University College London) and The British Library (BL), supported by the LIBER Access and Preservation Divisions. LIFE2 began in March 2007, and completed in August 2008. The LIFE approach has been validated by a full independent economic review and has successfully produced an updated lifecycle costing model (LIFE Model v2) and digital preservation costing model (GPM v1.1). The LIFE Model has been tested with three further Case Studies including institutional repositories (SHERPA-LEAP), digital preservation services (SHERPA DP) and a comparison of analogue and digital collections (British Library Newspapers). These Case Studies were useful for scenario building and have fed back into both the LIFE Model and the LIFE Methodology. The experiences of implementing the Case Studies indicated that enhancements made to the LIFE Methodology, Model and associated tools have simplified the costing process. Mapping a specific lifecycle to the LIFE Model isn’t always a straightforward process. The revised and more detailed Model has reduced ambiguity. The costing templates, which were refined throughout the process of developing the Case Studies, ensure clear articulation of both working and cost figures, and facilitate comparative analysis between different lifecycles. The LIFE work has been successfully disseminated throughout the digital preservation and HE communities. Early adopters of the work include the Royal Danish Library, State Archives and the State and University Library, Denmark as well as the LIFE2 Project partners. Furthermore, interest in the LIFE work has not been limited to these sectors, with interest in LIFE expressed by local government, records offices, and private industry. LIFE has also provided input into the LC-JISC Blue Ribbon Task Force on the Economic Sustainability of Digital Preservation. Moving forward our ability to cost the digital preservation lifecycle will require further investment in costing tools and models. Developments in estimative models will be needed to support planning activities, both at a collection management level and at a later preservation planning level once a collection has been acquired. In order to support these developments a greater volume of raw cost data will be required to inform and test new cost models. This volume of data cannot be supported via the Case Study approach, and the LIFE team would suggest that a software tool would provide the volume of costing data necessary to provide a truly accurate predictive model