225 research outputs found
Rewritable routines in human interaction with public technology
In this paper, the cognitive ergonomics of using public technology is investigated. A methodology for predicting human error with technology has been developed. Predictions from the method (combined with observation of user performance) form the foundation of the concept of ârewritable routinesâ. This is in keeping with the tradition of building models of user cognition on the basis of observed and predicted errors. The concept is introduced and illustrated with examples. Implications for cognitive ergonomics are discussed
The role of visual management in collaborative integrated planning and control for engineer-to-order building systems
Visual Management is a key approach in the implementation of Lean Production. It emphasizes the importance of developing easy-to-understand visual devices for sharing knowledge within an organization. Such visual devices can play an important
role in mitigating the complexity of engineer-to-order production systems. A major difficulty in managing engineer-to-order prefabricated building systems is the need to
integrate planning and control of different processes, such as design, fabrication and assembly on site, in a multiple project environment. This paper reports preliminary findings on the implementation of visual devices for collaborative and integrated
planning and control in a Steel Fabricator, which designs, fabricates and assembles steel structures. The aim of this paper is to understand how visual management tools can contribute to improve the effectiveness of planning and control in this
environment. A set of visual devices have been used in the planning and control system in this company, including a panel that makes available information about 200 simultaneous contracts in an easy-to-understand way. The implementation of those tools has enhanced the participation of different people in the planning process from operational levels or from the different production units
Hard or soft: Planning on medium size construction projects
Some data suggest that the approach to planning in construction seeks to impose a managed future on construction work by providing plans which are strictly time scheduled and produced by initially identifying those activities which are critical to the plan and allowing other activities to âfit inâ to this critical path. This is referred to in the paper as âhardâ planning. The paper seeks to demonstrate that the reality for some managers and planners is that the planning process is âsoftâ and that in producing plans they seek initially to take account of the vast uncertainties of construction by removing criticality from all activities. The paper is based on data obtained from longitudinal case study research of four live, medium size, projects in the North East of England. The data analysis uses the Grounded Theory approach
Children's Planning Performance in the Zoo Map Task (BADS-C) : Is It Driven by General Cognitive Ability, Executive Functioning, or Prospection?
Preparation of this article was partially funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF; 100014_152841) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC; RGPIN-2015-03774).Peer reviewedPostprin
Both Generic Design and Different Forms of Designing
This paper defends an augmented cognitively oriented "generic-design
hypothesis": There are both significant similarities between the design
activities implemented in different situations and crucial differences between
these and other cognitive activities; yet, characteristics of a design
situation (i.e., related to the designers, the artefact, and other task
variables influencing these two) introduce specificities in the corresponding
design activities and cognitive structures that are used. We thus combine the
generic-design hypothesis with that of different "forms" of designing. In this
paper, outlining a number of directions that need further elaboration, we
propose a series of candidate dimensions underlying such forms of design
Distributed intelligent control and management (DICAM) applications and support for semi-automated development
We have recently begun a 4-year effort to develop a new technology foundation and associated methodology for the rapid development of high-performance intelligent controllers. Our objective in this work is to enable system developers to create effective real-time systems for control of multiple, coordinated entities in much less time than is currently required. Our technical strategy for achieving this objective is like that in other domain-specific software efforts: analyze the domain and task underlying effective performance, construct parametric or model-based generic components and overall solutions to the task, and provide excellent means for specifying, selecting, tailoring or automatically generating the solution elements particularly appropriate for the problem at hand. In this paper, we first present our specific domain focus, briefly describe the methodology and environment we are developing to provide a more regular approach to software development, and then later describe the issues this raises for the research community and this specific workshop
Modelling the relationship between planning, control, perception and execution behaviours in interactive worksystems
This paper presents a model of planning carried out by interactive worksystems which attempts: 1. To describe the relationship between planning, control, perception and execution behaviours; 2. To make explicit how these may be distributed across the user and physically separate devices. Such a model, it is argued, is more suitable to support HCI design practice than theories of planning in cognitive science which focus on problem-solving methods and representations. To demonstrate the application of the model to work situations, it is illustrated by examples drawn from an observational study of secretarial office administration
Collaborative design : managing task interdependencies and multiple perspectives
This paper focuses on two characteristics of collaborative design with
respect to cooperative work: the importance of work interdependencies linked to
the nature of design problems; and the fundamental function of design
cooperative work arrangement which is the confrontation and combination of
perspectives. These two intrinsic characteristics of the design work stress
specific cooperative processes: coordination processes in order to manage task
interdependencies, establishment of common ground and negotiation mechanisms in
order to manage the integration of multiple perspectives in design
A Cognitive Approach to Narrative Planning with Believable Characters
In this work, we address the question of generating understandable narratives using a cognitive approach. The requirements of cognitive plausibility are presented. Then an abduction-based cognitive model of the human deliberative reasoning ability is presented. We believe that implementing such a procedure in a narrative context to generate plans would increase the chances that the characters will be perceived as believable. Our suggestion is that the use of a deliberative reasoning procedure can be used as a basis of several strategies to generate interesting stories
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