Preparation and characterization of a powder manufactured by spray drying milk based formulations for the delivery of theophylline for pediatric use

The study considered different fat content cow milks to deliver theophylline orally. Powders were obtained by spray drying theophylline dispersed in fresh milk according to a full factorial design of experiments. The correlation of the independent (milk fat content, skimmed to whole milk, theophylline fraction, and drying temperature) with the dependent (yield of the process and residual moisture content of the powder, particle size and distribution, density, surface polarity and theophylline content) variables enabled the construction of a mathematical model and a desirability function to predict the optimized levels of the variables. Good predictability was achieved for density, fairly good for yield, moisture content, surface polarity and yield whereas theophylline content and particle size were poorly predicted. Powders with up to 60% theophylline presented spherical (3.7 \ub5m) and narrow sized distribution particles, with high density (1.6 g/cm 123) in high yields (>70%), stable for 6 month (25 \ub0C/65%RH) in a closed container and for no longer than 2 day, after reconstitution in water due to bacteria growth (no pathogens) without signs of crystallinity. Preparations obtained with low fat milk were less stable than high fat content milk. Therefore, fresh milk can be transformed into stable powder compositions to prepare oral solid/liquid dosage forms to deliver individualized doses of theophylline

Reconstruction of the bottom current strength of overflow water through the Faeroe-Shetland Channel in relation to climate change during the last 135,000 years

The focus of this thesis was to reconstruct the bottom current strength around the Faeroe Islands and relate it to the climate variability over the past 35,000 - 135,000 years and the Holocene, using the piston core, JM11-FI-19PC, from the North-eastern shelf of the Faeroe Islands. The core location is ideal for measuring the overflow from the Nordic Seas, as it is strategically placed on top of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. The investigated time interval includes the last glacial cycle, Weichselian, as well as the Holocene and Eemian. The results are based on sortable silt analysis, IRD and tephra counts, as well as material from previous studies of the investigated core. The results from this thesis is linking higher bottom current strength with interstadials throughout the Weichselian ice age, but also demonstrating that the circulation around the Faeroe Islands never ceased, but reversed. Material from other sources have provided evidence for a warm, subsurface current entering the Nordic Seas during stadials, and the results from this thesis demonstrate that there was a weaker current flowing over the investigated core during stadials. The bottom current strength measured in the results show clear relations to the climatic variabilities throughout the last glacial cycle, and also strongly suggest vertical shifts of currents and water masses, that are likely to be connected to the relative sea level

GVSU Press Releases, 2009

A compilation of press releases for the year 2009 submitted by University Communications (formerly News & Information Services) to news agencies concerning the people, places, and events related to Grand Valley State University

A Chemical Interpretation of GSML Programs

International audienceGSML is a programming language that has been designed for grid end-users to overcome the programming hurdle and the high learning curve associated with Grid infrastructures that are complex distributed computing systems. This paper defines its formal semantics in terms of a chemical programming language called HOCL. This translation of GSML programs into HOCL gives a precise definition of the concepts of GSML, especially sessions. The semantics also bridges the GSML and chemical computing paradigms