Narrating anger and sympathy in the condition of england: the role of emotion in mid-nineteenth-century politics and fiction

The Condition-of-England Question - a series of discussions that involve commentary on the state of relations between disparate groups and classed subjects - contains a nexus of competing and overlapping discourses, as well as an attention to feelings such as anger and to the comnumication of feeling that comprises sympathy. It evolves through the interrogative methodologies of moral philosophy, Romantic idealism, political radicalism, and the cultural assumptions that guide literary production and consumption. Condition-of-England novels, such as Elizabeth Gaskell' s Mmy Barton (1848) and Charles Kingsley's Alton Locke (1850), demonstrate the Carlylean premise that moral and social improvements within the body politic require a mediated reaction to the escalating discontent that characterized the nation in the period surrounding the reform acts. In this dissertation I analyze how authors and political leaders are impelled to address social and political problems through the representation of feeling and its communication. This dissertation affirms that anger, existing as a potentially corrective call for attention and action, is elemental for the formation of collective identities based on class or political beliefs. As such, it remains pertinent to Victorian debates of political reform and representation. In literary culture, anger and sympathy are conceptualized as narrative forces by which to address the declining spiritual and material conditions of England; they become considerations in the organization of plot lines or episodes, and they exist, whether named or not, in descriptions of literary protagonists, political leaders, and philosophers. Using an interdisciplinary approach that includes social history, philosophy, theories of emotion, close readings, and rhetorical analysis, I examine the epistemology of feeling and its relation to social and political critique by comparing the philosophical and practical continuities between discourses of the sentiments and passions in the eighteenth century with discourses of feeling in the mid-nineteenth century. This includes extending my scope not only to include novels, but also philosophical treatises, periodical publications, and serialized fiction. My focus does not lie with envisioning anger as something adversative to sympathy, as much philosophical and sociological critique has implied, but in whether antisocial feelings such as anger have acknowledged social benefits. If sympathy is not any one feeling, but the interpersonal communication of feeling, then the changing discourses of sympathy in the nineteenth century imply a rethinking of the social functions of all emotion, including anger

"In the general interest of peace" - British international lawyers and the Spanish civil war

The first section of this study examines the establishment of the international non-intervention agreement and of the London Committee and their combined neutralizing effect on the League of Nations in the light of a series of underlying factors, including the European powers´ leaning towards neutrality in the late interwar period. The second section reviews the core issues and different doctrinal positions present in the international legal debates triggered by the Spanish Civil War. It pays particular attention to the contributions of the first two British judges at the International Court of Justice, A. D. McNair (1946-1955) and H. Lauterpacht (1955-1960) to these debates. Their writings can be seen as respectively representative of the two stages through which British international lawyers went in the international legal debates on the Spanish Civil War. Upto early 1938, British International lawyers adopted a characteristically apologetic approach to the policy undertaken by the British Government on the advice of the British Foreign Office. The second stage, from early 1938 to the end of the Spanish Civil War in March 1939, was in turn informed by a “practitioner´s approach” to the analysis of the domestic cases brought before the British courts as a result of the hostilities. The article concludes with a brief analysis of the case for British “benevolent neutrality to the Nationalists”26 in the Spanish Civil War, reviewing the underlying motives which historians have highlighted as lurking behind the British-led non-intervention policy in the Spanish Civil War

Romanticism and Women Poets: Opening the Doors of Reception

One of the most exciting developments in Romantic studies in the past decade has been the rediscovery and repositioning of women poets as vital and influential members of the Romantic literary community. This is the first volume to focus on women poets of this era and to consider how their historical reception challenges current conceptions of Romanticism. With a broad, revisionist view, the essays examine the poetry these women produced, what the poets thought about themselves and their place in the contemporary literary scene, and what the recovery of their works says about current and past theoretical frameworks. The contributors focus their attention on such poets as Felicia Hemans, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Charlotte Smith, Anna Barbauld, Mary Lamb, and Fanny Kemble and argue for a significant rethinking of Romanticism as an intellectual and cultural phenomenon. Grounding their consideration of the poets in cultural, social, intellectual, and aesthetic concerns, the authors contest the received wisdom about Romantic poetry, its authors, its themes, and its audiences. Some of the essays examine the ways in which many of the poets sought to establish stable positions and identities for themselves, while others address the changing nature over time of the reputations of these women poets. Harriet Kramer Linkin, associate professor of English at New Mexico State University, is coeditor of Approaches to Teaching British Women Poets of the Romantic Period. Stephen C. Behrendt, George Holmes Distinguished Professor of English at the University of Nebraska, is author of Royal Mourning and Regency Culture. This volume takes an important step toward redefining the literary mainstream of the Romantic period. —Choice Discloses a much more populous Romantic period that we have yet been accustomed to study and teach. . . . This impressively coherent collection of essays presents a united front in arguing for a long-needed expansion of the Romantic canon, recognizing women\u27s valuable contributions to its most popular poetic genres. —Eighteenth-Century Women Those teaching women poets of the Romantic period must address a number of questions: What was the initial reception of these poets? Why did they fade from public consciousness? What circumstances have led to renewed interest in these writers today? This volume will help us address these issues subtly and creatively. —Elizabeth Kraft, University of Georgia Offers a range of positions and methods that challenge many of the major currents in scholarship on romantic women writers. These challenges are fresh, exciting, and absolutely necessary if the study of women writers in the romantic period is to have a vital intellectual future. —Mary Favret, Indiana University Absolutely must be read. —Romanticism on the Net An excellent collection. —Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 This valuable and wide-ranging collection will provide the reader with ample material for further investigation. —Times Literary Supplementhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_english_language_and_literature_british_isles/1064/thumbnail.jp

Alfred of Wessex a study in accidental greatness.

This thesis examines the application of the epithet great to King Alfred of Wessex (r. 871--899). It sets a standard for greatness within the context of early medieval Christian kingship, applies it to Alfred, and then compares Alfred to Charlemagne and Charles the Bald. It traces the development of the cult of Alfred from his own lifetime to the early twentieth century. It examines the mythical achievements of Alfred and how they developed, then summarizes his actual accomplishments, and compares them to the standard for greatness developed in the thesis

Experiences of Illegitimacy in England, 1660-1834

This thesis examines attitudes towards individuals who were born illegitimate in England between the Restoration in 1660 and the New Poor Law of 1834. It explores the impact of illegitimacy on individuals' experiences of family and social life, marriage and occupational opportunities, and sense of identity. This thesis demonstrates that illegitimacy did have a negative impact, but that this was not absolute. The stigma of illegitimacy operated along a spectrum, varying according to the type of parental relationship, the child's gender and, most importantly, the family's socio-economic status. Socio-economic status became more significant as an arbiter of attitudes towards the end of the period. This project uses a range of qualitative evidence - correspondence, life-writing, poor law records, novels, legal and religious tracts, and newspapers - to examine the impact of illegitimacy across the entire life-cycle, moving away from previous historiographical emphasis on unmarried parenthood, birth and infancy. This approach adds nuance to a field dominated by poor law and Foundling Hospital evidence, and prioritises material written by illegitimate individuals themselves. This thesis also has resonance for historical understanding of wider aspects of long-eighteenth-century society, such as the nature of parenthood, family, gender, or emotion, and the operation of systems of classification and 'othering'. This thesis demonstrates that definitions of parenthood and family were flexible enough to include illegitimate relationships. The effect of illegitimacy on marital and occupational opportunities indicates how systems of patronage and familial alliance operated in this period, as well as the importance of inheritance, birth or familial connection as measures of social status. Finally, it questions the assumption that condemnation of illicit sex led to community exclusion of the illegitimate child, and calls for more nuanced understandings of how historians measure and define shame and stigma

Content Analysis Of The Journal Of Historical Research In Music Education: 1980-2019

The purpose of this descriptive study is to explore the trends in historical research over a period of forty years (1980-2019) as presented in peer-revieJournal of Historical Research in Music Education (JHRME). This content analysis is geared towards examining categories of research conducted particularly within the last decade (2010-2019) with comparisons to previous studies. Adopting categories and definitions from Heller (1985), McCarthy (1999, 2012), and Stabler (1986), five questions guide the focus of investigation to include historical periods of study (e.g., 20th century), individuals, events, outcomes, and process variables, i.e., the teacher, the learner, the interaction of the teacher and the learner, the content of instruction, and the environment of instruction. Seventy-nine articles published between 2010 and 2019 were read, categorized, and codified. Cliometric analysis is conducted to note trends in biographies, curricular methods and materials, music education development, and historiography. Title analysis and non-random, purposive sampling of the 204 articles published between 1980 and 2009 is done to compare examples with findings from this study and that of McCarthy (1999, 2012). Of the five process variables, three are noted as having consistently high frequencies of exploration. However, one category is significantly underserved both in focus and in measurement of effectiveness of music education over time in the United States and Internationally. Noting the actors, social history, and new historicism, the challenge is presented to researchers to extend the focus of research to include voices not yet represented in the literature, often unrecognized due to geographic, linguistic, and cultural barriers

Displacement, migration and forms of encounter in European Women's Poetry between the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century

The dissertation investigates the role of women’s poetry in Britain and in other European countries, such as Spain and Italy, between the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth Century with particular reference to texts that deal with experiences of displacement and migration. The project explores women’s poetical works in relation to the historical period they were produced, and as an important element for considering literature as a cultural product promoting policy of gender equality. The research will demonstrate to what extent the literary corpus under scrutiny enabled European women poets (as travellers, migrants or as observers of various forms of migration) to resist oppression coming from dominant power relationships. Though figuring as excluded subjectivities, women writers gave voice to new ways of expressing social needs in a patriarchal and conservative society. These texts generated new forms of representing migration as means of dislocation but also encounter with new realities. Drawing from feminist theories that move from, Friedman, Scott, Kristeva, and many other literary and feminist scholars, the project will refer to a wide range of poetical texts written by women writers which deal with migration as a multidimensional and multiperspective phenomenon. The aim of this investigation is to shed a new light on the experience of women migrants and how this experience is mediated by and filtered through their eyes and elaborated in their poetics. Finally, the dissertation intends to explore the ways in which the creation and expression of poetry by women also convey a representation of a subject in transit who crosses geographic and symbolic boundaries while questioning gendered roles and rule