Design concepts for the development of cooperative problem-solving systems

There are many problem-solving tasks that are too complex to fully automate given the current state of technology. Nevertheless, significant improvements in overall system performance could result from the introduction of well-designed computer aids. We have been studying the development of cognitive tools for one such problem-solving task, enroute flight path planning for commercial airlines. Our goal was two-fold. First, we were developing specific systems designs to help with this important practical problem. Second, we are using this context to explore general design concepts to guide in the development of cooperative problem-solving systems. These designs concepts are described

Design of a cooperative problem-solving system for enroute flight planning: An empirical study of its use by airline dispatchers

In a previous report, an empirical study of 30 pilots using the Flight Planning Testbed was reported. An identical experiment using the Flight Planning Testbed (FPT), except that 27 airline dispatchers were studied, is described. Five general questions were addressed in this study: (1) under what circumstances do the introduction of computer-generated suggestions (flight plans) influence the planning behavior of dispatchers (either in a beneficial or adverse manner); (2) what is the nature of such influences (i.e., how are the person's cognitive processes changed); (3) how beneficial are the general design concepts underlying FPT (use of a graphical interface, embedding graphics in a spreadsheet, etc.); (4) how effective are the specific implementation decisions made in realizing these general design concepts; and (5) how effectively do dispatchers evaluate situations requiring replanning, and how effectively do they identify appropriate solutions to these situations

Enroute flight planning: The design of cooperative planning systems

Design concepts and principles to guide in the building of cooperative problem solving systems are being developed and evaluated. In particular, the design of cooperative systems for enroute flight planning is being studied. The investigation involves a three stage process, modeling human performance in existing environments, building cognitive artifacts, and studying the performance of people working in collaboration with these artifacts. The most significant design concepts and principles identified thus far are the principle focus

Enroute flight planning: Evaluating design concepts for the development of cooperative problem-solving concepts

The goals of this research were to develop design concepts to support the task of enroute flight planning. And within this context, to explore and evaluate general design concepts and principles to guide the development of cooperative problem solving systems. A detailed model is to be developed of the cognitive processes involved in flight planning. Included in this model will be the identification of individual differences of subjects. Of particular interest will be differences between pilots and dispatchers. The effect will be studied of the effect on performance of tools that support planning at different levels of abstraction. In order to conduct this research, the Flight Planning Testbed (FPT) was developed, a fully functional testbed environment for studying advanced design concepts for tools to aid in flight planning

Las igualdades incorrectas producidas en el proceso de traducción algebraico: un catálogo de errores

Propongo un catálogo para los errores que puedan encontrarse al realizar el proceso de traducción algebraico. El catálogo consta de tres categorías: errores en el uso de letras, errores en la construcción de expresiones algebraicas y errores en la construcción de la igualdad. Constaté la validez del catálogo con las igualdades incorrectas producidas por 258 estudiantes de bachillerato que trabajaron 13 problemas. Encontré que las producciones persistentes dan cuenta de una parte sustantiva del error total y que estas producciones contienen errores de las categorías antes citadas. Además, determinados errores se podrían asociar con tipos de problemas

Meanings given to algebraic symbolism in problem posing

Some errors in the learning of algebra suggest students have difficulties giving meaning to algebraic symbolism. In this paper, we use problem posing in order to analyze the students’ capacity to assign meaning to algebraic symbolism and the difficulties that students encounter in this process depending on the characteristics of the algebraic statements given. We designed a written questionnaire composed of eight closed algebraic statements expressed symbolically, which was administered to 55 students who had finished their compulsory education and that had some previous experience in problem posing. In our analysis of the data, we examine both syntactic and semantic structures of the problem posed. We note that in most cases students posed problems with syntactic structures different to those given. They did not include computations within variables, and changed the kinds of relationships connecting variables. Students easily posed problems for statements with additive structures. Other differences in the type of problems posed depend on the characteristics of the given statements

Las igualdades incorrectas producidas en el proceso de traducción algebraico: un catálogo de errores

Propongo un catálogo para los errores que puedan encontrarse al realizar el proceso de traducción algebraico. El catálogo consta de tres categorías: errores en el uso de letras, errores en la construcción de expresiones algebraicas y errores en la construcción de la igualdad. Constaté la validez del catálogo con las igualdades incorrectas producidas por 258 estudiantes de bachillerato que trabajaron 13 problemas. Encontré que las producciones persistentes dan cuenta de una parte sustantiva del error total y que estas producciones contienen errores de las categorías antes citadas. Además, determinados errores se podrían asociar con tipos de problemas. Incorrect equalities developed in the algebraic translation process: a catalog of errors We propose a catalogue for errors that can be found in the process of algebraic translation. This catalogue consists of three categories: errors in the use of letters, errors in the construction of algebraic expressions and errors in the construction of the equal sign between two algebraic expressions. We contrasted the utility of the catalogue with the incorrect equalities produced by 258 students aged between 15 and 18. Finally, we found that a great part of the total error can be explained by means of persistent productions in which we can find errors belonging to the three categories of the catalogue. Furthermore, it is possible to conclude that some kinds of errors were related to specific types of problems.Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/3499Nº de citas en WOS (2017): 7 (Citas de 2º orden, 9)Nº de citas en SCOPUS (2017): 3 (Citas de 2º orden, 4

Difficulties to semantically congruent translation of verbally and symbolically represented algebraic statements

This paper describes the difficulties faced by a group of middle school students (13- to 15-year-olds) attempting to translate algebraic statements written in verbal language into symbolic language and vice-versa. The data used were drawn from their replies to a written quiz and semi-structured interviews. In the former students were confronted with a series of algebraic statements and asked to choose the sole translation, of four proposed for each, that was semantically congruent with the original. The results show that most of the errors detected were due to arithmetic issues, especially around the distinction between product and exponent or sum and product in connection with the notions of perimeter and area. As a rule, the error distribution by type varied depending on the type of task involved