On Ramsey properties of classes with forbidden trees

Let F be a set of relational trees and let Forbh(F) be the class of all structures that admit no homomorphism from any tree in F; all this happens over a fixed finite relational signature $\sigma$. There is a natural way to expand Forbh(F) by unary relations to an amalgamation class. This expanded class, enhanced with a linear ordering, has the Ramsey property.Comment: Keywords: forbidden substructure; amalgamation; Ramsey class; partite method v2: changed definition of expanded class; v3: final versio

The Ramsey Number for 3-Uniform Tight Hypergraph Cycles

Let C(3)n denote the 3-uniform tight cycle, that is, the hypergraph with vertices v1, .–.–., vn and edges v1v2v3, v2v3v4, .–.–., vn−1vnv1, vnv1v2. We prove that the smallest integer N = N(n) for which every red–blue colouring of the edges of the complete 3-uniform hypergraph with N vertices contains a monochromatic copy of C(3)n is asymptotically equal to 4n/3 if n is divisible by 3, and 2n otherwise. The proof uses the regularity lemma for hypergraphs of Frankl and Rödl

The Existence of Exactlym-Coloured Complete Subgraphs

AbstractGiven a graphG, its edges are said to be exactlyx-coloured if we have a surjective map from the edges to some set of colours of sizex. Erickson considered the following statement which he denotedP(c,m): if the edges ofKω—the complete graph on vertex set N—are exactlyc-coloured, then there exists an infinite complete subgraph ofKωwhose edges are exactlym-coloured. Ramsey's Theorem states thatP(c,m) is true form=1 and allc⩾1, and can easily be used to show thatP(c,m) holds whenm=2 andc⩾2. Erickson conjectured thatP(c,m) is false wheneverc>m⩾3. We prove that givenm⩾3 there exists an integerC(m) such thatP(c,m) is false for allc⩾C(m)

On the structure of graphs with forbidden induced substructures

One of the central goals in extremal combinatorics is to understand how the global structure of a combinatorial object, e.g. a graph, hypergraph or set system, is affected by local constraints. In this thesis we are concerned with structural properties of graphs and hypergraphs which locally do not look like some type of forbidden induced pattern. Patterns can be single subgraphs, families of subgraphs, or in the multicolour version colourings or families of colourings of subgraphs. Erdős and Szekeres\u27s quantitative version of Ramsey\u27s theorem asserts that in every $2$-edge-colouring of the complete graph on $n$ vertices there is a monochromatic clique on at least $\frac{1}{2}\log n$ vertices. The famous Erdős-Hajnal conjecture asserts that forbidding fixed colourings on subgraphs ensures much larger monochromatic cliques. The conjecture is open in general, though a few partial results are known. The first part of this thesis will be concerned with different variants of this conjecture: A bipartite variant, a multicolour variant, and an order-size variant for hypergraphs. In the second part of this thesis we focus more on order-size pairs; an order-size pair $(n,e)$ is the family consisting of all graphs of order $n$ and size $e$, i.e. on $n$ vertices with $e$ edges. We consider order-size pairs in different settings: The graph setting, the bipartite setting and the hypergraph setting. In all these settings we investigate the existence of absolutely avoidable pairs, i.e. fixed pairs that are avoided by all order-size pairs with sufficiently large order, and also forcing densities of order-size pairs $(m,f)$, i.e. for $n$ approaching infinity, the limit superior of the fraction of all possible sizes $e$, such that the order-size pair $(n,e)$ does not avoid the pair $(m,f)$

Turán-Ramsey theorems and simple asymptotically extremal structures

This paper is a continuation of [10], where P. Erdos, A. Hajnal, V. T. Sos. and E. Szemeredi investigated the following problem: Assume that a so called forbidden graph L and a function f(n) = o(n) are fixed. What is the maximum number of edges a graph G(n) on n vertices can have without containing L as a subgraph, and also without having more than f(n) independent vertices? This problem is motivated by the classical Turan and Ramsey theorems, and also by some applications of the Turin theorem to geometry, analysis (in particular, potential theory) [27 29], [11-13]. In this paper we are primarily interested in the following problem. Let (G(n)) be a graph sequence where G(n) has n vertices and the edges of G(n) are coloured by the colours chi1,...,chi(r), so that the subgraph of colour chi(nu) contains no complete subgraph K(pnu), (nu = 1,...,r). Further, assume that the size of any independent set in G(n) is o(n) (as n --> infinity). What is the maximum number of edges in G(n) under these conditions? One of the main results of this paper is the description of a procedure yielding relatively simple sequences of asymptotically extremal graphs for the problem. In a continuation of this paper we shall investigate the problem where instead of alpha(G(n)) = o(n) we assume the stronger condition that the maximum size of a K(p)-free induced subgraph of G(n) is o(n)