The Role of Technology Pivots in Software Startups: Antecedents and Consequences

Software startups implement and deploy innovative software-based products and services, for which they are in search of a viable and scalable business model. In the well-established Lean Startup Approach, pivoting – testing new fundamental hypotheses about a product, strategy, or engine of growth – is a standard method applied in this process. Failing to pivot at the right time and for the right reasons can substantially jeopardize a startup’s chance to develop into a viable business. Given the alleged importance of pivots, surprisingly little is known about the events leading up to and resulting from pivots. Our study starts to fill this gap in theoretical knowledge by empirically investigating the circumstances under which it is beneficial to perform pivots and what to expect from them for product development, business model development and innovation. Focusing on technology pivots – one specific type of pivot – we use an embedded inductive multi-case research design to propose a preliminary model that identifies three prerequisites, five antecedent and nine consequence categories of technology pivots. Lastly, we discuss the impact of technology pivots on individual business model dimensions

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI JASA LAUNDRY DENGAN METODE EXTREME PROGRAMMING (XP) BERBASIS ANDROID

One of the businesses that has currently penetrated the market is the laundry business. With a sizable income, the laundry business is increasingly in demand by many people as a main or side business. Viky Laundry is one of the laundry places that has customers every day considering its strategic location, which is near residential areas. Unfortunately, in the process, Viky Laundry still uses manual methods without using a computer system as a tool. Therefore, research was conducted to design an Android-based laundry service application that is more effective and provides time efficiency for the laundry shuttle process, records incoming and outgoing clothes, and provides information about Viky Laundry itself. The research methods used include literature study, interviews, design and testing. The software development model used in this research is the Extreme Programming (XP) method. The technology used, then produced an application where customers easily and practically do the laundry process and laundry owners will more easily receive orders from customers. And for laundry entrepreneurs also with the existence of this application helps in recording incoming and outgoing clothes. Based on the results of interviews, and black box testing, the application made is quite helpful for laundry entrepreneurs and laundry customers

Inventory Management for Sports Equipment: Agile Project Management

The goal of this Agile software development project is to create an application to manage the inventory and the rental process of an on-campus organization. At the start of the project, I met with the client to understand their current business processes, which were largely paper-based. I then undertook a requirement capture process to better understand the features needed in the envisaged software application, making sure to keep close contact with the customer. A design phase was started using an Agile Modeling approach to create a minimal model that primarily outlines the behavior of the software application, relying mainly on UML sequence diagrams and GUI mockups/state diagrams. After each check-in with the client the design was modified accordingly. The main objective is to practice the Agile methodology to its fullest, both in the overall project management and, especially, in the development and testing phases

A Method for Developing Model to Text Transformations

In the field of business process development, model transformations play a key role, for example for moving from business process models to either code or inputs for simulation systems, as well as to convert models expressed with notation A into equivalent models expressed with notation B. In the literature, many cases of useful transformations of business process models can be found. However, in general each transformation has been developed in an ad-hoc fashion, at a quite low-level, and its quality is often neglected. To ensure the quality of the transformations is important to apply to them all the well-known software engineering principles and practices, from the requirements definition to the testing activities. For this reason, we propose a method, MeDMoT, for developing non-trivial Model to Text Transformations, which prescribes how to: (1) capture and specify the transformation requirements; (2) design the transformation, (3) implement the transformation and (4) test the transformation. The method has been applied in several case studies, including a transformation of UML business processes into inputs for an agent-based simulator

Experiences with formal engineering: model-based specification, implementation and testing of a software bus at Neopost

We report on the actual industrial use of formal methods during the development of a software bus. During an internship at Neopost Inc., of 14 weeks, we developed the server component of a software bus, called the XBus, using formal methods during the design, validation and testing phase: we modeled our design of the XBus in the process algebra mCRL2, validated the design using the mCRL2-simulator, and fully automatically tested our implementation with the model-based test tool JTorX. This resulted in a well- tested software bus with a maintainable architecture. Writing the model (mdev), simulating it, and testing the implementation with JTorX only took 17% of the total development time. Moreover, the errors found with model-based testing would have been hard to find with conventional test methods. Thus, we show that formal engineering can be feasible, beneficial and cost-effective.\ud The findings above, reported earlier by us in (Sijtema et al., 2011) [1], were well- received, also in industrially oriented conferences (Ferreira and Romanenko, 2010) [2] and [3]. In this paper, we look back on the case study, and carefully analyze its merits and shortcomings. We reflect on (1) the added benefits of model checking, (2) model completeness and (3) the quality and performance of the test process.\ud Thus, in a second phase, after the internship, we model checked the XBus protocol—this was not done in [1] since the Neopost business process required a working implementation after 14 weeks. We used the CADP tool evaluator4 to check the behavioral requirements obtained during the development. Model checking did not uncover errors in model mdev, but revealed that model mdev was neither complete nor optimized: in particular, requirements to the so-called bad weather behavior (exceptions, unexpected inputs, etc.) were missing. Therefore, we created several improved models, checked that we could validate them, and used them to analyze quality and performance of the test process. Model checking was expensive: it took us approx. 4 weeks in total, compared to 3 weeks for the entire model-based testing approach during the internship.\ud In the second phase, we analyzed the quality and performance of the test process, where we looked at both code and model coverage. We found that high code coverage (almost 100%) is in most cases obtained within 1000 test steps and 2 minutes, which matches the fact that the faults in the XBus were discovered within a few minutes.\ud Summarizing, we firmly believe that the formal engineering approach is cost-effective, and produces high quality software products. Model checking does yield significantly better models, but is also costly. Thus, system developers should trade off higher model quality against higher costs

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI KEPEGAWAIAN DI KECAMATAN CIPARAY KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Management of personnel data that are running in the Public and Civil Service Sub District of Ciparay still semi computerization is using Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. The situation with the Public and Civil Service Sub Division that one function of implementing the collection, processing, storage and maintenance of data, as well as documentation of personnel, takes a long time in its data management processes. Of these problems led to the idea to create a personnel information system design. This design is expected to help the developer at the development stage of the system. The design includes process management and staffing data storage that consists of employee personal data, benefits information and personnel data as well as the reporting process and mail (SKUM and SK). The study was conducted using data collection methods, and methods of approach and development of the system. System approach used is object-oriented systems approach, using tools Unified Modeling Language (UML), a method using a model system development Rapid Application Development (RAD), which consists of the Business Modeling, Data Modeling, Application Generation, Testing and Turnover. Language programming using PHP Framework Laravel based Model View Controller (MVC), the database processing using MySQL and web server XAMPP, validation data on the level from can ensure validation of input data well, implementation of the system based on MVC makes the programming process became more organized and orderly, and the use of software testing with Black-Box Testing focused on the functional requirements of the software, as well as based on the level of form validation. With the design is expected to be a reference for the developer and can proceed to the next stage which is the stage of implementation by the developer. Keywords: SIMPEG, Laravel, MVC, Personnel, RAD, UM

Adopting CBD with reuse in the KEZB e-commerce website development by using wordpress CMS application

The development of e-Commerce website is complex and time consuming. It required specific amount of technical knowledge and very costly in order to successfully develop a complete beautiful e-Commerce website. However, these days, there is a new Software Engineering (SE) strategy introduced replacing the traditional way of developing website by automating the development process. This strategy promoted the use of reusable component to develop a complete website named Component-Based Development (CBD) design strategy. Unfortunately, still there are many organizations or business entities that keeps on invest in high cost website development. An adoption of CBD approach can actually reduce the development time and cost. The software project of KEZB e-Commerce Website development is used as case study case in this report. This project focuses on adopting a CBD design strategy by using WordPress Content Management System (CMS) to develop the e-Commerce website. On top of that, other SE practices such as standard documentation, modelling technique, and development model is used throughout the development lifecycle. The selection of these practices is according to characteristics of project and organization’s nature. There are two (2) processes introduced in CBD design strategy which are design for reuse and design with reuse. In this project, the e-Commerce website will be designed and developed by adopting the design with reuse process by using selected design tools. The largely used design tool that follows the key concept of reuse is CMS. CMS is a developing tools or computer application that enables the creation and alteration of the digital content easily without the need of technical knowledge. The standard for documentation used in this project is the DoD Standard. At the end of this project Software Requirement Specification (SRS) and Software Design Document (SDD) are produced. Waterfall model is selected as a development methodology which comprises of Requirement, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing and Deployment phase. However, Testing phase is not conducted in this project due to time constraint. Other than that, UML modelling technique is used as a notation in developing the analysis and design model. Overall, the CBD design strategy with reuse process can rapid the development process and ensure a high quality software product; CMS application is a cost effective and helpful development tools; and software documentation and methodology can be used to manage and keep track software project effectively

Online Business Process Model Simulator

Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ning nende simuleerimine on äriprotsesside juhtimise tähtsad komponendid. Äriprotsesside simulatsioon on laialdaselt kasutatav viis analüüsimaks äriprotsesside mudeleid, pöörates tähelepanu just jõudluse ning efektiivsuse mõõtmetele nagu aeg, maksumus ning ressursside hõivatus. Ettevõtted parandavad oma jõudlust, analüüsides regulaarselt väärtust ning panust, mida äriprotsessi erinevates osades lisatakse. Äriprotsessid on pidevates täiustustsüklites, milles protsessi disain ning rekonstruktsioon mängivad olulist rolli. BIMP on äriprotsessimudelite simulaator, mille onlain liidese prototüüp valmis meeskonnapõhise tarkvaraprojekti raames. Kuna antud projekt oli lühiajaline, siis valminud prototüüp oli vähesel määral testitud, oli jõudlusprobleemidega ning polnud integreeritud modelleerimistööriistadega. Antud bakalaureusetöö keskendubki BIMP onlain äriprotsessi-mudelite simulaatori arhitektuuri kirjeldamisele, rakenduse testimisele ning täiendamisele. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö esimeses osas kirjeldadakse äriprotsesse, nende modelleerimist ning simuleerimist. Töö teises osas antakse ülevaade BIMP’i arhitektuurist ning veebirakenduse põhikomponentidest, sealjuures on põhirõhk kasutajapoolse rakenduse ehituse kirjeldusel. Lisaks kirjeldatakse ka integratsioonilahendust Signavio äriprotsessimudelite modelleerimistarkvaraga. Bakalaureusetöö kolmandas osas tutvustatakse BIMP simulaatori testimisprotsessi ning valminud automaattestide jooksutamise lahendust. Lisaks käsitletakse ka leitud vigu ning tehtud parandusi. Samuti tuuakse välja kliendipoolse rakenduse jõudlustestide tulemused ning tehtud täiendused. Antud bakalaureusetöö tulemid on järgmised: 1. BIMP veebirakenduse detailne dokumentatsioon; 2. Automaattestimist võimaldav infrastruktuur, toetamaks BIMP’i arendust tulevikus; 3. BIMP’i integratsioon kommertstarkvaraga, mis võimaldab äriprotsesside modelleerimist; 4. Mitmed täiendused ning veaparandused BIMP’i veebirakenduses, tuginedes automaattestide ning kasutajate testide tulemustele.Business process modelling and also business process simulation are important components of Business Process Management. Business process simulation is a widely used technique for analyzing business process models in terms of performance measures such as time, cost and resource utilisation. Companies are improving their performance by a constant evaluation of the value added in all parts of their processes. Business processes are in a continuous improvement cycle in which design and redesign play an important role [3]. As a part of his master’s thesis Madis Abel developed a business process simulator named BIMP - a scalable and high-performance business process simulation engine capable of handling advanced constructions in the process models that are used to represent real-life processes. The simulation tool was only usable from command line and additional simulation specific metadata had to be added manually to the model. From a user’s perspective this solution was cumbersome and constituted a barrier to the adoption of BIMP in a wider setting. During a team-based software project, an initial prototype of an online interface for BIMP was developed. The project was short-term – 3 months. As a result, the prototype produced from this project was insufficiently tested, had performance issues, was not integrated with other modelling tools, and was not designed for extensibility. This thesis aims at addressing these shortcomings. The contributions of this thesis are the following: 1. A detailed documentation of the BIMP web-application architecture; 2. An automated testing infrastructure to support future development of BIMP; 3. Integration of BIMP with a commercial process modelling tool; 4. Several improvements and bug-fixes to BIMP based on feedback from automated testing and user testing

Customized Software in Distributed Embedded Systems: ISOBUS and the Coming Revolution in Agriculture

The electrification of agricultural equipment has been evolving for many years and in some ways is lagging behind other industries. However this strategy of following the lead of other industries now offers Ag the opportunity to move forward at a revolutionary pace. Network standards defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committees are the basis for defining a rulebook for this industrystandardizing worldwide electronics interoperability. ISOBUS (ISO 11783) which defines a physical standard between tractors and implements will be an important enabler for most new product definitions. The foundation of this coming revolution will be provided through software. This paper outlines the electronics hardware and software architecture for off-road vehicles that allows for implementation of customized machine control features. There are several key areas discussed. The first enabler for this revolution is a software development and delivery system that defines a design methodology for creating and delivering software modules for a distributed set of controllers. This design methodology presents two advantages that today’s modern electronic technologies can deliver: 1) Customization with commodity hardware and 2) Service without replacing hardware parts anywhere in the world. The second enabler for this machine revolution is an ‘agile’ process to develop the software. Many product ideas are being valuated through a trial and error and continuous improvement process. Software will play an important enabler for these product definitions. A comparison between the worldwide trend for software processes, the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), and what type of process would fit the offroad industry is based around the maturity of the new product ideas. The strong supply chain link between dealers and customers for off-road machines, coupled with the emerging awareness of electronic functions and controls, sets a basis for a specialized software development process. An important enabler for this ‘agile’ process is the re-use of code and incremental testing with reviews. The history of the off-road machine business has been based on proven designs and long times between model updates. However, the worldwide adoption of the ISOBUS standard is poised to change this history. ISOBUS is not only establishing an open system for interoperability, it is establishing a sequence of features for diagnostics, sequenced operations, and information management. As customers discover these capabilities, they will expect them to be further advanced and customized for their specific needs. This requires adding agility into the proven durable processes so that manufacturers can respond faster to these growing needs. Electronics, and especially well-planned software systems, offer an agile technology for meeting this coming need. This paper presents the benchmarking of various embedded software development projects relating project content, project rigor, and quality. From this, insights into maintaining quality are gained in order to include agility into a durable development project. Also, risk and rewards of leveraging low cost country software development skills are addressed to stretch resources or even develop common resources for software systems

Proposing a secure component-based-application logic and system’s integration testing approach

Software engineering moved from traditional methods of software enterprise applications to com-ponent based development for distributed system’s applications. This new era has grown up forlast few years, with component-based methods, for design and rapid development of systems, butfact is that , deployment of all secure software features of technology into practical e-commercedistributed systems are higher rated target for intruders. Although most of research has been con-ducted on web application services that use a large share of the present software, but on the otherside Component Based Software in the middle tier ,which rapidly develops application logic, alsoopen security breaching opportunities .This research paper focus on a burning issue for researchersand scientists ,a weakest link in component based distributed system, logical attacks, that cannotbe detected with any intrusion detection system within the middle tier e-commerce distributed ap-plications. We proposed An Approach of Secure Designing application logic for distributed system,while dealing with logically vulnerability issue