244 research outputs found
5G-MEC Testbeds for V2X Applications
Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks fulfill the demands of critical applications, such as Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), particularly in the automotive industry. Vehicular communication requires low latency and high computational capabilities at the network’s edge. To meet these requirements, ETSI standardized Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), which provides cloud computing capabilities and addresses the need for low latency. This paper presents a generalized overview for implementing a 5G-MEC testbed for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) applications, as well as the analysis of some important testbeds and state-of-the-art implementations based on their deployment scenario, 5G use cases, and open source accessibility. The complexity of using the testbeds is also discussed, and the challenges researchers may face while replicating and deploying them are highlighted. Finally, the paper summarizes the tools used to build the testbeds and addresses open issues related to implementing the testbeds.publishedVersio
Operating ITS-G5 DSRC over Unlicensed Bands: A City-Scale Performance Evaluation
Future Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) will be equipped with a large
set of sensors. The large amount of generated sensor data is expected to be
exchanged with other CAVs and the road-side infrastructure. Both in Europe and
the US, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) systems, based on the IEEE
802.11p Physical Layer, are key enabler for the communication among vehicles.
Given the expected market penetration of connected vehicles, the licensed band
of 75 MHz, dedicated to DSRC communications, is expected to become increasingly
congested. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a vehicular
communication system, operated over the unlicensed bands 2.4 GHz - 2.5 GHz and
5.725 GHz - 5.875 GHz. Our experimental evaluation was carried out in a testing
track in the centre of Bristol, UK and our system is a full-stack ETSI ITS-G5
implementation. Our performance investigation compares key communication
metrics (e.g., packet delivery rate, received signal strength indicator)
measured by operating our system over the licensed DSRC and the considered
unlicensed bands. In particular, when operated over the 2.4 GHz - 2.5 GHz band,
our system achieves comparable performance to the case when the DSRC band is
used. On the other hand, as soon as the system, is operated over the 5.725 GHz
- 5.875 GHz band, the packet delivery rate is 30% smaller compared to the case
when the DSRC band is employed. These findings prove that operating our system
over unlicensed ISM bands is a viable option. During our experimental
evaluation, we recorded all the generated network interactions and the complete
data set has been publicly available.Comment: IEEE PIMRC 2019, to appea
Vehicular communication management framework : a flexible hybrid connectivity platform for CCAM services
In the upcoming decade and beyond, the Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) initiative will play a huge role in increasing road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort of driving in Europe. While several individual vehicular wireless communication technologies exist, there is still a lack of real flexible and modular platforms that can support the need for hybrid communication. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicular communication management framework (CAMINO), which incorporates flexible support for both short-range direct and long-range cellular technologies and offers built-in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems' (C-ITS) services for experimental validation in real-life settings. Moreover, integration with vehicle and infrastructure sensors/actuators and external services is enabled using a Distributed Uniform Streaming (DUST) framework. The framework is implemented and evaluated in the Smart Highway test site for two targeted use cases, proofing the functional operation in realistic environments. The flexibility and the modular architecture of the hybrid CAMINO framework offers valuable research potential in the field of vehicular communications and CCAM services and can enable cross-technology vehicular connectivity
Intelligent Transportation Systems Using External Infrastructure: A Literature Survey
The main problems in transportation are accidents, increasingly slow traffic
flow, and pollution. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) using external
infrastructure can overcome these problems. For this reason, the number of such
systems is increasing dramatically, and therefore requires an adequate
overview. To the best of our knowledge, no current systematic review of
existing ITS solutions exists. To fill this knowledge gap, our paper provides
an overview of existing ITS that use external infrastructure worldwide.
Accordingly, this paper addresses current questions and challenges. For this
purpose, we performed a literature review of documents that describe existing
ITS solutions from 2009 until today. We categorized the results according to
technology levels and analyzed its hardware system setup and value-added
contributions. In doing so, we made the ITS solutions comparable and
highlighted past development alongside current trends. We analyzed more than
357 papers, including 52 test bed projects. In summary, current ITSs can
deliver accurate information about individuals in traffic situations in
real-time. However, further research into ITS should focus on more reliable
perception of the traffic using modern sensors, plug-and-play mechanisms, and
secure real-time distribution of the digital twins in a decentralized manner.
By addressing these topics, the development of intelligent transportation
systems will be able to take a step towards its comprehensive roll-out.Comment: 18 Pages, 4 Tables, 5 Figures. This work has been submitted to the
IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice,
after which this version may no longer be accessibl
Synergizing Roadway Infrastructure Investment with Digital Infrastructure for Infrastructure-Based Connected Vehicle Applications: Review of Current Status and Future Directions
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The safety, mobility, environmental and economic benefits of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are potentially dramatic. However, realization of these benefits largely hinges on the timely upgrading of the existing transportation system. CAVs must be enabled to send and receive data to and from other vehicles and drivers (V2V communication) and to and from infrastructure (V2I communication). Further, infrastructure and the transportation agencies that manage it must be able to collect, process, distribute and archive these data quickly, reliably, and securely. This paper focuses on current digital roadway infrastructure initiatives and highlights the importance of including digital infrastructure investment alongside more traditional infrastructure investment to keep up with the auto industry's push towards this real time communication and data processing capability. Agencies responsible for transportation infrastructure construction and management must collaborate, establishing national and international platforms to guide the planning, deployment and management of digital infrastructure in their jurisdictions. This will help create standardized interoperable national and international systems so that CAV technology is not deployed in a haphazard and uncoordinated manner
Testing facilities for end-to-end test of vertical applications enabled by 5G networks:Eindhoven 5G Brainport Testbed
The key-performance indicators (KPIs) that will be delivered by 5G networks such as extremely low-latency, high capacity, robustness and highly flexible network are key enablers for applications such as autonomous driving, cooperative robotics, transport and processing of large volumes of video and images, to name but a few. This paper presents the ongoing build up and deployment of the Eindhoven based 5G-Brainport testbed towards an open environment for validation and test of end-to-end applications benefitting from the 5G KPIs
Augmenting CCAM Infrastructure for Creating Smart Roads and Enabling Autonomous Driving
Autonomous vehicles and smart roads are not new concepts and the undergoing development to empower the vehicles for higher levels of automation has achieved initial milestones. However, the transportation industry and relevant research communities still require making considerable efforts to create smart and intelligent roads for autonomous driving. To achieve the results of such efforts, the CCAM infrastructure is a game changer and plays a key role in achieving higher levels of autonomous driving. In this paper, we present a smart infrastructure and autonomous driving capabilities enhanced by CCAM infrastructure. Meaning thereby, we lay down the technical requirements of the CCAM infrastructure: identify the right set of the sensory infrastructure, their interfacing, integration platform, and necessary communication interfaces to be interconnected with upstream and downstream solution components. Then, we parameterize the road and network infrastructures (and automated vehicles) to be advanced and evaluated during the research work, under the very distinct scenarios and conditions. For validation, we demonstrate the machine learning algorithms in mobility applications such as traffic flow and mobile communication demands. Consequently, we train multiple linear regression models and achieve accuracy of over 94% for predicting aforementioned demands on a daily basis. This research therefore equips the readers with relevant technical information required for enhancing CCAM infrastructure. It also encourages and guides the relevant research communities to implement the CCAM infrastructure towards creating smart and intelligent roads for autonomous driving
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