A single-column model intercomparison of a heavily drizzling stratocumulus-topped boundary layer

This study presents an intercomparison of single-column model simulations of a nocturnal heavily drizzling marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. Initial conditions and forcings are based on nocturnal flight observations off the coast of California during the DYCOMS-II field experiment. Differences in turbulent and microphysical parameterizations between models were isolated by slightly idealizing and standardizing the specification of surface and radiative fluxes. For most participating models, the case was run at both typical operational vertical resolution of about 100 m and also at high vertical resolution of about 10 m. As in prior stratocumulus intercomparisons, the simulations quickly develop considerable scatter in liquid water path (LWP) between models. However, the simulated dependence of cloud base drizzle fluxes on LWP in most models is broadly consistent with recent observations. Sensitivity tests with drizzle turned off show that drizzle substantially decreases LWP for many models. The sensitivity of entrainment rate to drizzle is more muted. Simulated LWP and entrainment are also sensitive to the inclusion of cloud droplet sedimentation. Many models underestimate the fraction of drizzle that evaporates below cloud base, which may distort the simulated feedbacks of drizzle on turbulence, entrainment, and LWP

Search for Second Generation Leptoquark Pairs in pbar-p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV

We have searched for second generation leptoquark (LQ) pairs in the \mu\mu+jets channel using 94+-5 pb^{-1} of pbar-p collider data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron during 1993-1996. No evidence for a signal is observed. These results are combined with those from the \mu\nu+jets and \nu\nu+jets channels to obtain 95% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the LQ pair production cross section as a function of mass and $beta, the branching fraction of a LQ decay into a charged lepton and a quark. Lower limits of 200(180) GeV/c^2 for \beta=1(1/2) are set at the 95% C.L. on the mass of scalar LQ. Mass limits are also set on vector leptoquarks as a function of \beta.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Expanding national policy space for development: Why the Multilateral Trading System must change

With the increasing political and economic integration that accompanies globalisation, a growing number of international agreements now restrict the national ‘policy space’ of developed and developing countries alike. The paper demonstrates how developing countries’ national policy space is affected by agreements comprising the Multilateral Trading System (MTS) under the World Trade Organization (WTO). Focus is given to examining the narrowing range of policy options permissible under international trade and finance agreements, and the adverse effects this can have on countries in earlier stages of economic development. These effects are reviewed with the finding that the playing field resulting from international trade agreements, that have ostensibly equivalent rules for all contracting parties, may provide a much smaller policy space for developing than developed countries because of differences in initial conditions and national policy implementation capacities. It is argued that special and differential treatment (S&DT) for developing countries under the MTS needs to be enhanced and made more actionable and effective in order to provide developing countries with essential national policy space for development. Finally, general areas where improved S&DT is needed, and should be pursued by developing countries in the ongoing Doha Round of WTO negotiations, are summarised.trade, development, developing countries, global economic governance, WTO

Consistency issues in partially bound dynamically composed systems

Dynamically composed systems are able to incorporate new components as they execute. Therefore, configurations of these systems are not fully elaborated until at least the time that they are executed, and they are perhaps never fully elaborated. Such incomplete configurations are termed partially bound configurations. Although partially bound, it is still important to be able to analyse these configurations to ascertain whether they meet certain assumptions about their composition. We are endeavouring to provide such support for the construction of dynamically composed systems through the application of configuration management concepts. One way in which these concepts can be applied in this domain is to explicitly state such assumptions and hence be able to validate partially bound configurations against these assumptions; in this way, inconsistencies can be reported as soon as they arise. This paper explores some of the issues involved in providing this kind of consistency mechanism for dynamically composed systems. In particular, the paper discusses consistency issues which arise in the context of systems where the generic structure of the system configuration is known, but the decision about which particular components comprise the configuration is deferred until execution

Memory and identity: Female leadership and the legacy of Rabbi Regina Jonas

Regina Jonas is now widely recognized as the first female rabbi in the world. Her story highlights particularly pertinent issues in historiography, especially with regard to the role of memory and identity. For almost fifty years following her murder at Auschwitz in 1944, Jonas remained a largely forgotten figure and received hardly any acknowledgement in published records, reference works or scholarly literature. Until the early 1990s, it was widely assumed that Sally Priesand, who was ordained in the Reform movement in the US in 1972, was the first female rabbi. However, Jonas’ ordination had taken place in Nazi Germany – of all places - 37 years earlier. How is it possible that Jonas was almost lost to historiography? And how is she remembered today? This chapter reflects on possible reasons why Jonas was ‘almost forgotten’ and explores how she is remembered today in a range of different national contexts (with a particular focus on Germany, Britain and the USA). The analysis centers on themes of memory and identity and highlights the significance of a sense of heritage in the process of inspiring and ‘naturalizing’ female leadership within faith communities and beyond

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 55 Number 3, Spring 2014

18 - RADIANT HOUSE by Steven Boyd Saum and Heidi Williams ’06. Building a house for the 2013 Solar Decathlon. That, and changing the world. 22 - AMÉRICAS CUISINE by Holly Beretto. Telling a delicious tale of food and family with chef David Cordúa ’04. 26 - Lessons from the field by Reinhard Cate ’07. Taut and tranquil moments in Afghanistan—an essay inwords and images. 30 - INSIDE UKRAINE’S REVOLUTION by Steven Boyd Saum. Along the road to crisis: hope, despair, and a Q&A with writer Andrey Kurkov. 34 - DECIDE WHO WE ARE by Steven Boyd Saum and John Deever. After half a century as a pariah state, Myanmar is opening to the world. People have stories to tell. And they want to shape for themselves what comes next.https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/sc_mag/1028/thumbnail.jp

The Impact of Citizens\u27 Knowledge On Public Administration: Exploring the Links in Three Social Movements

The dissertation develops a conceptual framework linking social knowledge and public administration. Social knowledge is understood broadly as the knowledge used by people in various roles, including experts, ordinary citizens, and public officials, to solve social problems. Social movement knowledge is examined as one particular type of social knowledge. The conceptual framework used to study the relationship between social movement knowledge and public administration is a combination of several literatures: citizen participation, civic innovations, community of practice, policy learning, and knowledge production in social movements. The framework connects social movement, policy expert, and administrative knowledge through the processes of social, policy, and organizational learning. This dissertation further illustrates the complex dynamics of the relationship between these elements of the framework by presenting empirical evidence from three cases of social movements. Observations from the three cases make several contributions to public administration scholarship. First, the analysis of the dynamics of movement knowledge production helps us understand how social knowledge enters the policy arena and thus becomes visible to policy-makers, how the character of its relationship to public policy changes over time, and whether the strategies of movement leaders and policy-makers depend on the dynamics of knowledge production. These insights inform the literature on collaborative governance by illuminating how knowledge production in social movements shapes knowledge interactions between movement knowledge and public sector actors. Next, the dissertation highlights how the interactions between movement communities and public organizations prevent or facilitate the transfer of movement knowledge into public organizations at different organizational levels. The findings enrich the understanding of the influence of external knowledge networks on public organizations and contribute to the literature on knowledge management in the public sector. Finally, the analysis explores the role of movement knowledge in mediating the relationships between policy learning at the national level and organizational learning at the local level. In particular, it examines how movement actors might help bridge public policies and organizational practices. The dissertation ends with a new theoretical model to explain how the knowledge of citizens manifested in social movements affects public policy and the implementation of public policy