A theological analysis of the non-church movement in Korea with a special reference to the formation of its spirituality

This study provides a new theological approach for interpreting the Non- Church Movement (NCM) in Korea. Previous studies have been written from a historical perspective. Therefore, an examination of the spirituality and characteristics of the NCM from a theological standpoint is a new approach. The present study investigates the connection between the NCM and Confucianism. It attempts to highlight the influence of Confucian spirituality on the NCM, in particular the Confucian tradition of learning. It also examines the link between the NCM and Quakerism, in particular the influence of Quaker ecclesiology on the NCM. This too has not been examined in previous studies. The thesis argues that the theological roots of NCM ecclesiology lie in the relatively flat ecclesiology of the Quaker movement in the USA. This research examines the appropriateness of Pete Ward’s concept of “liquid church”. A solid church is congregation-oriented and measures its success in terms of church attendance. In contrast, a liquid church is a communication-oriented community rooted in fellowship. Today, many are leaving the institutional church, while still regarding themselves as Christians. In other words, they no longer belong to the solid church. This study examines the NCM as a model of “liquid church” for Christian believers

국내 개, 고양이, 그리고 종사자에서 분리된 mecA 양성 포도상구균의 특징

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 수의과대학 수의학과, 2021. 2. 박용호.Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are among the emerging pathogens which have become a threat to both human and animal health. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of staphylococci especially mecA positive isolates from dogs, cats, and veterinary staff in Korea between 2017 and 2019. The mecA positive isolates were further characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among 259 mecA-carrying staphylococci isolates, 40 were silent mecA-carrying methicillin susceptible staphylococci, while 219 isolates were methicillin resistant. The largest number of isolates belonged to SCCmec type V among dogs, cats, and veterinary staff isolates (48.8%, 11.6%, and 34.4%, respectively). MLST analysis showed ST35 as the prevalent sequence type of S. epidermidis from all sources, with 25 novel STs. Only 2 homogenous groups between human beings and companion animals were identified; ST35-SCCmec type V of S. epidermidis, and ST30-SCCmec type V of S. haemolyticus. These results suggest that continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci should be elucidated in human and animal sectors so as to prevent the spread of these resistant pathogens.포도상구균은 병원성을 가지며 전 세계적으로 사람과 동물에서 사회 매개 감염질환을 일으키는 원인균이다. 이 연구는 2017년부터 2019년까지 국내에서 개, 고양이, 그리고 종사자에서 분리한 mcA 양성 포도상구균의 특성을 SCCmec typing 과 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) 을 통해 알아보았다. 개 mecA 양성 포도상구균 중 개에서 129 개, 고양이에서 43 개, 종사자에서 87개가 분리되었고 40 개는 silent mecA carrying methicillin susceptible staphylococci, 219 개는 methicillin resistant staphylococci 였다. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)typing 결과 개, 고양이, 종사자에서 SCCmec type V 이 가장 많이 나왔다 (각각 48.8%,11.6%, 그리고 34.4%). MLST 결과 S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, 그리고 S. pseudintermedius에서 주요 sequence types (STs) 이 발견되지 않았지만 모든 종류의 S. epidermidis 에서 ST35 가 일반적인 것으로 나타났다. Eight types and 2 alleles from S. hominis 에서 ST 8 개와 대립유전자 2 개가 새로 발견되었고 S. pseudintermedius 에서는 ST 17개가 새로 발견되었다. 오직 2 종류만이 사람과 동물에서 함께 발견되었다; ST35-SCCmec type V S.epidermidis 와 ST30-SCCmec type V S. haemolyticus. SCCmec 과 MLST 를 이용해 사람과 반려동물의 mecA 양성 포도상구균을 조사했을 때, 서로 다른 결과가 나왔지만 mecA 양성 포도상구균 전파 가능성이 존재한다.Abstract i Contents iii List of Figures iv List of Tables v Introduction 1 Materials and methods 2 1. Bacterial strains 2 2. SCCmec typing 2 3. MLST 2 Results 4 1. Bacterial strains 4 2. SCCmec typing 4 3. MLST 5 Discussion 6 References 22 Abstract in Korean 26Maste

Biomechanical evaluation of dental implants with different surfaces: Removal torque and resonance frequency analysis in rabbits

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Macroscopic and especially microscopic properties of implant surfaces play a major role in the osseous healing of dental implants. Dental implants with modified surfaces have shown stronger osseointegration than implants which are only turned (machined). Advanced surface modification techniques such as anodic oxidation and Ca-P application have been developed to achieve faster and stronger bonding between the host bone and the implant. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment of titanium dental implant on implant stability after insertion using the rabbit tibia model. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Three test groups were prepared: sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) implants, anodic oxidized implants, and anodized implants with Ca-P immersion. The turned implants served as control. Twenty rabbits received 80 implants in the tibia. Resonance frequencies were measured at the time of implant insertion, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of healing. Removal torque values (RTV) were measured 2 and 4 weeks after insertion. RESULTS. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of implants for resonance frequency analysis (RFA) increased significantly (P . 05). The test and control implants also showed significantly higher ISQ values during 4 weeks of healing period (P . 05). The SLA, anodized and Ca-P immersed implants showed higher RTVs at 2 and 4 weeks of healing than the machined one (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION. The surface-modified implants appear to provide superior implant stability to the turned one. Under the limitation of this study, however, we suggest that neither anodic oxidation nor Ca-P immersion techniques have any advantage over the conventional SLA technique with respect to implant stability

Comparison of implant stability after different implant surface treatments in dog bone

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of different implant surface treatments on implant stability in dog mandibles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 implants (Dentium Co, Seoul, Korea) were placed in 5 dog mandibles. Bone quality was assessed at each site. Implant stability was evaluated using 2 different methods. An OsstellTM resonance frequency analyzer (RFA) was used to determine the stability at baseline (day 1), and 3, 6 and 10 weeks after surgery. Animals were euthanized 10 weeks after implant installation. Specimens were obtained and submitted to the laboratory processing. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. All implantation sites in dog mandibles demonstrated bone types II and III. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All implants showed good primary stability at baseline in terms of insertion torque. The results of this study suggest that surface treatment may have significant effects on biological stability 3 weeks after implant placement. Further studies are needed to confirm these initial observations in poor quality bone

The effect of various thread designs on the initial stability of taper implants

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Primary stability at the time of implant placement is related to the level of primary bone contact. The level of bone contact with implant is affected by thread design, surgical procedure and bone quality, etc. PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the initial stability of the various taper implants according to the thread designs, half of which were engaged to inferior cortical wall of type IV bone(Group 1) and the rest of which were not engaged to inferior cortical wall(Group 2) by measuring the implant stability quotient(ISQ) and the removal torque value(RTV). MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this study, 6 different implant fixtures with 10 mm length were installed. In order to simulate the sinus inferior wall of type IV bone, one side cortical bone of swine rib was removed. 6 different implants were installed in the same bone block following manufacturer s recommended procedures. Total 10 bone blocks were made for each group. The height of Group 1 bone block was 10 mm for engagement and that of group 2 was 13 mm. The initial stability was measured with ISQ value using Osstell and with removal torque using MGT50 torque gauge. RESULTS. In this study, we found the following results. 1. In Group 1 with fixtures engaged to the inferior cortical wall, there was no significant difference in RTV and ISQ value among the 6 types of implants. 2. In Group 2 with fixtures not engaged to the inferior cortical wall, there was significant difference in RTV and ISQ value among the 6 types of implants(P < .05). 3. There was significant difference in RTV and ISQ value according to whether fixtures were engaged to the inferior cortical wall or not(P < .05). 4. Under-drilling made RTV and ISQ value increase significantly in the NT implants which had lower RTV and ISQ value in Group 2(P < .05). CONCLUSIONS. Without being engaged to the inferior cortical wall fixtures had initial stability affected by implant types. Also in poor quality bone, under-drilling improved initial stability

South Korean Nationalism and the Legacy of Park Chung Hee: How Nationalism Shaped Park’s Agendas and the Future Korean Sociopolitical Landscape

Park Chung Hee (presidential term: 1961-1979) is, arguably, the most significant leader in the Korean Peninsula’s modern history. His governance has many trademark elements that have been thoroughly analyzed. These include his economic plans and violent dealings against his political opposition. One often overlooked variable, however, is the significant traces of early Korean nationalism (1890s-1930s) that defined his regime. Park employed these ideas, although controversial, to completely change a nation that was teetering on the brink of destruction into what is now, one of the most well-known republics in the world – economically, technologically, and culturally. It is important, therefore, to investigate how early nationalism affected and shaped Park’s tenure, and more importantly, how it still affects South Korea today. There are two main nationalist ideologies that affected Park’s rule. First are the teachings of early nineteenth century Korean nationalists, most prominently Sin Chaeho and Choe Namson. These philosophies gave Park the foundations to base his eventual regime upon. Specifically, Sin and Choe’s take on the Tan’gun creation myth promoted that the Korean people are entitled to a prosperous and homogenized land. This was also one element of their minjok tenet – minjok loosely translating to “the Korean people.” It is an ethnonationalist philosophy implying that all Koreans and the lands from where they originated are bound together by blood. Second, Park took those theories and mixed them with a Social Darwinist, Neo-Confucian ideology, one modeled after what he learned from his brief Imperial Japanese military career; this is otherwise known as bushido. When fused together, these elements created a unique institution that was evident throughout every aspect of a Park-era South Korea. It was not until the 1980s onwards that an affluent South Korean citizenry sought a more advanced republican-like polity. From this time on they out grew their need for Park-styled autocracy and nationalism. Through intense and daily mass protests, many of which ended in bloodshed, South Koreans infused old minjok nationalist themes with dissent; this union was called minjung. Minjung loosely translates to “mass people”, however during the protests the term was solidified under the definition of “the will of the [Korean] masses.” Therefore, minjung is now synonymous with South Korean-styled democracy. As a result, the end of the decade finally saw the last relic of Park’s governance. His successor, Chun Doo-hwan, was ousted as South Korea ascended into the pantheon of highly developed democracies

Role of PVDF in rheology and microstructure of NCM cathode slurries for lithium-ion battery

A binder plays a critical role in dispersion of coating liquids and the quality of coating. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used as a binder in cathode slurries; however, its role as a binder is still under debate. In this paper, we study the role of PVDF on the rheology of cathode battery slurries consisting of Li(Ni$_{1/3}$Mn$_{1/3}$Co$_{1/3}$)O$_{2}$ (NCM), carbon black (CB) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Rheology and microstructure of cathode slurries are systemically investigated with three model suspensions: CB/PVDF/NMP, NCM/PVDF/NMP and NCM/CB/PVDF/NMP. To highlight the role of PVDF in cathode slurries, we prepare the same model suspensions by replacing PVDF with PVP, and we compare the role of PVDF to PVP in the suspension rheology. We find that PVDF adsorbs neither onto NCM nor CB surface, which can be attributed to its poor affinity to NCM and CB. Rheological measurements suggest that PVDF mainly increases matrix viscosity in the suspension without affecting the microstructure formed by CB and NCM particles. In contrast to PVDF, PVP stabilizes the structure of CB and NCM in the model suspensions, as it is adsorbed on the CB surface. This study will provide a useful insight to fundamentally understand the rheology of cathode slurries

Display the gameplay but playfully

The term ’game museum’ refers to an institution that conserves, archives, and exhibits the history of games. This thesis qualitatively compares the case of the Finnish Museum of Games (FMG, Finland) and Nexon Computer Museum (NCM, South Korea), concentrating on their choices of the object and the aesthetical expressions in the exhibition space. The goal of this thesis is to find the influence of curators and potential game museum visitors on the game museum’s choice of object and aesthetical expressions. This thesis used a combined multi-method of Visual Discourse Analysis and Comic-Based Research. The research questions of this thesis are: 1) How do the FMG and NCM display games differently in the museum space? 2) How do curators and potential museum visitors’ gaming memories relate to the choices of displayed objects and aesthetical expressions in FMG and NCM? 3) How can comics, as a research tool, supplement the study of game museums and their potential visitors? The findings from the thesis indicate that the choice of the objects and aesthetical expressions in FMG and NCM were linked with the sociopolitical discourses upon their establishment and the personal gaming memories of curators. Another important factor discovered is that both game museum curators and potential visitors tend to reflect their memories when perceiving the topic of game museum and their exhibitions. Moreover, both the curators and potential visitors were motivated to establish a positive cultural message on gaming. The thesis suggests that game museums may have to update their exhibitions frequently in order to remain engaging for future generations. This would involve game museums to learn the trend and memories of potential visitors and the games that they enjoy. The use of educational comics, like this thesis research, could be one of those methods for game museums to learn potential visitor’s interest

Digital approach for the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with pterygoid and standard implants: The static and dynamic computer-aided protocols

A full-arch rehabilitation of the edentulous upper jaw without grafting procedures exploits the residual alveolar or the basal bone, with the necessity of long implants placed with a particular orientation. The precision in planning and placing the fixtures is fundamental to avoid clinical problems and to allow an acceptable connection with the prosthesis. The computer-aided implantology resulted in more accuracy than the traditional one, with a high standard of correspondence between the virtual project and the real outcome. This paper reports about the two different digital protocols, static and dynamic, as support to implant-borne prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous maxillae. Two pterygoid and two/four anterior standard implants were seated in both cases by two different operators, without flap raising, and immediately loaded. This approach avoided the posterior cantilever by-passing the maxillary sinus and was adequately planned and realized without any surgical or prosthetic error. The two digital flow-charts were described step by step, underlining each other’s advantages and drawbacks compared to a free-hand approach