30 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» Π‘ Π² Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ Π¨Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ
Based on the news of the press centre of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation: https://mintrans.gov.ru/ press-center/news/9399ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ- ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: https://mintrans.gov.ru/press- center/news/939
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬Π‘Π’ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ£Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π’Π: ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ―, ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π Π€ΠΠ ΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ
Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the following areas of entrepreneurial activity in sports industry: sports and health services, including fitness clubs, sports clubs, schools and academies; managing the competitions (leagues); corporate sports; media resources; bookmakers, e-sports. As part of the work, positive examples of entrepreneurship in sports industry were noted, as well as the role, interests and tasks of the state. The directions of innovative development within each of the identified blocks are considered separately. The authors also systematized support measures for development entrepreneurship (small and medium enterprises β SME) and identified its features for the sports industry. Following directions for further research are proposed: analysis of individual markets for entrepreneurship in the sports industry; development and testing of methods for assessing the effectiveness of support measures for SME in sports industry; development of professional training of entrepreneurs for the sports industry.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°: ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π»ΠΈΠ³); ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ; ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ; Π±ΡΠΊΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°; ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
Clipovisation of information space as the neoteric technology of socio-psychological influence on society
Myths about the Great patriotik war as a system factor in Russian hybrid warfare against Ukraine
Russian perspectives on China as an actor in cyberspace
Although the so-called βSino-Russian approachβ to internet governance is often simplistically understood as aβblack-box coalitionβ seeking to upend the multi-stakeholder and rule-based order, the realities of the Sino-Russian interactions in cyberspace are much more complicated. On one hand, their common distrust towards the liberal world order and the US hegemony forms the basis for cooperation at the multilateral level, especially on norm-promotion of cyber-sovereignty and a state-based internet governance model. Recently, China and Russia have also intensified their cooperation on regulating online content. On the other hand, from the Russian perspective, there are also several factors, for example perceived cyberespionage and Chinaβs geo-economic prowess, that undermine bilateral trust or hinder further Sino-Russian cooperation. Based on Russian-language academic and policy literature, this report unpacks the multifaceted Sino-Russian relation in cyberspace from a Russian perspective, and provides recommendations for more effective engagement with both countries.Asian Studie
New species and new records of spiders (Aranei) in the south of Russia
Three new species of spiders from the families Gnaphosidae and Titanoecidae are described from the south of the European part of Russia (Astrakhan Region, Dagestan). Talanites alexeevi Ponomarev, sp. n. is characterized by the lamellar embolus, the narrow embolar base with the acute tooth-like outgrowth directed ventro-apically, the double-apex median apophysis, the epigyne with rounded fovea at the posterior margin and the anterior epigynal triangular-shaped hood with the wide arcuate posterior margin, the transverse oval contiguous spermathecae. Talanites thorelli Ponomarev, sp. n. has the following diagnostic characters: the tibia of the palp is with two processes; the embolar base is narrow, not wider than its distal part; the inner apical margin of the embolus is transformed into a long point; the double-apex median apophysis. Titanoeca caspia Ponomarev, sp. n. differs from congeners by the following characters: the tibia of the palp has a large, wide, complicated outgrowth pro-laterally, extending far beyond the lateral margin of the cymbium; tegulum with the large embolic pocket; the anterior margin of the embolic pocket bears a distinct tubercle; the process of the tegulum is large, retro-laterally shifted; the embolar haematodocha is large, protruding; the epigyne is with the narrow transverse slightly curved sclerotized plate; spermathecae are large, single, with short copulatory ducts. A new faunistic data are given for 14 species of spiders from the families Dictynidae, Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae, Mimetidae, Segestriidae, Theridiidae, Thomisidae. The following seven species of spiders are recorded for the fauna of Russia for the first time: Anagraphis ochracea (L. Koch, 1867), Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958, Zelotes fulvaster (Simon, 1878), Alopecosa kuntzi Denis, 1953, Alopecosa spasskyi Ponomarev, 2008, Lasaeolla dbari Kovblyuk, Marusik et Omelko, 2012, Ozyptila rigida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
What should public governance be: review on the book: Zotov V. V. [ed.] (2021), Public administration in a digital society: to a new social contract: monograph, University Book, Kursk, Russia (in Russian)
A review of the monograph βPublic administration in a digital society: to a new social contractβ is presented. The book under review is devoted to the development of a scientifically based concept of the social contract of the digital society. According to the authors, the modern period of state development, the period of searching for better and more targeted forms of interaction between the authorities and the population significantly expands the possibilities of mass participation of the population in state governance using information and telecommunication technologies. The authors make the conclusion that humanity is in the widest range of options β from strengthening the tendencies of the state, whose supervisory functions may be too total in relation to the person, to digital consensus democracy, when citizens are able to reach agreements on a wide range of socially significant tasks. The book proposes the use of digital network platforms as communication platforms that ensure the establishment of a certain level of trust between citizens and the population. This is a research publication, that introduces the government and municipal employees, representatives of science, education and of public organisations and political parties, all interested in the range of modern problems of social development in the context of the digital transformation of most public spheres and the public administration transformation
Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ: Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ
The review and analytical article examines the multidisciplinary concept of βwell-beingβ, redefined from the standpoint of various fields of sociohumanitarian knowledge, as well as the basic theories of well-being. Within the framework of the philosophical approach, three modern groups of well-being theories are characterized: hedonistic, desire theories and objective list theories. In psychology, there are three groups of theories focused on the study of psychological well-being: developmental psychology, personality psychology and clinical psychology. In sociology, the directions of studying the social well-being of the object and the social well-being of the subject are highlighted. Attention is also focused on the actualization of the impact of digital technologies on the well-being of the population, with the allocation of three areas of expert assessments: relative optimism, predominant pessimism and balanced rationalism. The current discursive problems of the impact of digital technologies on human well-being and on the well-being of various social groups are identified. The ambiguity of the impact of the use of digital technologies is considered on the example of two least protected social groups: adolescent children trying to rebuild from their parental family and form their personal decisionβmaking trajectories, and older people, often with the termination of employment, and almost always with a reduction in social ties, health and a decrease in the quality of life. It is noted that the situational use of digital technologies is more significant for hedonistic well -being (gaining pleasure) and to a lesser extent β for eudemonic (as prosperity) significant throughout life. Procedurally-indicates that in the future a low and excessive level of involvement in digital technologies leads to a decrease in the well-being of growing teenagers, and moderately active-to its growth.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Β», ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ: Π³Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ: ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° β Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ β Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ), Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ β ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ β ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ