GIS-based cultural route heritage authenticity analysis and conservation support in cost-surface and visibility study approaches.

He, Jie.Thesis submitted in: October 2008.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-236).Abstracts in English and Chinese.ABSTRACT --- p.iTABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vLIST OF FIGURES --- p.ixACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xiiiChapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1Chapter 1.1.1 --- The Development of the Cultural Route Concept --- p.2Chapter 1.1.2 --- The Delimitation of Heritage Definitions and Conservation --- p.5Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.7Chapter 1.2.1 --- Shortcomings of Delimitations and Their Implementation in Cultural Routes --- p.7Chapter 1.2.2 --- Authenticity as a Subject of Investigation and Planning Support --- p.11Chapter 1.3 --- Research Definition --- p.12Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.13Chapter 1.3.2 --- Significance of Study --- p.13Chapter Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.15Chapter 2.1 --- Cultural Route Heritage Disciplines and Protection Practices --- p.15Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical and Methodological Investigations --- p.15Chapter 2.1.2 --- Delimitations and Case Studies --- p.17Chapter 2.2 --- Routes and Associated Landscape Studies carried out by Archaeologists --- p.24Chapter 2.2.1 --- Archaeological Route Studies --- p.25Chapter 2.2.2 --- Landscape Archaeological Module and Cases --- p.26Chapter 2.2.3 --- Methodology and technology --- p.29Chapter 2.3 --- "Landscape Archaeology and ,GIS applications" --- p.29Chapter 2.3.1 --- Landscape Archaeology through the Cognitive Paradigm --- p.30Chapter 2.3.2 --- Information Technology and GIS Support --- p.31Chapter 2.3.3 --- GIS Support for Heritage --- p.33Chapter 2.4 --- GIS for Cultural Resource Management --- p.34Chapter 2.4.1 --- Gap between Practice and Research --- p.35Chapter 2.4.2 --- The Potential of GIS for Conservation Planning in CRM --- p.37Chapter 2.4.3 --- Problems in Gonservation Planning Relating to Heritage Value --- p.39Chapter 2.5 --- Perceptual Archaeology and GIS Applications. --- p.40Chapter 2.5.1 --- Archaeological Yisibility --- p.41Chapter 2.5.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.47Chapter 2.6 --- Problem-oriented Applications of Visibility and Cost-surface Analysis --- p.50Chapter 2.6.1 --- Single Factor Approaches --- p.50Chapter 2.6.2 --- Social and Cultural Interpretations --- p.52Chapter 2.6.3 --- Path Studies --- p.53Chapter 2.7 --- Visual Resource Management Researches by the Author --- p.54Chapter 2.8 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.54Chapter Chapter 3 --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.59Chapter 3.1 --- Research Questions --- p.59Chapter 3.1.1 --- Authenticity and the Reified Attributes --- p.60Chapter 3.1.2 --- Definition of Attributes --- p.62Chapter 3.1.3 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Spatial Interrelationships --- p.65Chapter 3.1.4 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Functionalities --- p.67Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Scale Issue --- p.69Chapter 3.1.6 --- Technical Potentials in GIS --- p.70Chapter 3.2 --- The System Framework --- p.71Chapter 3.2.1 --- Path Replication and Prediction --- p.73Chapter 3.2.2 --- Control of Space --- p.77Chapter 3.2.3 --- Cultural Landscapes in Cultural Route Spatial Analysis --- p.82Chapter 3.3 --- Management and Delimitations --- p.85Chapter 3.3.1 --- Allocations --- p.85Chapter 3.3.2 --- Delimitations in Categories --- p.86Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.90Chapter Chapter 4 --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.91Chapter 4.1 --- Background Dataset. --- p.91Chapter 4.1.1 --- DEM --- p.91Chapter 4.1.2 --- Mapping Scales --- p.96Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Historical Topography and Landscape Reconstruction," --- p.98Chapter 4.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.102Chapter 4.2.1 --- Movement Singulation --- p.103Chapter 4.2.2 --- Path Selection --- p.105Chapter 4.3 --- Cost Surface Modeling --- p.107Chapter 4.3.1 --- Attributes Introduced --- p.108Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cost-Surface Model Making --- p.110Chapter 4.3.3 --- Visibility as a Cost --- p.114Chapter 4.3.4 --- Algorithms --- p.121Chapter 4.3.5 --- rSpatial Control of Property --- p.128Chapter 4.4 --- Technical Issues and Validation --- p.137Chapter 4.4.1 --- Technical Issues of Visibility Studies --- p.138Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cost-Surface Analysis Conberns --- p.141Chapter 4.4.3 --- Validations --- p.142Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.143Chapter Chapter 5 --- CASE STUDY OF THE GREAT WALL --- p.145Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.145Chapter 5.1.1 --- Previous Research --- p.145Chapter 5.1.2 --- Great Wall Conservation --- p.149Chapter 5.2 --- Case Study Design --- p.150Chapter 5.3 --- Data Sources and Data Preparation --- p.151Chapter 5.3.1 --- DEM --- p.151Chapter 5.3.2 --- Historical Reconstructions --- p.156Chapter 5.4 --- Large-scale Analyses --- p.162Chapter 5.4.1 --- Cost-surface Modeling --- p.163Chapter 5.4.2 --- Invasion and Defensive Interpretations --- p.166Chapter 5.5 --- The Juyongguan Pass Study --- p.178Chapter 5.5.1 --- Research Background --- p.181Chapter 5.5.2 --- Facility Mapping and Viewshed Analysis --- p.181Chapter 5.5.3 --- Movement Modeling --- p.191Chapter 5.5.4 --- Analytical Results --- p.195Chapter 5.6 --- Spatial Control and Delimitations of Juyongguan Pass Fortress --- p.201Chapter 5.6.1 --- Spatial Control of the Great Wall --- p.201Chapter 5.6.2 --- Juyongguan Pass Fortress Delimitations --- p.203Chapter 5.7 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.209Chapter Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION --- p.211Chapter 6.1 --- Utility of the Proposed Study Scheme --- p.211Chapter 6.1.1 --- The Theoretical Aspect --- p.211Chapter 6.1.2 --- Methodological Aspect --- p.212Chapter 6.1.3 --- Conservation Practice --- p.213Chapter 6.2 --- Research Contributions and Limitations --- p.214Chapter 6.3 --- Further Research --- p.215REFERENCES --- p.21

A design framework for developing a reconfigurable driving simulator

Fahrsimulatoren werden seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreich in verschiedenen Anwendungsbe-reichen eingesetzt. Sie unterscheiden sich weitgehend in ihrer Struktur, Genauigkeit, Komplexität und in ihren Kosten. Heutzutage werden Fahrsimulatoren in der Regel in-dividuell für eine spezielle Aufgabe entwickelt und haben typischerweise eine festgeleg-te Struktur. Bei der Nutzung eines Fahrsimulators in einem Anwendungsbereich wie der Entwicklung von fortgeschrittenen Fahrerassistenzsystemen (FFAS) werden jedoch mehrere Varianten des Fahrsimulators benötigt. Es besteht daher Handlungsbedarf für die Entwicklung eines rekonfigurierbaren Fahrsimulators, der es dem Betreiber des Fahrsimulators ermöglicht, ohne umfassende Fachkenntnisse problemlos verschiedene Varianten zu erstellen. Um diese Herausforderung zu bewältigen wurde eine Entwick-lungssystematik für die Entwicklung eines rekonfigurierbaren Fahrsimulators entwi-ckelt. Die Entwicklungssystematik besteht aus einem Vorgehensmodell und einem Kon-figurationswerkzeug. Das Vorgehensmodell beschreibt die benötigten Entwicklungspha-sen, die vollständigen Aufgaben jeder Phase und die in der Entwicklung eingesetzten Methoden. Das Konfigurationswerkzeug organisiert die Lösungselemente des Fahrsimu-lators und ermöglicht dem Betreiber des Fahrsimulators, durch Auswählen einer Kombi-nation von Lösungselementen nach dem Baukastenprinzip verschiedene Varianten des Fahrsimulators zu erstellen. Die Entwicklungssystematik wird durch die Entwicklung eines rekonfigurierbaren FFAS-Fahrsimulators und durch die Erstellung von drei unter-schiedlichen Varianten dieses Fahrsimulators validiert.Driving simulators have been used successfully in various application fields for decades. They vary widely in their structure, fidelity, complexity and cost. Nowadays, driving simulators are usually custom-designed for a specific task and they typically have a fixed structure. Nevertheless, using the driving simulator in an application field, such as the development of the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), requires several variants of the driving simulator. Therefore, there is a need to develop a reconfigurable driving simulator which allows its operator to easily create different variants without in-depth expertise in the system structure. In order to solve this challenge, a Design Framework for Developing a Reconfigurable Driving Simulator has been developed. The design framework consists of a procedure model and a configuration tool. The pro-cedure model describes the required development phases, the entire tasks of each phase and the used methods in the development. The configuration tool organizes the driving simulators solution elements and allows its operator to create different variants of the driving simulator by selecting a combination of the solution elements, which are like building blocks. The design framework is validated by developing an ADAS reconfigu-rable driving simulator and by creating three variants of this driving simulator.Tag der Verteidigung: 13.06.2014Paderborn, Univ., Diss., 201

Shortest Route at Dynamic Location with Node Combination-Dijkstra Algorithm

Abstract— Online transportation has become a basic requirement of the general public in support of all activities to go to work, school or vacation to the sights. Public transportation services compete to provide the best service so that consumers feel comfortable using the services offered, so that all activities are noticed, one of them is the search for the shortest route in picking the buyer or delivering to the destination. Node Combination method can minimize memory usage and this methode is more optimal when compared to A* and Ant Colony in the shortest route search like Dijkstra algorithm, but can’t store the history node that has been passed. Therefore, using node combination algorithm is very good in searching the shortest distance is not the shortest route. This paper is structured to modify the node combination algorithm to solve the problem of finding the shortest route at the dynamic location obtained from the transport fleet by displaying the nodes that have the shortest distance and will be implemented in the geographic information system in the form of map to facilitate the use of the system. Keywords— Shortest Path, Algorithm Dijkstra, Node Combination, Dynamic Location (key words

The genealogy of WHO and UNICEF and the intersecting careers of Melville Mackenzie (1889-1972) and Ludwik Rajchman (1881-1965)

This thesis traces the antecedents of the World Health Organization (WHO) back to the establishment of the League of Nations in 1920. The 1946 Constitution of WHO specifies two prime functions for the Organization – technical assistance to countries and cooperation with governments to strengthen national health services. The thesis analyses how international health work in the interwar years moved towards these tasks by studying the intersecting careers of Melville Mackenzie and Ludwik Rajchman. The analysis begins with relief and reconstruction in Russia in 1921-1923, extends to technical assistance to Greece and Bolivia in 1928-1930 and concludes with technical cooperation with China over the period 1930 to 1941. The viewpoint of the thesis is that of international staff working within the borders of sovereign states. The thesis reveals that policy documents drafted by the League of Nations Health Organisation between 1943 and 1945 defined the prime objective of an international health organization as being 'the promoting of health for all'. These documents also provided the basis of the Constitution of WHO, including its frequently-quoted definition of health. Mackenzie presented the WHO Constitution for approval to delegates attending the 1946 International Health Conference in New York and signed it on behalf of the United Kingdom, with authority that was unprecedented for a physician. The thesis uses a genealogical metaphor in exploring the origins of UNICEF and WHO. This shows the lineage of the former going back to generously funded agencies which supplied countries with health resources and resident international personnel. WHO, which originated from agencies that received scaled contributions from governments, lacked funds to engage, significantly, in technical cooperation with individual countries in the immediate postwar period. In 1948, an enduring and effective cooperation was established between UNICEF and WHO, as a consequence of a rivalry. Mackenzie and Rajchman are shown to have been at the heart of this. The thesis concludes by suggesting that international cooperation with countries to strengthen national health services might be improved by studying the interwar initiatives of Mackenzie and Rajchman

Social Sciences and Cultural Studies

This is a unique and groundbreaking collection of questions and answers coming from higher education institutions on diverse fields and across a wide spectrum of countries and cultures. It creates routes for further innovation, collaboration amidst the Sciences (both Natural and Social) and the Humanities and the private and the public sectors of society. The chapters speak across socio-cultural concerns, education, welfare and artistic sectors under the common desire for direct responses in more effective ways by means of interaction across societal structures

Characterisation of dust fallout around the City of Tshwane (CoT), Gauteng, South Africa

The aim of the project was to study the mineral, chemical and morphological characteristics of the fallout dust samples. The dust fallout samples were collected at five different sites following the internationally accepted standard procedure for collection and analysis, South African National Standard and American Standard for Testing Methods (ASTM) D1739-98 (2010). Passive single buckets containing ¾ of distilled water and 10.0 ml of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution, hoisted at a height of about 2.5 m were exposed from March – June 2013 and were collected every month, taken to the laboratory for characterization. First, the samples were filtered and mass concentrations per month were gravimetrically measured. The samples were then prepared for further characterization by the MicroScan Particle Analyser (MSPA)(Microscope UOP UB 100j) which measured the mineral content and the Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X- ray (SEM - EDX) measured the images of different particles (size, shape) and their elemental content. The results from the MicroScan analysis showed the prevalence of sandy rounded-shaped quartz (SiO2) particles across all sites. Minerals detected within the crustal material at all sites were quartz (SiO2), haematite (Fe; Fe2O3; Al2O3), feldspar (Na, K, Mg, Ca: AI2Si2O8), garnet (SiO4), aluminium silicates (AI2Si2O8) and calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2]. Evidently, sites A, B and C dominated the abundance of these minerals. On the other hand, sites D and E showed fine and rounded quartz and quartzite with various trace metal oxides. Measured elements in decreasing concentrations were Si, Ca, P, Al, K, S, Fe, Cu, Ti and Mg. Both coarse particle (2.5 - 10.0 μm) and fine particle sizes ranges (< 1.0 to 2.5 μm) were detected. Large irregular shaped particles sizes were common and were linked to crustal material. The results provide good baseline information which requires further characterization of samples by different analytical techniques and validation of possible sources. The ICP-MS was used to determine the elemental composition of dust fallout and the mean concentration of the elements of concern ranged from 1.1 - 2.6 for As, 0.2 - 0.6 for Cd, 17.0 - 21.9 for Ni, 449.8 - 751.1 for Pb, 9.9 - 22.3 for V and 101.7 - 293.0 μg/m3 for Zn. The elements such as Cd exceeded the set limit 0.005 μg/m3 by OSHA (2015) and NIOSH (2007); Pb exceeded the set standard of 0.5 μg/m3 set by OSHA (2015), NIOSH (2007), WHO (2000), USEPA (2012) and DEA (2013). The rest of the elements fell within the set guidelines by various regulatory national and international bodies. The study concludes that, although, all the sampling sites recorded the dust fallout rates within the SANS 1929 (2011) and DEA (2013) average RESIDENTIAL limit of 600 mg/m2/day, the future accumulation and exceedances cannot be ruled out owing to the increasing developments in urban areasEnvironmental SciencesM. Sc. (Environmental Science

Metodología de implantación de modelos de gestión de la información dentro de los sistemas de planificación de recursos empresariales. Aplicación en la pequeña y mediana empresa

La Siguiente Generación de Sistemas de Fabricación (SGSF) trata de dar respuesta a los requerimientos de los nuevos modelos de empresas, en contextos de inteligencia, agilidad y adaptabilidad en un entono global y virtual. La Planificación de Recursos Empresariales (ERP) con soportes de gestión del producto (PDM) y el ciclo de vida del producto (PLM) proporciona soluciones de gestión empresarial sobre la base de un uso coherente de tecnologías de la información para la implantación en sistemas CIM (Computer-Integrated Manufacturing), con un alto grado de adaptabilidad a la estnictura organizativa deseada. En general, esta implementación se lleva desarrollando hace tiempo en grandes empresas, siendo menor (casi nula) su extensión a PYMEs. La presente Tesis Doctoral, define y desarrolla una nueva metodología de implementación pan la generación automática de la información en los procesos de negocio que se verifican en empresas con requerimientos adaptados a las necesidades de la SGSF, dentro de los sistemas de gestión de los recursos empresariales (ERP), atendiendo a la influencia del factor humano. La validez del modelo teórico de la metodología mencionada se ha comprobado al implementarlo en una empresa del tipo PYME, del sector de Ingeniería. Para el establecimiento del Estado del Arte de este tema se ha diseñado y aplicado una metodología específica basada en el ciclo de mejora continua de Shewhart/Deming, aplicando las herramientas de búsqueda y análisis bibliográfico disponibles en la red con acceso a las correspondientes bases de datos

Optimisation of a propagation model for last mile connectivity with low altitude platforms using machine learning

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonOur related research review on propagation models reveals six factors that are significant in last mile connectivity via LAP: path loss, elevation angle, LAP altitude, coverage area, power consumption, operation frequency, interference, and antenna type. These factors can help with monitoring system performance, network planning, coverage footprint, receivers’ line-of-sight, quality of service requirements, and data rates which may all vary in response to geomorphology characteristics. Several competing propagation models have been proposed over the years but whilst they collectively raise many shortcomings such as limited altitude up to few tens of meters, lack of cover across different environments, low perdition accuracy they also exhibit several advantages. Four propagation models, which are representatives of their types, have been selected since they exhibit advantages in relation to high altitude, wide coverage range, adaption across different terrains. In addition, all four have been extensively deployed in the past and as a result their correction factors have evolved over the years to yield extremely accurate results which makes the development and evaluation aspects of this research very precise. The four models are: ITU-R P.529-3, Okumura, Hata-Davidson, and ATG. The aim of this doctoral research is to design a new propagation model for last-mile connectivity using LAPs technology as an alternative to aerial base station that includes all six factors but does not exhibit any of the shortcomings of existing models. The new propagation model evolves from existing models using machine learning. The four models are first adapted to include the elevation angle alongside the multiple-input multiple-output diversity gain, our first novelty in propagation modelling. The four adapted models are then used as input in a Neural Network framework and their parameters are clustered in a Self-Organizing-Map using a minimax technique. The framework evolves an optimal propagation model that represents the main research contribution of this research. The optimal propagation model is deployed in two proof-of-concept applications, a wireless sensor network, and a cellular structure. The performance of the optimal model is evaluated and then validated against that of the four adapted models first in relation to predictions reported in the literature and then in the context of the two proof-of-concept applications. The predictions of the optimised model are significantly improved in comparison to those of the four adapted propagation models. Each of the two proof-of-concept applications also represent a research novelty.The Royal Saudi Embassy and the Saudi Cultural Bureau in London, and Taif University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia