Texas Register

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code. This is a list of notices published January 1 – December 30, 2011. Listed alphabetically by agency name are non-rulemaking notices that appeared in the following Texas Register sections: In Addition, Office of the Attorney General, Texas Ethics Commission, Office of the Governor, Review of Agency Rules and Transferred Rules

An Enduring Story of an Iconic Animal: Archaeology and Bison as Support for Wanuskewin as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Bison are a key to every aspect of Wanuskewin Heritage Park. This thesis undertakes a detailed faunal analysis of the remains from Wolf Willow, a multicomponent archaeological site in the Opimihaw Creek Valley. The results of this study show the Plains bison (Bison bison bison) to be the dominant animal in the assemblage. Large quantities of highly fragmented remains indicate area was a habitation space, taphonomic marks indicate the bison were used for food production and tool manufacture. More than any other animal, bison are what people used in their day-to-day life when occupying this space. From this information, the research expands to look at all other sites in the valley area, drawing the conclusion that bison are the most commonly present animal in all archaeology sites and habitation areas in the Opimihaw Creek Valley. They are pervasive in the past occupations. Investigation into other lines of evidence that depict and demonstrate the bison within the Park area is conducted, with Hoofprint Tradition rock art and the presence of bison iconography in archaeological sites. Today, Plains bison have been returned to restored grassland fields at Wanuskewin. Their presence is for education, restoration, culture, and ceremony. They are a spiritual herd and give a visual for how their presence would have been felt in the past. The bison are a part of every aspect of the story of Wanuskewin. With the archaeological research done, specifically faunal analyses and the remains from Wolf Willow, bison are clearly important. Current efforts from Wanuskewin Heritage Park to become established as a UNESCO World Heritage site have ideas coming up about what makes this space truly special. The second part of this work discusses this, and how so easily every part of the story of Wanuskewin relates back to bison. They are what Wanuskewin is about, past and present, and give it its Outstanding Universal Value

Soil redistribution impacts on the spatial variation of nutrients, net carbon exchange with the atmosphere and soil respiration rates in highly eroding agricultural fields from the foothills of the Indian Himalaya.

Abstract Using the tracer caesium-137 (137Cs) and experimental approaches this study quantified soil redistribution induced spatial variation of nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOC), net C flux between soil and atmosphere and soil respiration rate at various landscapes positions (eroding to deposition) within agricultural fields from the foot hills of Indian Himalaya. The depth distributions of 137Cs and the spatial patterns of 137Cs inventories were consistent with previous applications of the approach in that low inventories were associated with low concentrations in the cultivation layer and high inventories were reflected in deeper 137Cs profiles indicative of accumulation of labelled soil. This supports the contention that 137Cs is a suitable tracer for use in this environment. The study found that soil redistribution within fields altered the spatial variation of nutrients and SOC; with significantly lower concentrations of nutrients in the most eroded part of fields (upslope) and significantly higher concentrations of nutrients and SOC in the depositional part of field (downslope). The spatial pattern of nutrients and SOC is reflected in differences in depth distributions between eroded and depositional areas. The 137Cs and SOC inventory and depth distribution data were used to derive retrospective assessments of net C exchange between soil and atmosphere. The C flux quantification model was used to estimate lateral and vertical soil and SOC redistribution under an assumption of equilibrium conditions and the net exchange of C between soil and atmosphere was derived from the difference between measured and ‘equilibrium’ SOC inventories. Fluxes were derived for each landscape position within the agricultural fields studies and calculated at field and site scale. High rates of soil loss were measured and the results showed that the majority of eroded sediment and SOC was exported from field with only a small fraction redeposited within the field. The effect of soil and SOC redistribution was to create disequilibrium in SOC dynamics at eroding and deposition positions and this supported the formation of a field scale C sink. The sink strength is highest in the most eroded parts of the fields due to dynamic replacement of eroded C. This is assumed to be due to the high rate of incorporation of SOC-poor subsoil, with a large C-unsaturated surface area, into the cultivation layer. The C sink is smaller that those reported from high nutrient-input mechanised farm lands. Irrespective of the fate of exported SOC, the SOC stocks in the fields appear to be in dynamic equilibrium and, therefore, there is no evidence of a C source to the atmosphere due to erosion. Also the rate of SOC export from the fields is very high, especially when compared with mechanised fields and, if it is assumed that some portion of exported C is stored in some part of low lying area, the C sink strength would be comparable to mechanised farm lands. The soil redistribution and C flux study confirmed the existence of spatial variation in C flux at various landscapes position and was consistent with an important role for vertical mixing of soil and SOC in determining net C exchange with the atmosphere. This informed the design of the final element of the research that examined soil respiration differences in soil from shallow and deep layers in eroding and aggrading landscapes position. Respiration was measured over a one year period in samples derived from separate depth layers and in mixtures of soil from different depths at each landscape position. No significant difference was found in C release rate (per unit mass of C) from topsoil of eroding and deposition position but the subsoil of eroding pits exhibited significantly higher C release than the subsoil from deposition positions. This result suggests that topsoil in both locations has almost equal and similar C origin. The relatively high rate of respiration in sub soils from eroding pits may be due to the presence of a larger proportion of SOC formed from recently incorporated plant material (crop roots) at these locations. In buried and deposition locations the reduced mineralisation is consistent with the proposition that burial of top soil can contribute to formation of a C sink. In the samples containing mixed topsoil and subsoil, evidence for priming was seen where the respiration rate in the mixed sample was significantly higher than the expected rate based on the respiration rate seen in the separate depth samples. No priming was evident in mixed soils from eroding locations, suggesting that mixing of subsoil and surface soil does not accelerate loss of old SOC from the subsoil. In contrast, significant priming action was evident in mixed soils from aggrading locations suggesting that buried SOC at depositional locations may be subject to accelerated respiration as long as it is exposed to fresh plant input (as found in surface soils). In conclusion, despite the low input and low productivity of the farmlands in the Indian Himalaya region studied here, there is consistent evidence that high rates of soil erosion and soil redistribution have induced spatial variation of nutrients and SOC, net C flux and soil respiration rates that combine to create a pattern of SOC stocks that are close to equilibrium and, if some of the exported C is sequestered, to create a net C sink. This result again confirms that erosion induced redistribution of C does not directly cause a net release of C to the atmosphere. The consistency of these results with previous studies suggests that there is both scope and need for soil erosion induced carbon fluxes to be incorporated into carbon budgets, research frameworks, land management and climate change mitigation strategies at policy-relevant scales.Indian Council of Agricultural Research and University of Exete

Bacterial phase variation associated with repetitive DNA

Phase variation is mechanism of phenotypic switching used by many pathogenic bacterial species. This thesis describes work on three aspects of phase variation. Mathematical models are described which can be used to determine the rate of phase variation and subsequently the influence of variation rate and fitness differences associated with the altered phenotype on population structure. An approach to whole genome analysis has been developed which has been used to identify putative phase variable contingency genes in H. pylori, T. pallidum and N. meningitidis. This has identified many new contingency genes likely to be involved in host - bacterium and bacterium population interactions. Finally, a detailed molecular investigation of the promoter of the phase variable opc gene of N. meningitidis is presented. In this it is shown that the promoter located homopolymeric tract controls transcription by affecting the relative spacing and facing of promoter components, that this determines RNA polymerase binding to the promoter, and that this interaction involves direct contact of the α-subunit of RNA polymerase with the promoter. In addition it is shown that transcription is dependent upon an IHF consensus sequence in the opc promoter

Тартуский государственный университет библиография трудов за 1977 г. 2

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1128134~S1*es

Durham miners and unionism, 1831 - 1926: a sociological interpretation

This thesis offers an explanation of why the Durham miners, while taking part frequently in bitter industrial clashes with their employers never moved as a body to attack the system of British capitalism as a whole. It is argued that the experience of the pitmen constitutes a particular case of what has been called the ‘dialectics of incorporation' of the working class under a system of bourgeois hegemony. The thesis opens with a consideration of three new beliefs about the Durham miners. It is suggested that these beliefs are in fact myths which in both revealing and concealing the real situation embodied certain important paradoxes. These paradoxes centred on a sort of ambivalence, an important degree of tension within the miners’ organisation, which was a hall-mark of the pitmen’s' industrial and political activity between 1831 - 1926 and which resulted in the definitive oscillations between dissent and consensus which are to be observed both within the miners' fraternities and in the pattern of their involvement in the nexus of labour and capital. The study is necessarily limited in scope and I have chosen to cover fully one particular, rather underused, primary source - the records of the Durham Miners' Association - over a long period of time rather than to range widely over numerous sources but in a narrowly restricted tame span. Either procedure has its disadvantages and neither could claim to achieve a definitive analysis of the Durham miners' involvement in the wider social, economic and political system. For the purposes of advancing the interpretation presented here it seemed right to attempt coverage of a long period of historical development even at the cost of depth of research. It will be appreciated that the conditions covering the presentation of an M.A. dissertation would in any case have made a definitive history impossible

Sectional Buckling of Built-up Cold-Formed Steel Columns

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections are characterised by their high strength-to-weight ratio resulting in extensive applications that range from sheeted wall systems to low-rise frames. The manufacturing process of CFS and the introduction of built-up sections permit the optimisation of their geometry for enhanced capacity, which can further extend CFS applications. However, the presence of discrete fasteners can influence the behaviour of built up members, including their buckling modes and associated capacities. This research investigates the sectional buckling of built-up CFS columns through a series of experimental tests and detailed finite element (FE) analyses. A comprehensive nonlinear FE model was developed by appropriately accounting for material and geometric nonlinearities, imperfections, restraint conditions, and constraints due to discrete fasteners and contact between component elements. The numerical model was shown to yield predictions in excellent agreement with experimental observations and utilised to perform extensive parametric studies on the influence of cross-section geometry and fastener spacing. A novel application of the Compound Strip Method to the elastic stability analysis of built-up members with discrete fasteners was also established to serve as a simple yet accurate analytical tool for practical design purposes. The reliability of the effective width method and the Direct Strength Method (DSM) for the design of built-up columns was assessed in the context of the Australian and North American provisions. The current DSM equations for local and distortional buckling capacities were rationally modified for conformal reliability in terms of the relative number of restrained components undergoing the sectional buckling mode of interest and the fastener spacing ratio normalised to the associated critical buckling half-wavelength. The proposed adjustments provided consistent predictions for different cross-section and fastener configurations