Spartan Daily November 24, 2009

Volume 133, Issue 44https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/1311/thumbnail.jp

The Young Stellar Population of the Nearby Late-Type Galaxy NGC 1311

We have extracted PSF-fitted stellar photometry from near-ultraviolet, optical and near-infrared images, obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, of the nearby (D ~ 5.5 Mpc) SBm galaxy NGC 1311. The ultraviolet and optical data reveal a population of hot main sequence stars with ages of 2-10 Myr. We also find populations of blue supergiants with ages between 10 and 40 Myr and red supergiants with ages between 10 and 100 Myr. Our near-infrared data shows evidence of star formation going back ~1 Gyr, in agreement with previous work. Fits to isochrones indicate a metallicity of Z ~ 0.004. The ratio of blue to red supergiants is consistent with this metallicity. This indicates that NGC 1311 follows the well-known luminosity-metallicity relation for late-type dwarf galaxies. About half of the hot main sequence stars and blue supergiants are found in two regions in the inner part of NGC 1311. These two regions are each about 200 pc across, and thus have crossing times roughly equal to the 10 Myr age we find for the dominant young population. The Luminosity Functions of the supergiants indicate a slowly rising star formation rate (of 0.001 Solar masses per year) from ~100 Myr ago until ~15 Myr ago, followed by a strong enhancement (to 0.01 Solar Masses per year) at ~10 Myr ago. We see no compelling evidence for gaps in the star-forming history of NGC 1311 over the last 100 Myr, and, with lower significance, none over the last Gyr. This argues against a bursting mode, and in favor of a gasping or breathing mode for the recent star-formation history.Comment: AASTex, 34 pages, 13 postscript figures. Accepted for publication by The Astronomical Journa

1311

1311 son los millones de habitantes de la India según los últimos datos de la ONU en 2015. Según esta misma organización, 7350 millones de seres humanos habitamos el planeta y los efectos de este enorme crecimiento ya pueden percibirse en indicadores como el aumento de la pobreza y las desigualdades, conflictos, el exceso de contaminación, el calentamiento global o la sobreexplotación del medio; todos ellos consecuencia de la superpoblación. Este asunto ha sido tratado y debatido a lo largo de los últimos siglos desde un punto de vista casi exclusivamente sociopolítico dando como resultado una serie de teorías que en muchos casos repercuten negativamente en las libertades individuales de la población. Se ha tratado exclusivamente como una cuestión de cifras a reducir ya sea a través de la educación, la elaboración e imposición de leyes o la concienciación mediante novelas y películas. 1311 retrata una ciudad futura que no niega la realidad superpoblada a la que se enfrenta. La acepta y trata de convivir con ella a través de la remodelación de una red de gestión de recursos compuesta actualmente por infraestructuras interdependientes en creciente obsolescencia derivadas del modelo de ciudad formal. No se trata de un proyecto de soluciones definitivas e inamovibles sino de la definición de un sistema, una forma de hacer, pensar y utilizar una serie de estrategias que nos permitan abarcar un futuro cada vez más presente

An analysis of Voter Fraud in The United States

As federal and state officials consider future reform efforts, as well as the merits of existing reforms, there is an acute need for better information and analysis about election and voter fraud issues. While the issue of fraud is raised continually in discussions of election reform, to date there have been few major studies of voter fraud in the United States. Too often in this area, hearsay and anecdotal information are put forth as fact in important public policy debates. Many key questions about fraud remain unanswered, including: How often does voter fraud occur? How serious a problem is fraud compared to other problems with the election process, such as those that occurred in Florida in the 2000 election or in Ohio in 2004? What kinds of voting methods are most vulnerable to corruption? What administrative, technological and legal steps can be taken to reduce the chances of voter fraud while also expanding opportunities to register and vote

Linear circuit analysis program for IBM 1620 Monitor 2, 1311/1443 data processing system /CIRCS/

CIRCS is modification of IBSNAP Circuit Analysis Program, for use on smaller systems. This data processing system retains the basic dc, transient analysis, and FORTRAN 2 formats. It can be used on the IBM 1620/1311 Monitor I Mod 5 system, and solves a linear network containing 15 nodes and 45 branches