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    Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ฮณ Activation Promotes Adipogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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    Purpose: In this study, we determined that the troglitazones could induce uniform adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within a short time in a dose- and a time-dependent manners. Materials and Methods: Human MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and cultured in basal or adipogenic medium in the presence of 0 50 ฮผM troglitazone for 5 days. Then we performed flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results: In FACS assay, troglitazone induced adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. At concentration of 25 ฮผM troglitazone in adipogenic medium, over 50% of the cells differentiated into adipocytes at day 5. This was accompanied by increased mRNA levels for the adipocyte gene markers (LPL, aP2 and PPARฮณ) in RT-PCR. In western blot analysis, we found that ERK phosphorylation was inhibited in the early stage of adipogenesis. Conclusion: Through the addition of troglitazone as a PPAR ฮณ agonist, we could get the uniform adipogenic differentiation within a short time. Thus, troglitazone directly regulates differentiation of human MSCs into adipocytes; induced PPAR ฮณ expression may play a key regulatory role in this process. And we suggest a role for ERK as a regulatory switch for these differentiation pathwaysope

    ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ท ํ˜•๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์œก์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ(Measures to foster regional universities for balanced national development)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ๋ž˜ miRNA๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์„ฑ์ œ๊ฒฝ.Adipose tissue is a major site for energy storage and plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism through the release of miRNA. It is well known about the effects of adipose tissue-derived miRNA on adipose tissue itself. However, they circulate and allow distant organs to communicate with each other. It has not been studied well about the effects of miRNA from adipose tissue on other tissues. Here we showed the effects on skeletal muscle with mice, an adipose tissue-specific knockout of the microRNA-processing enzyme Dicer (ADicer-KO). There were significant differences in skeletal muscles between WT and ADicer-KO mice in 9 weeks old, not in postnatal 10 days. ADicer-KO mice had smaller skeletal muscles and decreased expression level of myogenesis-related genes in TA muscle. Also, ADicer-KO mice showed lower expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors followed by deficient regeneration capacity after chemical-induced skeletal muscle injury. Thus, these findings indicated that adipose tissue-derived miRNA can regulate the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle.์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์ง„ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ, ๋ฉด์—ญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” exosome์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ miRNA๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „์‹  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ miRNA๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ํŠน์ด์  Dicer ๊ฒฐํ• (Adipose tissue-specific Dicer-knockout) ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ๋ž˜ miRNA๊ฐ€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก ๋‹จ๋ฉด์  ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 9์ฃผ๋ น์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ํŠน์ด์  Dicer ๊ฒฐํ• ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , TA ๊ทผ์œก์—์„œ ๊ทผ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. BaCl2๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด TA ๊ทผ์œก ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ํŠน์ด์  Dicer ๊ฒฐํ• ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทผ์›์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์ธ์ž๋“ค (Myogenic regulatory factors)์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ํŠน์ด์  Dicer ๊ฒฐํ• ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ์œก ์žฌ์ƒ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ๋ž˜ miRNA๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.Abstract 1 List of Figures 3 List of Table 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Materials and Methods 8 3. Results 13 4. Discussion 30 5. References 34 Abstract in Korean 40์„

    Effect of Doses and Formulations of Bacterial Lipase on Gastric Emptying in Canine Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

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    Background/Aims: There are few reports about the changes of gastric emptying (GE) in canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). In this study, we would like to determine whether bacterial lipase (BL) containing lipolytic activity alters GE in a dose-dependent way, different formulations of BL have different dose responses, and GE is affected by fat absorption. Methods: Five dogs underwent ligation of pancreatic ducts and insertion of duodenal cannulas. Perfusion and 72-hr fecal balance studies were performed while a high fat meal (fat 43%) was given. Powder or microtablet shaped BL were given at doses ranging from 0 to 400ร—103 IU. GE of liquid and solid meal markers was evaluated by total delivery (% total amounts delivered to duodenum), AUC (area under curve), T10 and T50 (minutes for 10% or 50% of ingested markers to arrive in duodenum). Results: GE of liquid meal marker was delayed in a dose-dependent way, but showed no formulation dependency. GE of solid meal marker was also delayed in dose-dependent way. Fat absorption was associated with delay of GE of liquid meal marker but it is not associated with GE of solid meal marker (p=0.0013). Conclusions: In dogs with EPI which took a high fat diet, GE of liquid and solid meal is delayed in a dose-dependent way, but not in formulation-dependent way. In addition, delay of GE of liquid meal correlates with fat absorption.ope

    ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋ฌธํ™”์ง„ํฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : [ํŠน์ง‘ | ๋ฌธํ™”์œต์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตญํ† ๋ฐœ์ „ 1

    ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์–‘๊ทนํ™”์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ(Social polarization in housing sector: Diagnosis and policy responses)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ์ง€์—ญ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ถ„๊ถŒ ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ์ง€์—ญํ™”๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(A study on the decentralization and regionalization of regional development policy)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด์ „์‹œ์ฑ…์˜ ์ถ”์ง„๊ณผ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(A study on the regional relocation policy of public agency in capital region)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ค‘์†Œ๋„์‹œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(A study on the revitalization strategy of local small-medium-sized cities)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜์š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ง€์นจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(A study on the guideline to forecast travel demand)

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ตญํ† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
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