Smith, Howard, 1922-1944 (SC 1001)

Finding aid and scan (Click on additional files below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1001. World War II correspondence, chiefly written by Howard Smith to his family in Hart and LarueCounties, Kentucky. Smith was a munitions carrier in Company C, 133rd Infantry Division. Also contains letters from friends and family and information about his death in Italy in 1944 and his reburial in Smith Cemetery (Priceville, Kentucky) in 1949

Refusing disembodiment: abortion and the paradox of reproductive rights in contemporary Italy

Employing insights from Italian sexual difference theory on law and rights, this article examines how both the text of the Italian Abortion Law of 1978 and its operation reveal the contradictions within liberal rights discourse on reproductive freedom. The Act itself contains traces of both Roman Catholic and liberal pluralist worldviews and has, since its introduction, been the site of conflict over competing notions of citizenship and legal identity. This article explores the impact of the Act's paradoxical nature on its operation against the background of the complex debates within the different strands of feminist theory in Italy over the question of reproductive freedom. From the publisher's website at: http://fty.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/2/22

Shaping Public Opinion and the Law: How a “Common Man” Campaign Ended a Rich Man’s Law

Kornhauser recounts the legislation which enacted in 1934 required all income taxpayers to submit pink slips with their tax returns. The information required by the pink slip would then be made available for public inspection. The disclosure regime was repealed less than one year later, largely through the remarkably effective efforts of one person--Raymond Pitcairn, a wealthy lawyer. She describes a multifaceted public-relations campaign, orchestrated by Pitcairn, that would be sophisticated even by today\u27s standards. Two aspects of Pitcairn\u27s campaign were especially impressive. The first was his ability to enlist the zeitgeist in his efforts; the trial of Bruno Hauptmann for the kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby was proceeding as Pitcairn was advocating repeal of the disclosure requirement, and Pitcairn argued effectively that the disclosure requirement would encourage additional kidnappings. The second was his ability to convince Congress and the public that repeal was in the interests of the common man, despite the inconvenient fact that the income tax applied to less than ten percent of the population

Long way to nationalization. Foreign and domestic actors in the early electrification of Portugal (1922-1944)

Economic nationalism underpinned the Second Postwar Era of nationalizations of electrical sectors. Then, peripheral countries enjoyed an industrial surge along with electrification progress. This paper examines what had happened in the Portuguese electrification before the first step to “domestication” and nationalization in 1944. Then, cooperation between foreign and domestic operators with the Government made a great leap forward to the country’s electrification. This intervention was based on the assumption that foreign companies had not been willing to fully foster the electrification of this poor country during the interwar period. The Portuguese case confirms that international holding-groups eventually determined the pace of adoption of this public intervention, but also claims that the responsibility for this state of affairs partly rested with the nationalistic policies on behalf of the Government

Nothing Comes to Her Who Sits and Waits: The League of Women Voters and Citizenship After Woman Suffrage, 1920-1940

Rather than viewing the Nineteenth Amendment as an endpoint of the woman suffrage movement, this amendment should instead be viewed as a stop along the way. No one piece of legislation guaranteed all women the right to vote, nor did the Nineteenth Amendment grant women equal citizenship status with men. Founded in 1919, the League of Women Voters of Iowa became the successor of the Iowa Equal Suffrage Association, carrying on a legacy of activism and resistance to gender-based discrimination. While the right to vote made up a large part of what most suffragists thought of as citizenship, many women quickly realized there were other legal and social discriminations against women that limited women’s autonomy. The League of Women Voters of Iowa (LWV of Iowa) continued to fight for gender equality, capitalizing on the existing organizational structures left behind by the Iowa Equal Suffrage Association. Moving into the 1920s and 1930\u27s, the League of Women Voters of Iowa participated in the enduring women\u27s movement, focusing primarily on women-specific legislation and reform, as well as voter education and educated suffrage. This paper utilizes primary archival sources to argue that the LWV of Iowa’s activity between 1920 and 1940 demonstrates the continuation of the women\u27s movement post-Nineteenth Amendment during a period many scholars view as a silent period for women’s activism. In cooperation with the National League of Women Voters, the LWV of Iowa worked to define and redefine citizenship throughout the 1920s and 1940s at both the state and national levels

Review of Yiannos Katsourides', History of the Communist Party in Cyprus: Colonialism, Class and the Cypriot Left

Yiannos Katsourides. History of the Communist Party in Cyprus: Colonialism, Class and the Cypriot Left. London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2014. 266 pp