Local availability and long-range trade: the worked stone assemblage

Inter disciplinary study of major excavation assemblage from Norse settlement site in Orkney. Combines methodological and typological developments with scientific discussion

In-country Research and Data Collection on Forced Labor and Child Labor in the Production of Goods: Nepal

ILAB_In_country_research_and_data_collection_on_FL_and_CL_India.pdf: 27 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007-11: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition

The excavations at Kilise Tepe in the 1990s inevitably left a range of research questions unanswered, and our second spell of work at the site from 2007 to 2011 sought to address some of these, relating to the later second and early first millennia. This article gathers the architectural and stratigraphie results of the renewed excavations, presenting the fresh information about the layout and character of the Late Bronze Age North-West Building and the initial phases of the Stele Building which succeeded it, including probable symbolic practices, and describing the complex stratigraphic sequence in the Central Strip sounding which covers the lapse of time from the 12th down to the seventh century. There follow short reports on the analyses of the botanical and faunal materials recovered, a summary of the results from the relevant radiocarbon dating samples and separate studies addressing issues resulting from the continuing study of the ceramics from the different contexts. Taken together, a complex picture emerges of changes in settlement layout, archi¬tectural traditions, use of external space, artefact production and subsistence strategies during the centuries which separate the Level III Late Bronze Age settlement from the latest Iron Age occupation around 700 BC

Religious education and the unconscious: an investigation of children from seven to eleven years

This thesis examines recent research into the validity of Piaget's theories as to how children assimilate, think, and learn, and analyses in detail the research of Br. Ronald Goldman, who based his theories concerning Religious Education upon the psychology of Piaget. The thesis shows how, although having exerted influence over religious education in Britain for over twenty years, the theories of Dr. Goldman are unhelpful for effective teaching in the field of religious, education, as they fail to give recognition to the significance of environment and experience for a child's receptivity of teaching, concentrating as they do too* much upon chronological age. By the use of various enquiries, the current level of understanding of religion among children of Junior School age is investigated, and found to be lacking in any conceptual development from the Infant Stage. The problem, apparently, is that the children are not introduced to any other concepts of God than "Father", with the result that unhelpful anthropomorphic concepts form and receive reinforcement. The problem posed is how to make use of children's experiences in order to develop deeper thought concerning religious interpretations of life. Two basic types of experience are identified and examined, and related to the psychology of Dr. C. G. Jung: the personal experience and the collective experience. By practical classroom work, which is illustrated throughout, specific religious topics are investigated, drawing upon these two basic types of experience. It is shown that, contrary to Goldman's theory, junior children are capable of analysing quite sophisticated Biblical material, and further, show themselves capable of considerable thought about religious matters and symbolism: in general. The thesis concludes by listing various implications for the Primary School Curriculum. For religious education to be effective, it needs to have its foundations within both personal and collective experience. Thought needs to be drawn out from the children by the use of carefully planned schemes of work, and where possible the children should be given the opportunity of extending and deepening their thought by problem; solving activities related to the theme being followed. In contrast to Dr. Goldman's recommendations, the high potential of junior children for abstract thought and reasoning is illuminated throughout and illustrated, and the use of Biblical, and other religious writings and material is recommended for use in the classroom

Excavations at Iona Abbey 2017: Data Structure Report

Initial summary of 2017 excavations at Iona Abbey

Scottish Archaeological Research Framework: Future Thinking on Carved Stones

No abstract available

An investigation into the non-uniform decay of Hardwick Stone

Hardwick stone as used on the vernacular Hardwick Estate buildings decays in a non-uniform way. Typically stones at Hardwick decay cavernously leaving the mortar matrix behind. Levels of decay can vary dramatically from stone to stone with one stone showing advanced decay whilst adjoining stones are relatively intact. Ten sample buildings giving a total of 1587m² of elevations and with a good geographical spread across the estate were surveyed. Ratings were assigned according to condition. It was shown with 95% confidence that the weathering on the western elevations is significantly worse than that seen on the eastern elevations of the sample buildings. Northern elevations had high levels of stonework in good condition, while western elevations had the lowest. The prevailing wind direction on the Estate is west to north-west. The difference in levels of decay below 1 metre and above 1 metre has been shown to be significant at the 95% confidence level with a slight correlation between levels of stone decay and building height (above sea level). The survey also highlighted stone decay parallel to, but offset from, the roofline where there were no overhanging gables present. In contrast, buildings constructed with protruding cills were often observed to have areas of decay underneath the cills. Stone decay often appears to be associated with the path of the chimney

The Monumental Cemeteries of Northern Pictland

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Early Scottish Monasteries and Prehistory: A Preliminary Dialogue

Reflecting oil the diversity of monastic attributes found in the east and west of Britain, the author proposes that prehistoric ritual practice was influential on monastic form. An argument is advanced that this was not based solely oil inspiration Front the landscape, nor oil conservative tradition, but oil the intellectual reconciliation of Christian and non-Christian ideas, with disparate results that account. for the differences in monumentality. Among more general matters tentatively credited with a prehistoric root are the cult of relics, the tonsure and the date of Easter