Cabestan Drum in Portable Winches: Experimental Study and Application Perspectives

В статье рассматривается возможность применения кабестанового барабана в мобильной лебедке для подъема и опускания грузов. Проведен анализ существующих решений грузоподъемных лебедок. Описаны конструкция и принцип работы кабестанового барабана, а также представлен экспериментальный подход для определения его тяговой способности и условий проскальзывания веревки относительно барабана. Экспериментально подтверждена способность кабестанового барабана обеспечивать тяговую способность нагрузки не менее 500 кг при подъеме грузов. Выявлены ограничения, вызванные конструктивными особенностями барабана и влияющие на его работу в обратном направлении. Сделаны выводы о перспективах применения кабестанового барабана в мобильных подъемных системах.The article considers the possibility of using a cabestan drum in a portable winch for lifting and lowering loads. The existing solutions of hoisting winches are analyzed. The design and principle of operation of the cabestan drum are described, and an experimental approach for determining its carrying capacity and conditions of rope slippage relative to the drum is pre- sented. The ability of the cabestan drum to provide a load pulling capacity of at least 500 kg when lifting loads is experimentally confirmed. The limitations caused by the design features of the drum and affecting its operation in the reverse direction are revealed. Conclusions are made about the prospects of application of the cabestan drum in portable lifting systems. Keywords: cabestan drum, portable winch, cabestan, side stopper

Financial Sustainability of Energy Business Development: The Unregulated Activity Phenomenon

The article presents study results showing the increasing role of unregulated activity as a boost for innovative processes in energy companies and their investment appeal. A summary of academic literature, reports by leading consulting companies, and international energy agencies make it possible to outline the landscape of the most economically viable areas of business activity in the energy industry, the most promising of which are energy efficiency, design and deployment of EV charging networks, smart grids, and telecom services. Analysis of financial performance statements of over 30 energy companies from different countries demonstrates the contribution of unregulated activities to their financial stability, which shows in growing profits, capitalization, and stock prices. It is revealed that despite the active promotion of unregulated activities by the state that primarily seeks to achieve the goals of the low-carbon transition, there is a stronger government presence in the capital structure of energy companies, which in the future will slow down investment activity in the industry. In this regard, the discussion considers the barriers to organizing unregulated business in the electricity sector and methods to eliminate them. In particular, a set of necessary conditions is defined, under which entrepreneurship in the industry contributes to improving the efficiency of the main business processes—production and transportation of energy.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaThe research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development as part of Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged

Traction Synchronous Machine with Rotor Field Winding and Two-Phase Harmonic Field Exciter

Many modern electric drives for cars, trucks, ships, etc., use permanent magnet synchronous motors because of their compact size. At the same time, permanent magnets are expensive, and their uncontrolled flux is a problem when it is necessary to provide a wide constant power speed range in the field weakening region. An alternative to permanent magnet motors is synchronous motors with field windings. This article presents a novel design of a traction brushless synchronous motor with a field winding and a two-phase harmonic exciter winding on the rotor and zero-sequence signal injection. The two-phase harmonic exciter winding increases the electromotive force on the field winding compared to a single-phase one and makes it possible to start the motor at any rotor position. This article discusses the advantages of the proposed design over conventional solutions. A simplified mathematical model based on the finite element method for steady state simulation is presented. The machine performance of a hysteresis current controller and a field-oriented PI current controller are compared using the model.Russian Science Foundation, RSF, (24-29-00753)This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant 24-29-00753

Темпоральность профессионального самоопределения студентов России и Беларуси

Introduction. The massification of education, coupled with the rapid transformation of the labor market, highlights the importance of professional self-determination and the development of pathways for students’ professional growth. Aim. The present research aims to analyse the subjective assessments of students from Russia and Belarus concerning the key characteristics of the temporality of their professional self-determination. Methodology and research methods. Students’ professional self-determination is viewed as a temporal process, encompassing a time perspective that ranges from selecting a university and field of study (reflecting on the past) to planning their future professional trajectory after graduation (looking toward the future). This article is based on data collected from a survey of 3,000 third-year students from Russia (Ekaterinburg) and Belarus (Grodno). The sample was stratified by gender and educational profile. Results. The proportion of young people who are satisfied with their professions is high, at approximately 90%. However, only about one-third of students engage in professional goal setting. This suggests that, despite having made random choices regarding their professions in the past and currently perceiving them as satisfying, students tend to think situationally. They often fail to construct a long-term professional trajectory for the future, limiting their planning to actions that occur only after graduation. Notably, nearly half of the students from Russia (47%) and more than two-thirds from the Republic of Belarus (71%) are willing to retrain and learn a new profession if necessary. While there are similarities in the structures of labour values and the motives for job satisfaction among Russian and Belarusian students, their perceptions of the future differ due to varying mechanisms for entering the labour market. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the development and implementation of a novel approach, created by the authors, to examine key aspects of the temporality of students’ professional self-determination. An analysis of data from a sociological survey conducted among students in two countries reveals the connections between the past, present, and future that emerge in the consciousness of youth regarding their professional development. Additionally, the factors influencing this process are identified. Practical significance. The results of the study can be utilised by university management to facilitate students’ conscious professional goal setting, which serves as a crucial component in the process of professional self-determination.Russian Science Foundation, RSF, (24-48-10012); Russian Science Foundation, RSFThis work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project \u2116 24-48-10012, https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-48-10012/

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF TERMINONEOLOGISMS IN THE SPHERE OF MINING AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES FROM ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTO RUSSIAN

В статье рассматриваются особенности перевода терминонеологизмов в сфере майнинга и криптовалют с английского языка на русский и определяются ведущие способы перевода. В центре внимания находится трансформация терминонеологизмов данной сферы посредством калькирования и транскрипции (транслитерации).The article considers the peculiarities of translation mining and cryptocurrency terminology from English language into Russian and identifies the leading translation methods. The focus is on the transformation of mining and cryptocurrency terminology by means of calquing and transcription (transliteration)