Analysis of Banking Credit Response to Quantitative Easing Policy during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: IPB University

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi respon kredit/pembiayaan perbankan dan menganalisis variabel karakteristik bank apa saja yang menyebabkan dan berpotensi membedakan respon kredit/pembiayaan perbankan setelah penerapan kebijakan Quantitative Easing selama pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Tipologi Klaassen, Analisis Diskriminan, dan metode Multinomial Logistic. Dengan data kuantitatif dari 30 bank yang masuk dalam buku 2 dan 3, diperoleh hasil bahwa Pada Quantitative Easing 1 masing-masing terdapat 15 bank yang memiliki pertumbuhan kredit/pembiayaan positif, sedangkan pada pelonggaran kuantitatif 2 terdapat 14 bank yang memiliki pertumbuhan kredit/pembiayaan positif dan 16 bank dengan pertumbuhan kredit/pembiayaan stagnan atau negatif dengan variabel yang dapat membedakan respon kredit bank adalah pertumbuhan deposit. Studi ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa dengan metode Multinomial Logistic menunjukkan bahwa variabel positif yang signifikan di semua kuadran adalah rasio aset sekuritas terhadap total asetThe purpose of this study is to identify the response of banking credit/financing and to analyze which bank characteristic variables have caused and had the potential to differentiate in banking credit/financing responses after the implementation of the quantitative easing policy during the Covid-19 pandemi in Indonesia. This study uses the Klaassen Typology, Discriminant Analysis, and Multinomial Logistics methods. With quantitative data from 30 banks included in books 2 and 3, the results show that In quantitative easing 1, there are 15 banks respectively that have positive credit/financing growth, while in quantitative easing 2 there are 14 banks that have positive credit/financing growth and 16 banks with stagnant or negative credit/financing growth with variable that can distinguishes the bank\u27s credit response is deposit growth. The study also concluded that with the Multinomial Logistic method show that a significant positive variable in all quadrants is the security asset to total assets ratio

MSMEs Distribution Pattern Tourism Village in Increasing MSMEs Income in Biduk Biduk District, Berau Regency: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, IPB Univeristy

Memahami klasterisasi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) penting dalam pengembangan kebijakan daerah, pengembangan lokasi usaha dan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola  sebaran  UMKM desa wisata dalam meningkatkan pendapatan UMKM di Kecamatan Biduk Biduk Kabupaten Berau. Data diperoleh melalui survey 98 UMKM dengan teknik purposive sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan nearest neightbour analysis, teori aglomerasi dan teori lokasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pola distribusi UMKM membentuk pola mengelompok berdasarkan nilai z-score dan nilai indeks tetangga terdekat. Nearest Neigthbor Ratio (NNR) terendah 0.567589  pada Desa Teluk Sumbang, tertinggi Desa Giring Giring dengan NNR 0.776032, dan nilai rata-rata jarak terdekat UMKM satu dengan yang lain 2 meter. Pola sebaran UMKM yang cenderung mengelompok terkait kedekatan dengan objek wisata desa, pemukiman penduduk, kedekatan dengan jalan utama, fasilitas sekolah dan kedekatan dengan lokasi hotel, dan homestay. Berkembangnya pariwisata dan ekonomi berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan UMKM.  Pendapatan setiap UMKM bervariasi, namun total pendapatan dan rata-rata pendapatan tertinggi UMKM terdapat di Desa Biduk Biduk. Kajian terkait pola sebaran dan aglomerasi UMKM desa wisata masih terbatas. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi  bagi para peneliti, pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi bisnis  dalam pengembangan UMKM khususnya di perdesaan Kabupaten Berau dan di wilayah  lain.Understanding Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMs) clustering is important in developing regional policies, business locations and economic growth in a region. This study analyzes MSMEs distribution pattern in tourist villages in increasing their income in Biduk Biduk District, Berau Regency. Data were collected through a survey of 98 MSMEs and analyzed using nearest neighbor analysis, and location theories. The results show that the MSME distribution pattern forms a clustering pattern based on z-score and the nearest neighbor ratio (NNR) value. The lowest NNR was 0,567589 in Teluk Sumbang Village, the highest was in Giring Giring Village with an NNR of 0,776032, and the average the closest distance between MSMEs was 2 meters. The clustering pattern of MSMEs is related to proximity to village tourism objects, residential areas, main roads, school facilities, hotel and homestay.. The MSMEs income varies with total income and the highest average income of MSMEs is in Biduk Biduk Village. However, studies related to the distribution pattern of MSMEs in tourism villages are still limited. This research is useful as a reference for researchers, policy makers and business practitioners in developing MSMEs, especially in rural Berau Regency and the region beyond

Factors Affecting Perception of Central Bank Digital Currency in Indonesia: BPS, IPB University

Meningkatnya penggunaan mata uang digital swasta dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas kebijakan moneter, menempatkan pemerintah di bawah tekanan untuk mengadopsi Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaku ekonomi dalam penggunaan CBDC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas dan keamanan dapat meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen dalam menggunakan CBDC dan publisitas mempengaruhi perubahan perilaku pelaku ekonomi dalam meningkatkan konversi uang fiat ke CBDC.The increasing use of private digital currency can affect the effectiveness of the monetary policy, putting the government under pressure to adopt the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). This study aims to analyze the factors that influence economic actors in the use of CBDC. The results showed that the effectiveness and safety may increase the consumer satisfaction with using CBDC and the publicity influences changes in the behavior of economic actors in increasing the conversion of fiat money to CBDC

Analysis of the Effect of Global Uncertainty and Financial Development on Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia: IPB Univeristy

The world is currently facing unprecedented uncertainty in social, political, and economic aspects, which continuously evolve every year owing to extraordinary events that impact countries worldwide. In contrast, The growth strategy of a country organizes must include Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), especially in Indonesia. The fluctuation in foreign investment in Indonesia indicates that foreign investors also consider growing global uncertainty alongside the development of Indonesia’s financial sector. This study examines the relationship between global uncertainty and financial development on FDI in Indonesia from 1997 to 2020 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The results indicate that global uncertainty significantly negatively impacts Indonesia’s FDI in the short and long terms. However, global economic policy uncertainty positively influences Indonesia’s FDI in the long term. This indicates that Indonesia has become an attractive alternative for foreign investors during global economic policy uncertainty. Regarding financial development, the amount of credit provided by the domestic banking sector to the private sector in Indonesia positively influences Indonesia’s FDI in both the short and long terms. This demonstrates that Indonesia’s financial condition and infrastructure can determine foreign investors’ decisions to invest in Indonesia.Dunia saat ini menghadapi ketidakpastian yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dalam bidang sosial, politik, dan ekonomi, yang terus berkembang setiap tahun akibat peristiwa luar biasa yang sangat mempengaruhi negara-negara di dunia. Namun demikian, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) berperan penting dan menjadi strategi andalan dalam pembangunan suatu negara, terutama bagi Indonesia. Fluktuasi investasi asing yang masuk ke Indonesia mengindikasikan bahwa para investor asing juga mempertimbangkan ketidakpastian global yang semakin meningkat sejalan dengan perkembangan sektor keuangan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak ketidakpastian global dan perkembangan keuangan terhadap Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di Indonesia dari tahun 1997 hingga 2020 dengan menggunakan pendekatan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakpastian global secara signifikan berdampak negatif terhadap investasi langsung asing (FDI) Indonesia pada jangka pendek dan panjang. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kondisi global yang bergejolak dan peristiwa yang tak terduga telah membuat para investor asing menjadi lebih berhati-hati dan enggan untuk berinvestasi di Indonesia. Namun demikian, ketidakpastian kebijakan ekonomi global memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap investasi langsung asing (FDI) Indonesia dalam jangka panjang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa selama periode ketidakpastian kebijakan ekonomi global, Indonesia telah menjadi negara pilihan bagi para sebagian investor asing yang mencari stabilitas dan peluang investasi yang menguntungkan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa tingkat perkembangan keuangan, terutama jumlah kredit yang disediakan oleh sektor perbankan domestik kepada sektor swasta di Indonesia, memiliki dampak positif terhadap investasi langsung asing (FDI) baik dalam jangka pendek atau panjang. Dengan demikian, dipahami bahwa betapa pentingnya kondisi keuangan dan infrastruktur Indonesia dalam membentuk keputusan investor asing untuk berinvestasi di negara ini

Strategy to Increase Property Tax Revenue in West Bangka Regency: IPB University

Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah bertujuan untuk mewujudkan kemandirian daerah. Suatu daerah harus memiliki kemampuan keuangan daerah untuk menciptakan kemandirian daerah, yang terlihat dari tingginya Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Upaya mewujudkan kemandirian daerah melalui peningkatan PAD dilakukan dengan menggali sumber-sumber PAD, salah satunya dengan menggali potensi sumber pajak daerah yaitu pajak bumi dan bangunan di pedesaan dan perkotaan (PBB-P2). PBB-P2 merupakan pajak yang penerimaannya meningkat setiap tahun akibat dari pembangunan suatu daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi potensi penerimaan PBB-P2 dan merekomendasikan strategi peningkatan penerimaan PBB-P2. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis penerimaan PBB-P2 dan multikriteria policy (MULTIPOL). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perkiraan potensi pendapatan yang harus dimaksimalkan sebesar Rp 8.03 milyar. Alternatif strategi untuk meningkatkan penerimaan PBB-P2 di Kabupaten Bangka Barat adalah melalui kebijakan pemutakhiran data, pengembangan sumber daya manusia, pemanfaatan teknologi, peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan wajib pajak, dan peningkatan pengawasanThe implementation of regional autonomy aims to realize regional independence. A region must have regional financial capacity to create regional independence, which can be seen from the high regional original income (PAD). Efforts to realize regional independence through increasing PAD are carried out by exploring PAD sources, one of which is by exploring potential sources of regional taxes, namely property tax in rural and urban areas (PBB-P2). PBB-P2 is a tax whose revenue increases every year as a result of the development of a region. the purpose of this study is to identify the potential for PBB-P2 acceptance and recommend strategies to increase PBB-P2 revenue. The analytical method used is PBBP2 acceptance analysis and multi-criteria policy (MULTIPOL). The results of the study show that estimated potential income that must be maximized is IDR 8.03 billion. Alternative strategies to increase PBB-P2 revenue in West Bangka Regency are through data updating policies, developing human resources, using technology, increasing the understanding and knowledge of taxpayers, and increasing supervisio

Willingness to Pay and Factors Affecting the Income of Rice and Corn Farmers in the Use of Superior Seeds in North Raman Sub District: IPB University

Salah satu subsektor pertanian adalah tanaman pangan seperti padi dan jagung yang merupakan sumber utama karbohidrat. Faktor produktivitas tanaman pangan tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh penggunaan benih. Raman Utara merupakan wilayah yang berpotensi memiliki produktivitas tinggi pada tanaman tersebut. Namun kualitas benih di daerah ini mengalami masalah sehingga berdampak pada produktivitas padi dan jagung yang rendah. Benih unggul menjadi solusi terbaik untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tetapi harga yang mahal menjadi kendala petani untuk membelinya. Kesediaan petani untuk membayar benih unggul bersertifikat menjadi salah satu persoalan karena pendapatan petani yang rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pendapatan dan kesediaan membayar petani terhadap penggunaan benih. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari 100 responden dengan 60 petani padi dan 40 petani jagung. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu regresi linear berganda (OLS), regresi logistik, dan contingent valuation method. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel luas lahan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan serta variabel pupuk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pemilihan benih padi hibrida dan inbrida. Hasil lainnya menunjukan variabel penerimaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan serta variabel pupuk dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani jagung. Kesediaan membayar petani untuk benih padi dan jagung lebih besar dibandingkan dengan harga aktual pasaran.One of the agricultural sub-sectors is food crops, such as rice and corn which is the main sources of carbohydrates. The factor of productivity’s food crops is due to the use of seeds. Raman Utara is a region that has the potential to have high productivity in rice and corn. However, the quality of seeds in the region has a problem that has an impact on the low productivity of rice and corn. Superior seed is the best solution to increase productivity but the high price will make it difficult for farmers to buy them. So farmers\u27 willingness to pay for certified superior seed is one of the problems because of low farmer’s income. The purpose of this study is to analyze farmers\u27 income and willingness to pay for using seeds. The data were used in the study from 100 respondents with 60 farmers of rice and 40 farmers of maize. Data was collected using the purposive sampling method. Multiple linear regression (OLS), logistic regression, and contingent valuation methods were used as analysis methods. The results of the study showed that the variable of land area has negative and significant and the fertilizer’s variable has positive and significant to the selection of hybrid and inbred rice seeds. The other results showed that the variable of revenue has positive and significant and the fertilizer and labor variables have negative and significant to the income of corn farmers. The willingness to pay farmers for seed is more than the actual market price

COVID-19 dan Kinerja Ekspor Sektor Agroindustri Indonesia: Pendekatan Analisis Input-Output: Institut Pertanian Bogor

Sektor agroindustri merupakan sektor yang berperan dalam menciptakan nilai tambah pertanian dan menghasilkan devisa melalui ekspornya. Tahun 2020 kinerja ekspor agroindustri mengalami penurunan akibat Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengganda impor dan kinerja ekspor agroindustri Indonesia di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa Tabel Input-Output Indonesia tahun 2016 dan perubahan ekspor masing-masing subsektor agroindustri tahun 2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kinerja ekspor sektor agroindustri terhadap output, pendapatan, dan tenaga kerja berdampak  negatif paling besar bagi industri tekstil dan pakaian jadi. Sementara dampak positif paling besar diperoleh padi, kelapa sawit, peternakan, dan industri makanan di masa pandemi Covid-19.The agro-industrial sector is a sector that plays a role in creating added value for agriculture and generating foreign exchange through its exports. In 2020, the export performance of agroindustry experienced a decline due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the import multiplier and export performance of Indonesian agro-industry during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses secondary data in the form of Indonesian Input-Output Tables in 2016 and changes in exports of each agro-industry sub-sector in 2020. The results of the analysis show that the export performance of the agro-industry sector on output, income, and labor has the biggest negative impact on the textile and apparel industry. While the biggest positive impact was obtained by rice, palm oil, livestock, and the food industry during the Covid-19 pandemic

The Impact of Trans Java Toll Road Construction on Economic Growth in Central Java: IPB University

Infrastruktur jalan sebagai salah satu unsur dalam pelayanan jasa transportasi merupakan unsur penting dalam mendukung mobilitas di bidang ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Salah satu infrastruktur jalan yaitu jalan tol dibangun dengan tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan jasa distribusi guna menunjang peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk mewujudkan  pemerataan pembangunan serta keseimbangan dalam pengembangan wilayah. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak keberadaan jalan tol Trans Jawa terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah yang merupakan salah satu provinsi yang dilintasinya. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan jalan tol meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di kabupaten/kota yang dilintasinya. Oleh karena itu, agenda perluasan cakupan wilayah kabupaten/kota yang dijangkau jalan tol di Jawa Tengah perlu dilanjutkan agar mendukung keseimbangan dan pemerataan pembangunan. Sementara itu faktor lain berupa sumber daya manusia dan kontribusi sektor pertanian juga memengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi.Road infrastructure as an element in transportation services is an important element in supporting mobility in the economic, social and cultural fields. One of the road infrastructures, namely toll roads, are built with the aim of increasing the efficiency of distribution services in order to support economic growth in order to realize the equitable development and the stability in regional development. This study analyzes the impact of the construction of Trans Java toll road on the economic growth of districts/cities in Central Java, one of the provinces crossed by this toll road. The analytical tool used is panel data regression. The results of the analysis show that the existence of toll roads increases economic growth in the districts/cities they pass through. Therefore, the agenda for expanding the coverage of districts/cities covered by toll roads in Central Java needs to be continued in order to support the stable and equitable development. Meanwhile, other factors such as human resources and the contribution of the agricultural sector also affect economic growth

Analysis of Competitiveness, Dynamics, and Determinants of Main Commodity Export Demand from Indonesia to United Kingdom: IPB University

The United Kingdom is an industrial and developed country that has the potential to become Indonesia\u27s leading commodity export market. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness, dynamics, and determinants of Indonesia\u27s superior commodity export offerings to the United Kingdom. This research method uses qualitative and quantitative approaches with RCA, EPD, x-model, and panel data regression analysis. There are ten main export commodities that have the highest RCA which is analyzed for their position and market development. So it was found that there were eight commodities that were in a falling star position with potential market development and two commodities were in a retreat position with less potential market development. The results of regression estimates show that real GDP per capita of Indonesia, export prices, population growth of Indonesia, and RCA have a significant effect on the value of Indonesian main export commodities to United Kingdom. Meanwhile, real GDP per capita of United Kingdom, economic distance and population growth of United Kingdom have no significant effect on the value of Indonesian main export commodities to United Kingdom.The United Kingdom is an industrial and developed country that has the potential to become Indonesia\u27s leading commodity export market. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness, dynamics, and determinants of Indonesia\u27s superior commodity export offerings to the United Kingdom. This research method uses qualitative and quantitative approaches with RCA, EPD, x-model, and panel data regression analysis. There are ten main export commodities that have the highest RCA which is analyzed for their position and market development. So it was found that there were eight commodities that were in a falling star position with potential market development and two commodities were in a retreat position with less potential market development. The results of regression estimates show that real GDP per capita of Indonesia, export prices, population growth of Indonesia, and RCA have a significant effect on the value of Indonesian main export commodities to United Kingdom. Meanwhile, real GDP per capita of United Kingdom, economic distance and population growth of United Kingdom have no significant effect on the value of Indonesian main export commodities to United Kingdom

State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs): The Role in Economic Development and The Determinant of Its Performance: Statistics Indonesia

Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan beberapa strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja BUMN. Namun, beberapa indikator keuangan menunjukkan bahwa program reformasi belum optimal mencapai tujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja BUMN. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas beberapa faktor yang mendasari yang mempengaruhi kinerja BUMN. Akibatnya, studi menemukan bahwa kontribusi BUMN Indonesia terhadap perekonomian relatif rendah dan stagnan. Selain itu, masih banyak BUMN yang belum beroperasi secara optimal. Hasil regresi menunjukkan kondisi keuangan BUMN semakin baik ketika perusahaan memiliki kemampuan yang lebih tinggi untuk menghasilkan keuntungan dan melunasi hutang. Selain itu, kemampuan melunasi utang lebih penting untuk menjaga kinerja keuangan BUMN, daripada kemampuan menghasilkan laba. Studi ini juga menunjukkan inefisiensi dalam pengelolaan pegawai dan perumusan kebijakan di BUMN Indonesia.The Indonesian government conduct several strategies to enhance the SOE’s performance. However, some financial indicators show that reform program has not optimally achieved the objective to enhance the SOE performance. Therefore this paper is aimed to discuss some underlying factors that influence the SOE performance. As a result, the study found that contribution of Indonesia SOEs to economy is relatively low and stagnant. Besides that, many SOEs have not yet operated optimally. The regression result show the financial condition of the SOE is getting better when it have higher ability to generate profits and pay off debts. In addition, ability to pay off the debts is more important to maintain the financial performance of SOEs, than ability to generate profit. This study also indicate inefficiency in managing employee and policy formulation in Indonesia’s SOE