Keteguhan Rekat Geser dan Keteguhan Lengkung Statis Kayu Laminasi dari Kayu Pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vr.) dan Kayu Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Berperekat Melamins Urea Formaldehida (MUF): The Shear Bond and Bending Strength of Laminated Wood From Pine Wood (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vr.,) and Sengon Wood (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Glued With Melamine Urea Formaldehyde (MUF)

Laminated wood\u27s strength properties are influenced by the arrangement of each layers. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in layers of laminated wood to the shear bond strength, modulus of elasticity (MoE) and modulus of rupture (MoR) of laminated wood from Pine (P) and Sengon (S) wood using melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive (MUF). Laminated wood is tested using German standards DIN (Deutsches Intitut fur Normung), JAS 234-2007 and SNI 7973-2013. The data testing from 6 layer variation treatments were analyzed of variance in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 replications. The highest average value of shear bond strength for laminated wood in treatment G2 (Sengon-Sengon) was 6.17 N/mm2 which met the JAS 234-2007 standard (>5.4 N/mm2) while treatment G3 (Pine-Sengon) was 4.04 N/mm2 and G1 (Pine-Pine) of 2.78 N/mm2 cannot meet the standard. The highest average MoE was at A5 (P-S-S-P-P) at 8584.27 N/mm2 and the lowest at A3 (P-S-P) at 6210.99 N/mm2 included quality codes E8 and E6 in the SNI 7973-2013 Standard. The highest average MoR was at A4 (P-S-S-S-P) at 73.23 N/mm2 and the lowest at A5 (P-S-S-P-P) at 61.98 N/mm2, all treatments included quality code E25 (>25 N/mm2) and could meet JAS 234-2007 Standards (>36.0 N/mm2). The laminated wood in this study based on MoR is included to the strength class III – II and located between the strength class of Pine wood (strength class II) and Sengon wood (strength class III).    Kayu laminasi sifat kekuatannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh penyusunan tiap lapisannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variasi lapisan kayu laminasi terhadap keteguhan rekat geser, modulus elastisitas (MoE) dan keteguhan patah (MoR) kayu laminasi dari jenis kayu Pinus (P) dan kayu Sengon (S) menggunakan perekat melamin urea formaldehid (MUF). Kayu lamina diuji menggunakan standar Jerman DIN, JAS 234-2007 dan SNI 7973-2013. Data pengujian 6 perlakuan variasi lapisan dianalisis keragaman dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 10 ulangan. Rataan keteguhan rekat geser kayu lamina tertinggi pada perlakuan G2 (Sengon-Sengon) sebesar 6.17 N/mm2 dapat memenuhi standar JAS 234-2007 (>5.4 N/mm2) sedangkan perlakuan G3 (Pinus-Sengon) sebesar 4.04 N/mm2 dan G1 (Pinus-Pinus) sebesar 2.78 N/mm2 tidak dapat memenuhi standar. Rataan MoE tertinggi pada A5 (P-S-S-P-P) sebesar 8584.27 N/mm2 dan terendah pada A3 (P-S-P) sebesar 6210.99 N/mm2 termasuk kode mutu E8 dan E6 pada Standar SNI 7973-2013. Rataan MoR tertinggi pada A4 (P-S-S-S-P) sebesar 73.23 N/mm2 dan terendah pada A5 (P-S-S-P-P) sebesar 61.98 N/mm2,  semua perlakuan termasuk kode mutu E25 (>25 N/mm2) dan dapat memenuhi standar JAS 234-2007 (>36.0 N/mm2). Kayu laminasi dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan MoR termasuk kelas kuat III – II dan terletak diantara kelas kuat kayu Pinus (kelas kuat II) dan kayu Sengon (kelas kuat III)

Pengaruh Tekanan Kempa, Jenis Kombinasi Kayu dan Interaksinya Terhadap Kualitas Mutu Papan Laminasi

Lamination technology is an effort to overcome various problems resulting from the wood industry experiencing difficulties in finding raw materials to support its operations. Developing environmentally friendly materials such as laminate products is also becoming a concern in the construction sector. This research will use fast-growing wood species with bamboo, namely rajumas wood, sengon wood, and petung bamboo. Several factors, including the type of wood, type of adhesive, adhesive melt weight, and compression pressure, influence the manufacture of laminated boards. This research aims to see the effect of the type of wood combination (sengon and rajumas) with petung bamboo and the effect of pressure and their interactions on their physical and mechanical properties. The experimental design was a factorial design with 2 factors (compression pressure and combination type) with four treatments and three replications. Based on the results of testing laminated boards\u27 physical and mechanical properties, several conclusions can be drawn, such as density testing, which shows that the type of wood combination has a significant effect. At the same time, compression pressure and its interactions have no significant effect. Moisture content testing showed that pressure had a significant effect, while the type of wood combination and its interactions had no significant effect. The thickness expansion test shows that the type of wood combination and its interactions have a significant effect, while the compression pressure has no significant effect. Thickness shrinkage testing shows that the type of wood combination, compression pressure, and their interactions do not significantly affect it. Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) testing shows that the type of wood combination, compression pressure, and their interactions do not significantly affect it. Modulus of Rupture (MoR) shows that the type of combination has a significant effect, while the compression pressure and its interaction have no significant effect.Teknologi laminasi merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mengatasi berbagai permasalahan akibat industri perkayuan mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari bahan baku untuk mendukung operasionalnya, selain itu pengembangan material ramah lingkungan sebagai bahan produk laminasi menjadi perhatian dalam bidang kontruksi. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan jenis kayu cepat tumbuh dengan bambu yaitu kayu rajumas (Duabanga moluccana) dan sengon (Albizia chinensis) serta bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper). Pembuatan papan laminasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain jenis kayu, jenis perekat, berat labur perekat dan tekanan kempa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh jenis kombinasi kayu sengon dan rajumas dengan bambu petung serta pengaruh tekanan dan interaksinya terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanikanya. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan rancangan faktorial dengan 2 faktor (tekanan kempa dan jenis kombinasi) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan yaitu pengujian kerapatan menunjukan jenis kombinasi kayu berpengaruh nyata sementara untuk tekanan kempa dan interaksinya tidak berpengaruh nyata. Pengujian kadar air menunjukan tekanan kempa berpengaruh nyata sementara jenis kombinasi kayu dan interaksinya tidak berpengaruh nyata. Pengujian pengembangan tebal menunjukan jenis kombinasi kayu dan interaksinya berpengaruh nyata sementara tekanan kempa tidak berpengaruh nyata. Pengujian penyusutan tebal menunjukan jenis kombinasi kayu, tekanan kempa dan interaksinya tidak berpengaruh nyata. Pengujian Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) menunjukan jenis kombinasi kayu, tekanan kempa dan interaksinya tidak berpengaruh nyata. Modulus of Rupture (MoR) menunjukan jenis kombinasi berpengaruh nyata sementara tekanan kempa dan interaksinya tidak berpengaruh nyata

Sifat Keterawetan Kayu Rajumas (Duabanga moluccana Blume) Dengan Metode Perendaman Dingin: Durability Properties of Rajumas Wood (Duabanga moluccana Blume) by Cold Soaking Methods

Rajumas wood is a type of fast-growing wood that is included in durable class IV-V. The availability of local wood is abundant and is commonly used in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province. This wood has a low durability class, so it needs special treatment, namely pickling. This research aims to determine the level of absorption, retention, and penetration of rajumas wood. The samples used were the core and sapwood of Rajumas wood. This research uses a cold soaking method with 1% biocide preservative with a soaking time of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. The results showed that the TC sample (core part; soaking time 36 hours) produced the highest absorption and penetration values, 0.2035 g/cm3 and 0.3575 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, the GC sample produced the highest retention value (sapwood; soaking time 36 hours), namely 0.0090 g/cm3. These results show that the durability of rajumas wood in the heart and sapwood is relatively high at the absorption level, while the retention level tends to be low.Kayu rajumas merupakan salah satu jenis kayu cepat tumbuh (fast growing wood species) yang termasuk dalam kelas awet IV-V. Ketersediaan kayu lokal ini sangat banyak dan umum digunakan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Kayu ini memiliki kelas awet rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan perlakuan khusus yaitu pengawetan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat absorbsi, retensi, dan penetrasi dari kayu rajumas. Sampel yang digunakan berupa bagian teras dan gubal kayu rajumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perendaman dingin dengan bahan pengawet biocide 1 % dengan lama waktu perendaman 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sampel TC (bagian teras; lama perendaman 36 jam) menghasilkan nilai absorbsi dan penetrasi tertinggi, masing-masing yaitu 0,2035 g/cm3 dan 0,3575 cm. Sedangkan nilai retensi tertinggi dihasilkan oleh sampel GC (bagian gubal; lama perendaman 36 jam) yaitu 0,0090 g/cm3. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa sifat keterawetan kayu rajumas pada bagian teras dan gubal relatif tinggi pada tingkat absorbsi, sedangkan pada tingkat retensi cenderung rendah

Kualitas Lingkungan pada Tegakan Mangrove di Blok Hutan Mondulambi, Taman Nasional Manupeu Tanah Daru: Environmental Quality in Mangrove Stands in Mondulambi Forest Block, Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park

Mangrove ecosystems are dynamic and vulnerable to external factors such as temperature, pH, and salinity. Changes in the quality of the environment and external conditions of the mangrove ecosystem can affect the arrangement of vegetation, species diversity, and the health and vulnerability of an ecosystem. The research aims to determine the environmental quality of external factors in the mangrove ecosystem by incorporating supporting data such as biota associations and pollutants. Measurement of environmental quality is carried out on plots of systematically dispersed samples representing ecosystems. The quality of the environment is measured using several parameters, such as temperature, salinity, pH, substrate thickness, and stagnation height, and the data is analyzed using observational and quantitative descriptive methods. The environmental quality conditions of the mangrove ecosystems in the Mondulambi Block, RPTN (National Park Management Resort) Kambatawundut, SPTN (Section of National Park Management) II Lewa, Manupeu Land Daru National Park cover salinity values ranging from 20-30 ‰ (ideal), soil pH ranges from 5-6.5 (tends to be more acidic), water pH ranges from 6-7.5 (optimal), the soil temperature ranged between 25-28°C, the water temperature ranging between 26-29°C (tendered to be lower), the lowest substrate thickness of about 2 cm and the highest thickness of 80 cm, the highest standoff height of about 9 cm, and the lowest standoff heights of around 2 cm. The results of this study describe the conditions of an ecosystem intended to be ideal.Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang dinamis dan rentan dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal seperti suhu, pH, dan salinitas. Perubahan pada kualitas lingkungan dan keadaan eksternal pada ekosistem mangrove dapat memengaruhi susunan vegetasi, keanekaragaman jenis, hingga kesehatan dan kerentanan suatu ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas lingkungan dari faktor eksternal pada ekosistem mangrove dengan menyertakan data penunjang berupa biota asosiasi dan pencemar. Pengukuran kualitas lingkungan dilakukan pada plot sampel yang tersebar secara sistematik mewakili ekosistem. Kualitas lingkungan yang diukur menggunakan beberapa parameter diantaranya suhu, salinitas, pH, ketebalan susbtrat, dan ketinggian genangan adapun data tersebut dianalisis dengan metode observasi dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Kondisi kualitas lingkungan pada ekosistem mangrove di Blok Mondulambi, RPTN (Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional) Kambatawundut, SPTN (Seksi Pengelolaan Taman Nasional) II Lewa, Taman Nasional Manupeu Tanah Daru meliputi nilai salinitas berkisar 20-30 ‰ (ideal), pH tanah berkisar 5-6.5 (cenderung lebih asam), pH air berkisar 6-7.5 (ideal), suhu tanah berkisar 25-28°C, suhu air berkisar 26-29°C (cenderung lebih rendah), ketebalan substrat terendah sekitar 2 cm dan ketebalan tertinggi 80 cm, ketinggian genangan air tertinggi sekitar 9 cm dan ketinggian genangan air terendah sekitar 2 cm. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan kondisi ekosistem mangrove tersebut dalam keadaan yang cenderung ideal

Limpasan Permukaan dan Erosi Tanah pada Tegakan Akasia dan Sengon Umur 11 Tahun: Limpasan Permukaan dan Erosi Tanah pada Tegakan Akasia dan Sengon

Indonesia is a country with geographical conditions located in tropical rain climates, causing variations in rainfall levels. High and varied rainfall can lead to surface run-off and soil erosion. This study aims to determine (1) the rate of surface run-off and soil mass erosion in acacia (Acacia mangium/A. mangium) stand, sengon (Falcataria moluccana/F. moluccana) stand, and open land; (2) the status of erosion hazard index, erosion hazard class, and erosion hazard levels occurring in A. mangium stand, sengon stand, and open land; (3) the relationship between rainfall and surface run-off and soil mass erosion. Erosion Measurement Plots (EMP) measuring 4 m × 10 m were established in the study site, consisting of three plots namely EMP A. mangium, EMP sengon, and EMP open land with steep slopes (25-45%). The total measured surface runoff (SR) during the study period at EMP A. mangium was 335.37 m³/ha/year, EMP sengon was 950.77 m³/ha/year, and EMP open land was 2,646.95 m³/ha/year. Meanwhile, Eroded Soil Mass (ESM) during the study period at EMP A. mangium was 0.85 tons/ha/year, EMP sengon was 2.39 tons/ha/year, and EMP open land was 195.45 tons/ha/year. The Erosion Hazard Index (EHI) value at EMP A. mangium and EMP sengon was classified as low, while at EMP open land was classified as very high. The Erosion Hazard Class (EHC) in EMP A. mangium and EMP sengon belongs to EHC I (very low), while in EMP open land belongs to EHC IV (high). Erosion Hazard Level (EHL) at EMP A. mangium and EMP sengon was included in the currently class, while at EMP open land was included in the very heavy class. The information about surface runoff and soil erosion on different land covers can be used as considerations in soil management, especially for post-mining lands.Indonesia is a country with geographical conditions located in tropical rain climates, causing variations in rainfall levels. High and varied rainfall can lead to surface run-off and soil erosion. This study aims to determine (1) the rate of surface run-off and soil mass erosion in acacia (Acacia mangium/A. mangium) stand, sengon (Falcataria moluccana/F. moluccana) stand, and open land; (2) the status of erosion hazard index, erosion hazard class, and erosion hazard levels occurring in A. mangium stand, sengon stand, and open land; (3) the relationship between rainfall and surface run-off and soil mass erosion. Erosion Measurement Plots (EMP) measuring 4 m × 10 m were established in the study site, consisting of three plots namely EMP A. mangium, EMP sengon, and EMP open land with steep slopes (25-45%). The total measured surface runoff (SR) during the study period at EMP A. mangium was 335.37 m³/ha/year, EMP sengon was 950.77 m³/ha/year, and EMP open land was 2,646.95 m³/ha/year. Meanwhile, Eroded Soil Mass (ESM) during the study period at EMP A. mangium was 0.85 tons/ha/year, EMP sengon was 2.39 tons/ha/year, and EMP open land was 195.45 tons/ha/year. The Erosion Hazard Index (EHI) value at EMP A. mangium and EMP sengon was classified as low, while at EMP open land was classified as very high. The Erosion Hazard Class (EHC) in EMP A. mangium and EMP sengon belongs to EHC I (very low), while in EMP open land belongs to EHC IV (high). Erosion Hazard Level (EHL) at EMP A. mangium and EMP sengon was included in the currently class, while at EMP open land was included in the very heavy class. The information about surface runoff and soil erosion on different land covers can be used as considerations in soil management, especially for post-mining lands

Pengaruh Tekanan Kempa Terhadap Keteguhan Lengkung Statis Pada Sambungan Menjari Kayu Meranti Merah (Shorea sp.) Dengan Perekat Polivinil Asetat (PVAc)

The joint of glued laminated wood with adhesive is widely used and affects the static bending strength value in its use. The compression pressure is one of the critical factors in the gluing of joints. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in compression pressure on the static bending strength of finger-jointed red meranti (Shorea sp.) wood glued with an exterior type of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive in Synteco brand. The static bending strength testing referred to the German standard DIN (Deutsches Intitut fur Normung) DIN 52186-78. The data from 3 treatments of compressive pressure variations (2 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3 bar) were analyzed for variation in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 replications. The research results showed that the highest static bending strength of finger-jointed Shorea sp. was found at a compression pressure of 3 bar (P3), in which its modulus of elasticity (MoE) was 9,975.53 N/mm2 and the modulus of rupture (MoR) was 60.77 N/mm2. The MoE and MoR of the finger-jointed wood were still lower than its control (without joints), in which MoE was 10,017.07 N/mm2 and MoR was 82.07 N/mm2.Penyambungan kayu lamina dengan perekat banyak digunakan dan mempengaruhi nilai keteguhan lengkung statis dalam penggunaannya. Tekanan kempa adalah salah satu faktor yang penting dalam perekatan sambungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi tekanan kempa terhadap keteguhan lengkung statis pada sambungan menjari kayu Meranti Merah dengan perekat polivinil asetat (PVAc) merk Synteco tipe eksterior. Pengujian keteguhan lengkung statis menggunakan standar Jerman DIN (Deutsches Intitut fur Normung) DIN 52186-78. Data pengujian dari 3 perlakuan variasi tekanan kempa (2 bar, 2,5 bar dan 3 bar) dianalisis keragaman dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 20 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rataan tertinggi keteguhan lengkung statis terdapat pada perlakuan sambungan menjari dengan tekanan kempa 3 bar (P3) yaitu modulus elastisitas (MoE) sebesar 9,975.53 N/mm2 dan keteguhan patah (MoR) sebesar 60.77 N/mm2. Nilai MoE dan MoR pada sambungan menjari ini masih lebih rendah daripada kontrol (tanpa sambungan) yaitu MoE sebesar 10,017.07 N/mm2 dan MoR sebesar 82.07 N/mm2

Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Kerapatan Vegetasi Mangrove di Kecamatan Siantan, Kabupaten Mempawah: Changes in Land Cover and Mangrove Vegetation Density in Siantan District, Mempawah Regency

One of the mangrove forests in Mempawah Regency is located in Siantan District. Mangrove forests have ecological, social, and economic functions to support the lives of living things that live around them. The extent and density of mangrove vegetation are essential parameters to determine the condition of mangroves in Siantan District to recommend rehabilitation that needs to be pursued. Data were collected from Landsat 7 images in 2010 and Landsat 8 images in 2021 with guided classification and visual interpretation to obtain a map of changes in mangrove land cover in 2010-2021. Vegetation density was obtained through Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis, divided into five density classes: very dense, dense, medium, sparse, and unvegetated. This study found that the secondary mangrove forests in Kecamatan Siantan decreased by 176.35 hectares during 2010-2021, turning into shrubs, open land, and plantations, especially in former pond areas. The most extensive deforestation turned 107.18 hectares of secondary mangrove forest into shrubs. Reforestation occurred during 2010-2021 amounted to 123.55 hectares. Natural or artificial bare land turned into 71.44 hectares of mangrove ecosystem. In 2010, the dense class dominated the mangrove forest density (60.03%) but decreased in 2021 (14.9%). A sparse class of density was not detected in 2010, but in 2021, the area of sparse density was 148.53 hectares, composed of shrubs and coconut plantations.Salah satu hutan mangrove di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat terletak di Kecamatan Siantan, Kabupaten Mempawah. Hutan mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi untuk mendukung kehidupan makluk hidup yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Luasan dan kerapatan vegetasi mangrove menjadi parameter penting untuk mengetahui kondisi mangrove di Kecamatan Siantan untuk merekomendasikan rehabilitasi yang perlu diupayakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan dan kerapatan vegetasi di kawasan mangrove Kecamatan Sintan. Data yang dibutuhkan yaitu Citra Landsat 7 tahun 2010 dan Citra Landsat 8 Tahun 2021 dengan klasifikasi  terbimbing dan interpretasi visual maka diperoleh peta perubahan luasan hutan mangrove tahun 2010-2021. Kerapatan vegetasi diperoleh melalui analisis Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) yang dibedakan menjadi 5 kelas kerapatan yaitu sangat lebat, lebat, sedang, jarang, dan tidak bervegetasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terjadi deforestasi dan degradasi hutan mangrove. Hutan mangrove sekunder di Kecamatan Siantan mengalami penurunan luas sebesar 176.35 hektar selama tahun 2010-2021. Lahan beralih menjadi semak belukar, tanah terbuka, dan perkebunan terutama pada kawasan bekas tambak. Deforestasi sebesar 107.18 hektar mengubah hutan mangrove sekunder menjadi semak belukar. Reforestasi terjadi selama tahun 2010-2021 seluas 123.55 hektar. Tanah terbuka secara alami atau buatan (penanaman) beralih menjadi ekosistem mangrove seluas 71.44 hektar. Tahun 2010 hutan mangrove didominasi kerapatan lebat (60.03%) tetapi tahun 2021 kerapatan lebat hanya mencapai 14.9 %. Kerapatan jarang tidak terdeteksi pada tahun 2010, tetapi tahun 2021 luasan kerapatan jarang adalah 148.53 hektar yang merupakan semak belukar dan perkebunan kelapa

The Pengaruh Perlakuan Impregnasi dengan MEG dan PEG Terhadap Warna Kayu Jati Solomon

The color of wood is an important indicator that can be used for assessing the quality of wood, particularly for decorative product applications. This research aims to analyze the results of color changes in Solomon teak wood with impregnation modification (0.5 bar of vacuum for 60 minutes and 2.5 bar pressure for 120 minutes) using the impregnants monoethylene glycol (MEG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The Solomon teak wood used measures 2 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm, with a total of five repeated samples. The research results indicate that the treatment with PEG resulted in greater changes in brightness and color compared to aquades and MEG. The effect of impregnation with PEG and MEG on color change falls into the large category, while the category for wood impregnated with aquades is moderate.Warna kayu merupakan salah satu indikator penting yang dapat digunakan dalam menilai kualitas kayu, khususnya untuk pemakaian produk secara dekoratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil perubahan warna kayu Jati Solomon dengan modifikasi impregnasi (vakum 0.5 bar selama 60 menit dan tekan 2.5 bar selama 120 menit) menggunakan impregnan Monoethylene glycol (MEG) dan Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Kayu jati Solomon yang digunakan berukuran 2 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm sebanyak lima sampel ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan PEG mengakibatkan perubahan kecerahan dan perubahan warna yang lebih besar dari pada aquades dan MEG. Pengaruh impregnasi dengan PEG dan MEG terhadap perubahan warna termasuk kategori besar, sedangkan kategori sedang pada kayu impregnasi dengan aquades

Pemetaan dan Analisis Pengelolaan Sampah di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika, NTB: Mapping and Waste Management Analysis in The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Mandalika, NTB

One of the main tourist destinations in NTB Province currently is the Mandalika area, part of the Central Lombok region. This area is designated a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) based on PP Number 52 of 2014. Tourist visits increased drastically at the 2021 World Superbike (WSBK) event, and it is assumed that this will grow at the upcoming 2022 MotoGP event. An increase in the number of tourists has a positive and negative impact on the environment, along with increasing waste production. This research analyzed waste generation, composition, and effective waste management in the Mandalika SEZ. Analysis of waste production and composition will be carried out by referring to SNI 19-3964-1994 regarding methods for collecting and measuring samples of urban waste production and composition while analyzing waste management in the Mandalika SEZ, which was carried out by interview. The research results show that the average waste production in the Mandalika SEZ is 58.16 kg/Day. The most dominant waste composition is organic waste originating from food scraps, with an average of 39.56 kg/day, followed by the amount of plastic waste with an average of 16.41 kg/day. The smallest amount of waste at the research location is paper waste, with an average of 0.48 kg/day, and other waste is used diapers, with an average of 1.71 kg/day. The Waste Management Model shows that the average waste produced at the research location is 58.16 kg in one day. As a result of the indicators of waste production, in just one month, the waste production reached 1744.80 kg/day if it was not handled at all. Based on the research results, waste management modeling was produced by increasing public awareness, organic waste management using the Anaerobic Digestion Method and inorganic waste management using the recycling method. This modeling shows that the method applied can reduce waste production by up to 0.15%, namely 263.10 kg/day.Salah satu tujuan wisata utama di Provinsi NTB saat ini adalah Kawasan Mandalika yang merupakan bagian dari wilayah Lombok Tengah. Kawasan ini ditetapkan menjadi Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) berdasarkan PP Nomor 52 Tahun 2014. Kunjungan wisatawan meningkat drastis pada gelaran Wolrd Superbike (WSBK) 2021 dan diasumsikan akan bertambah pada gelaran MotoGP 2022 mendatang. Pertambahan jumlah wisatawan tidak hanya menimbulkan dampak positif namun juga dampak negatif pada lingkungan seiring dengan bertambahnya timbulan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis timbulan, komposisi dan pengelolaan sampah yang efektif di KEK Mandalika. Analisis timbulan dan komposisi sampah akan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada SNI 19-3964-1994 tentang Metode pengambilan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan dan komposisi sampah perkotaan sedangkan analisis pengelolaan sampah di KEK Mandalika dilakukan dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata timbulan sampah di KEK Mandalika adalah 58.16 kg/Hari. Komposisi sampah yang paling mendominasi adalah sampah organik yang berasal dari sisa-sisa makanan dengan rerata 39.56 kg/hari, diikuti dengan jumlah sampah plastik dengan rerata 16.41 kg/hari. Sampah dengan jumlah terkecil di lokasi penelitian adalah sampah kertas dengan rerata 0.48 kg/hari dan sampah lainnya berupa popok bekas dengan rerata 1.71 kg/hari. Model Pengelolaan Sampah menunjukkan bahwa rerata timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan di lokasi penelitian adalah 58.16 kg dalam satu hari. Akibat indikator dari timbulan sampah maka hanya dalam kurun waktu satu bulan timbulan sampah sudah mencapai 1744.80 kg/hari jika tidak ditangani sama sekali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dihasilkan pemodelan pengelolaan sampah dengan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, pengelolaan sampah organik dengan Metode Anaerobic Digestion dan pengelolaan sampah anorganik dengan Metode daur ulang. Pemodelan ini menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diterapkan dapat menekan timbulan sampah hingga 0.15% yakni 263.10 kg/hari

Komponen Kimia Serat Daun Doyo (Curliglia latifolia): Chemical Properties of Doyo (Curliglia latifolia) Leaf Fibers

Local communities widely use natural fibers to fulfill their daily needs. Doyo leaf fibers are fibers used by the people of Kalimantan for clothing and weaving traditional mats. This research analyses the fundamental properties of doyo leaf fibers, including chemical components, functional groups, and crystallinity index. The soluble extractive content of polar solvents was higher than the extractive content of non-polar solvents in doyo leaf fibers. The holocellulose content of doyo leaves is 60.47. The α-cellulose for doyo leaves was 53.51. The lower the α-cellulose yield, the more hemicellulose content dominates the fiber. The FTIR test results also support the chemical component test results. The high alpha cellulose content will affect the fiber’s crystallinity index. Doyo leaf fiber has a degree of crystallinity of 69.77%. Doyo leaf fiber is suggested as the raw material for crystalline nanocellulose.Masyarakat lokal banyak memanfaatkan serat alam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Serat daun doyo (C. latifolia) merupakan serat yang digunakan masyarakat Kalimantan untuk bahan pakaian dan tenun tikar tradisional. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa serat alam asal Kalimantan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk turunan yang inovatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis sifat dasar serat daun C. latifolia meliputi komponen kimia, gugus fungsi, dan indeks kristalinitas. Kandungan ekstraktif terlarut pada pelarut polar lebih tinggi dibandingkan kandungan ekstraktif pelarut non polar pada serat daun C. latifolia. Kandungan holoselulosa daun C. latifolia sebesar 60.47%. Kadar alfa selulosa daun C. latifolia sebesar 53.51 %. Hasil pengujian FTIR juga mendukung hasil pengujian komponen kimia. Kandungan alfa selulosa yang tinggi akan mempengaruhi indeks kristalinitas serat. Serat daun C. latifolia mempunyai derajat kristalinitas sebesar 69.77%. Serat daun C. latifolia disarankan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan nanoselulosa kristal