Prevalence of Insomnia in patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A cross-sectional study from selected region of Hamirpur, India

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14012927 This cross-sectional survey was conducted over the course of a year in 2021 among people of the Indian city of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, with participants selected by a convenient sampling procedure. Patients who did not use any form of medicine for their sleep problems were eligible for inclusion, but those who already had sleep disorders and used sleeping pills or psychoactive substances, or had a serious mental disease and drug addiction were excluded. Ultimately, 50 was selected for the research. Each participant completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire, which consists of five items with a total score ranging from 0 to 28. This study found that individuals had an ISI of 13 ± 6.2 before and 21 ± 2.2 after CABG. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to describe the prevalence of insomnia in patients undergoing CABG in this population/region. According to our findings from comparing the Insomnia Severity Index, severe problems were previously documented in patients undergoing CABG. It is because the worry of a heart attack might occur at any time prior to the CABG. After the CABG, the blockage issue in the heart attack incidence were eliminated, and the assurance of life felt rose, thus severe sleeplessness decreased significantly over time

Consumption of caffeinated Energy Drinks and their symptoms among undergraduate students from Bengaluru Rural District, India: A cross-sectional study

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14043458This study aimed to investigate the consumption of EDs and their symptoms among undergraduate students in two degree colleges in Bangalore, India. The data was collected via an online self-administered questionnaire. It consists of three sections to fulfil the study's objectives. Descriptive statistics were used to represent participants' socioeconomic and demographic information, daily habits, consumption of energy drinks, and side effects. The final sample size is 179, but 350 students from various higher secondary schools were initially enrolled in this study. 51.14% of the 179 undergraduate degree students who participated in this survey responded. Since a 171 undergraduate students expressed no interest in participating in our study. The primary reason why 76.53% of participants in our study drank caffeinated EDs was to refresh their moods. The majority of students (52.51) drank one can per week. For one year, almost the same amount of students take caffeinated EDs. Half of the students used alcohol, while the majority of students (60.33%) smoked. Of all students, 56.98% and 57.54%, respectively, had irregular sleep patterns. The majority of research participants (90.39%) reported experiencing particular symptoms after consuming energy drinks, as Table 3 illustrates. 30.16% experienced acidity, sleep deprivation (20.67%), headache (11.73%), omitting (5.09), elevated heart rate (32.96%), stomach pain (8.37%), and stress (10.61%), whereas 10.61% had no symptoms. The findings of this study suggested that college students' desire to try new things, stress from examinations, and parties are all contributing to the rise of caffeinated EDs in the diet, which is harmful to their health. These issues should be considered when developing regulations to safeguard young people from the health consequences and side effects of energy drinks.

A clinico-epidemiological investigation of human Leptospirosis in the Panhala hill area of Maharashtra, focusing on agricultural and dairy farm-A Population Based Case Control Study

Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.11070962 The clinico-epidemiological study, which focused on agricultural and dairy settings in the Panhala hill area of Maharashtra, was a beneficial method to studying the dynamics of human leptospirosis in that particular location. A population-based case-control research can shed light on the disease's risk factors and assist guide focused efforts for prevention and treatment. In this study, we enroll individuals who have been diagnosed with leptospirosis (cases) and compare them with a control group of individuals without the disease. The study aim to collect data on various clinico-epidemiological factors to determine potential associations and risk factors for leptospirosis in the agricultural and dairy settings of the Panhala hill area. For the age group and gender, a total of 22 confirmed cases of leptospirosis were documented. Of the cases, the age group of 36–56 years accounted for 60% of them, followed by 15–35 years (40.9%) and 56+ years (12.5%). More than 81.81% lived in rural regions, with almost 68.18% working as farmers, followed by animal husbandry (22.72%) and daily wage jobs (9.09%) such as dairy work. In control there were Males 20 and 24 females. By conducting a clinico-epidemiological investigation in the Panhala hill area, researchers can gain a better understanding of the local dynamics of leptospirosis transmission, identify specific risk factors in agricultural and dairy settings, and develop evidence-based strategies for prevention and control. The findings from such a study can contribute to the overall knowledge and public health response to leptospirosis in the region

Assessment of household food handling knowledge and practice changes before and after the Covid19 pandemic

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11352218 Present study aims Assessment of household food handling knowledge and practice changes before and after the Covid19 pandemic. At Present SARS-CoV-2 has not been shown to be transmitted by food. However, the COVID-19 epidemic has altered household’s perceptions about food and safety. This study evaluated households food safety behaviours before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using cross-sectional survey. In our study, the most significant difference was observed in kitchen and food hygiene in terms of sanitization for infection prevention. The expenditure on the hygiene was increased fivefold. We selected higher levels of observed data to summarize Table 2. Hand hygiene and proper hand washing knowledge in participants before Covid19 was in the category "No knowledge" with 196 (71.27%), but Secure knowledge was 210 (73.36%) after Covid19.  The importance of cleaning groceries in participants before Covid19 was Primary 156 (56.72%), while Secure knowledge 167 (56.72%) after Covid19 was noted. Food securities Knowledge in participants before the Covid19 was Primary 93(33.18%) whereas secure knowledge 179(65.09%), Also, before Covid19, primary hygiene when handling cooking utensils was 197 (71.63%), while secure knowledge was 213 (77.45%). As a result, a questionnaire was used to collect information on household expenses, such as knowledge of food security, hand hygiene and proper hand washing, the usage of hand sanitizer, and hygiene when using kitchen utensils before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics and effect of Smoking Cessation on WBC and platelet indices: a retrospective study

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11144421 The aim of this study was to assess the values of mean platelet volume (MPV) in regular smokers and the effect of smoking cessation on WBC and MPV. The study included 46 regular smokers (mean age: 36.4 + 9.6 years). Smokers were chosen among those who had visited a smoking cessation outpatient clinic from August 2021 through March 2022. 40 out of 46 frequent smokers were successful in quitting. Platelet indices, including MPV, platelet count, platelet distribution width (PDW), and white blood cell (WBC) count, were assessed per months following smoking cessation in 40 subjects and compared to their baseline platelet indices. There were no statistically significant differences between the Smoker and control groups with respect to age, gender, BMI19.2/20.9, SBP 132/129.9, DBP 79.6/78.3 and levels of glucose higher in smoker group (102.8 ± 10.3/96.3 ± 10.9), creatinine 0.91±0.11 / 0.8 ± 0.2, total cholesterol 186.2 ± 36.9/196.5 ± 21.3, triglyceride 147.7±78.2/150.3 ±  73.8, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 111.6±39.2/123.8 ± 30.6, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 42.9±10.0/45.9 ± 9.6, WBC 5.99±7.2/5.62 ±6.50, haemoglobin 14.9±1.0/14.2±1.5, The MPV values were significantly higher in smokers than those of controls (8.02 ± 0.72/7.50 ± 0.32) and PDW 15.1±1.3/15.2±1.6. Platelet count was higher in the control group 225.6 ± 32.0 than Smoker group 191.9 ± 40.2 but the difference did not reach a statistically significant level. By emphasizing the connection between smoking, platelet activation, and cardiovascular diseases, can contribute to increasing the motivation for smokers to make the decision to quit and ultimately improve their overall health and well-being.

Vitamin A deficiency and Ocular manifestation among rural children aged 6-15 in Tajikistan

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11220533 Vitamin A deficiency is major concern especially for the children living in developing countries. According to UNICEF, around one-third of children do not receive adequate Vitamin A supplementation. The present study focuses on Vitamin A deficiency and Ocular manifestation among rural children aged 6-15 in Tajikistan. Anemia is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age (WRA) and is associated with high maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This community-based cross-sectional study was done vitamin A deficiency survey of children aged 6-15 in Tajikistan (rural areas). The study included a sample of children of mixed socio-economic status who reside in municipalities of high social vulnerability located in Tajikistan. The sample size studied in this survey was 276 children of aged 6-15 years, prevalence of vitamin A deficiency at 95% confidence level. In the current research, 169 (61.23) children had vitamin A deficiency, with anemia in 154 (55.79%) of them, iodine deficiency in 193 (9.92%), conjunctival xerosis in ocular manifestations, 0.36% of Bitot's spots, corneal xerosis in 1.08%, and keratomalacia missing

Quality of life 5 years after cardiac surgery: Preoperative and Postoperative status

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13579591 A prospective cohort research in Maharashtra state, India, assessed changes in quality of life (QoL) following cardiovascular surgery at two major hospitals. Par­ticipated in a study about five years earlier, Data were collected from Jan-2018 to Feb-2023. All willing participants aged 45 to 75 years old with a CAD diagnosis, who could speak and read local/English and were scheduled to have CABG surgery, were invited to participate in a patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment. Among 175 patients enrolled total participants were 150, aged 45 to 75 undergoing scheduled cardiac surgery during the study period. The characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. The patient flow through the study is outlined in Figure 1. All responders are male patients, The mean age when responding was 61.2. Health-related characteristics of the participants (N = 150) five years after  coronary artery bypass graft surgery stated in table3. Health-related characteristics of the participants (N = 150) five years after  coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the stress, exercise and perceived health status was improved, the reduced counts of patients numbers shown in case of habits i.e. Smoking and Drinking, than the preoperative health status. Our findings indicate that the physical and mental component of QoL improves considerably up to 5 years following surgery. A questionnaire-based study will not identify all concerns experienced by the patients. Therefore, more  information might be obtained by further studies using other designs such as qualitative interview techniques

Carotenoids from marine bacteria: A natural antioxidant and UV protectant

For the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors, marine resources are a promising supply of organic substances. Marine organisms have evolved particular metabolites to combat threats to their survival, reproduction, and the easier storage, movement, and turnover of essential biological materials in habitats with extreme conditions like high salinity, low temperature, or intense pressure.Several newly conducted research studies on pigments, such as violacein, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, rubrolone, and carotenoid derivatives of bacteria from marine sources, confirm their effective radical scavenging activity. Carotenoids are tetraterpene, lipophilic bioactive pigments synthesized by archaea, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, and plants. Carotenoids are divided into two categories, oxygenated carotenoids (xanthophylls) having oxygen as a functional group, and hydrocarbon carotenoids (carotene) made of carbon and hydrogen atoms Carotenoids are important because of their functional properties, which include their usage in the food industry as color additives and natural antioxidants, as well as chemotaxonomic markers and pharmaceuticals. The present review aims to describe 1) carotenoids from marine bacteria 2) the antioxidant properties of carotenoids 3) the Exposure consequences of ultraviolet radiation 4) the protective role of carotenoids. Photoaging, sunburn, and skin cancer are all possible side effects of excessive UV exposure. Carotenoids have potential use in the pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industry as anti-aging, photoprotective, skin-whitening, anticancer, and immunity boosters because of their antioxidant and UV protection properties

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and the Need for Outreach Programs to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes in Women without Antenatal Care

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10701572 The study's findings would highlight the importance of complete prenatal care, which includes frequent STI testing and management. It would emphasize the importance of healthcare systems ensuring that all pregnant women have access to and can afford prenatal care. Furthermore, the findings may emphasize the necessity of public health efforts to raise knowledge about the impact of STIs on pregnancy outcomes and promote safer sexual behaviors. The study included data on the Sexually transmitted infections of 250 pregnant mothers without antenatal care who delivered in hospital, were 36% pregnant mothers infected with syphilis, were 50% pregnant mothers infected with Hepatitis B, were 8% pregnant mothers infected with genital ulcer and were 6% pregnant mothers infected with vaginal discharge. The success of outreach programs is highly dependent on several factors, and tailoring interventions to the specific needs of the community is essential. Here are some additional considerations regarding the factors that can influence the success of outreach programs targeting women without antenatal care: Therefore, while designing a health program for people living in rural regions without access to a large health facility, both the use of mass media and on-site small group education should be taken into account

Neonatal Tetanus: demographics, clinical management and outcomes of A Study of 7 Cases in Afghanistan

This study aims to study the demographics, treatment and outcome of neonatal tetanus patients managed at Nangarhar Regional Hospital Afghanistan from June 2019-January 2021. Seventeen neonates were studied. All presented with fever, poor sucking and limb stiffness, with a history of unsterile delivery and uncertain maternal tetanus immunity status. Low-resource settings continue to report high mortality from neonatal tetanus, due to lack of sophisticated management modalities like neuromuscular blockade and invasive ventilation [20-23]. The age group of mothers 21-25 of admitted neonates shows high frequency i.e 42.85%. Education of mother of admitted neonates was Primary education i.e 57.14%. 71.42 % (5) mothers not vaccinated. The vaccination awareness should be implemented in community by organising various awareness camp town wise. Government should implement the education mandatory and free for below poverty class and females