Dealing with Outbreak of Monkey Pox Virus in Iran

Iran has raised concerns about the new outbreak of monkeypox (MV), it’s a serious issue for our 85 million population. Iran has identified its first case of monkeypox reported 16, Aug, woman aged 34, in the city of Ahvaz. The outbreak of the Monkeypox virus increasing daily in many areas, and causes deaths are reported. This article deals with the ongoing outbreak of monkeypox virus (zoonotic) that belongs to the genus orthopoxvirus, which was confirmed in May, 2022 and has similar symptoms as of smallpox but is less contagious and less severe illness than smallpox. The article also deals with its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Recent Advances in the development of Modified Release Tablets by amalgamating both Solubility Enhancement and Polymer Matrix Sintering Technologies.

Background: The fact that about 90 % of newly discovered API’s or new molecular entity(NME) have little or no aqueous solubility, causes a significant protest to the initialization of development and their scale up of dosage form in the Pharma Industry. Aqueous solubility of API’s has critical role in drug dissolution or availability of drug at the site of action or bioavailability, when a dosage form is administered orally. Objective: The object of this study is to formulate a modified release tablet dosage form of a poorly aqueous soluble drug, which not only have higher aqueous solubility or bioavailability but also have sustained release characteristics with high mechanical strength &their commercial viability. Numerous techniques are available for the solubility enhancement but all individual techniques have its own limitations for commercialization. Method: Aqueous solubility of drugs is improved by the known Solubility enhancement techniques like Micronization &Solid dispersions. After successful solubility enhancement, sustained release or modified release tablets of poorly aqueous soluble drug can be easily formulated into a suitable shape or size by using a known Polymer Matrix Sintering Technology with commercial feasibility. Micronization of poorly water-soluble drugs can be performed by Air Jet Mill or Ball Mill. Whereas Solid dispersion technique involves, molecular dispersion of poorly soluble drug in a suitable inert carrier, to form an amorphous and highly soluble compounds. Sintering Technology is defined as the bonding of adjacent particle surfaces in a mass of powder, or in compact, by the application of heat. Conventional sintering technique involves the heating of compact at a temperature below the melting point of the solid constituents in a controlled environment under atmospheric pressure. Results: Enhanced solubility of poorly soluble API’s by these proposed techniques is due to either conversion of crystalline compound in to amorphous form or reduction of particle size to its molecular level by the application of Micronization or solid dispersion techniques. The developed modified release tablets will show a sustained release characteristic due to Sintering aspect and provides enhanced solubility of BCS class II or IV drugs. Conclusion: Novel modified release tablets have been designed through consolidation of Solubility enhancement and Polymer Matrix Sintering technologies. Simultaneous exploitation of well-known and established approaches- Micronization (optimum particle size reduction) or solid dispersion, optional surfactant and Polymer Matrix Sintering Technique in the recent concept, produces significant enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble API’s without compromising the content uniformity of dosage form and also provide a modified or sustained release characteristics with high mechanical strength. The release profile of drug can be easily tailored by using combination of both techniques where challenges of low solubility are prominent

Alcohol consumption and associated factors among customers in Local Beer bars in South Africa: a Cross-Sectional Study

Background Present study total participants were 700 males and females included with different age group and different education level. Topics of discussion included typical drinking reasons- Daily Habitual, stress, emotions type/mood (happy/Sad), burden, and party and the drink type like only beer, only whisky/vodka/wine and both Methods The legal age of wine purchase in South Africa is 18 years and on. We have analysed the age groups 18-25, 26-45, and 45-65, with the interviews having the general questions regarding the reason of drinking. Preliminary bar visits were carried out in ten bars and restaurants to develop and identify any potential problems with the planned data collection protocols and to determine which specific reason were common in bar customers will emphasized during the main study. Bar and restaurant visits in the main study began in June 2021 and were completed in March 2022, bar visits were made from 3 p.m. to 10 p.m. on nights randomly. Results The customers we studies having majority of males than female observed. In daily habitual is high in age of 26-45 41.57%, in stress high rate is in unemployed of 57.71%, in workload burden alcohol consumption is age group 26-45 of 51.71%, in Party criteria age group 57.85%, In Emotions type/mood (happy/Sad) alcohol consumption is in category unemployed of 83%. Conclusion Support the need for additional research to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to reduce high-risk alcoho

Epidemiological, Demographic Evaluation and Clinical Features of Scorpion Sting in Morocco

Scorpions play an important role in severe cases of human envenomation in Morocco. Scorpion sting is one of the most important clinical and medical issues in tropical developing countries in the world. There are 2723 species of venomous arthropods known as scorpions in the world, and the majority of the dangerous species are members of the Buthidae family. In spite of ratherly high prevalence of scorpion sting, there has not conducted any complete and comprehensive study in this province yet. So it is suggested to study of this topic in this province. This study is kind of descriptive and retrospective which uses all inclusive sampling method and investigates about epidemiologic, clinical characteristics of patients from Jan, 2020 till Dec, 2021. All the information after extracting from the patient cases was coded and then analyzed by using Epi data software. Total 65cases in which 40 cases (61.53%) occurred in males and 25 cases (38.46%) were related to females. The highest number of patients with 46.15% frequency was in the age group of 20-29 and the lowest was 1.5% in the age group above 70 years. Among all the subjects, 44 (68%) were less than 30 years old and only 16.92% of scorpion bites (11 cases) were in the age group of more than 40 years. The youngest was the 4-year-old child, and the oldest was a 70-year-old man. The highest number of patients with 46.15% frequency was in the age group of 20-29 years and the lowest number was 1.5% in the age group above 70 years. Among all the subjects, 43 (60%) were under 30 years of age, and only 18% of the scorpion bites (13 cases) were in the age group above 40 years.  bite pain, which was mentioned in 60 patients (92.30%) as one of the reasons for hospitalization, followed by topical edema at the site of the wound and Redness of the wound site, with involvement of 59 patients (90.76%) as the second most common causes of hospitalization. All the people in this study were cured and there have not seen any death. So it is suggested to teach required educations to the families and also related centers

Use of Omega3 (PUFA) as a major Complementary and alternative Medicine (CAM) and Mind-body therapies to fight against the Breast Cancer in Ethiopian Women. A Case study

In our study the participants mean age was 44.5 ± 6.4, the breast cancer history of the participants are 21 (14%), the breast cancer in married women is high total 125(83.33), Ethiopian breast cancer patients most education is STD 12th is 75 (50%), most of the patients having the occupation is housework 70(46.66, smoker was 10(6.66), alcoholic were 7(4.66) the most interesting observation is the total 133(88.66) were having no addiction. Complementary medicines PUFA had been taken by the participants were total 110 (73.33), antioxidants taken by patients were 100(66.66), Vitamin Supplement taken by patients was total 109(72.66), DHA taken by patients were total 118 (78.66). These complementary medicines and mind-body therapies can be coupled with therapeutic strategies that collectively enhance breast cancer treatment efficacy and improve the prognosis for long term survival

Association of CTLA-4 gene 49 G/A polymorphism in breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma

Background: Weak immunity surveillance has been the main reason for progression and rapid development of various cancers reported. Though the association between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene 49 G/A polymorphism and breast cancer has been widely assessed, a definitive conclusion remains elusive and still focused by scientific community. The present study aims to evaluate the potential influences of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk in invasive ductal carcinoma of tumor tissue and healthy tissues.Results: Tumor tissue of forty confirmed breast cancer patients were included as cases. The same forty patients’ adjacent non-tumor tissue samples were considered as controls. The prevalence of AA, GG and AG genotypes was 42.1. %, 15.8.2% and 42.8% in the tumor tissue and non-tumor tissues respectively. Individuals containing tumor and non-tumor tissue samples showed significance in breast cancer, in which homozygous A/A and heterozygote G/A found to be more significant than G/G genotype.Conclusion: The study confirmed that the presence of at least one ‘A’ allele may increase the risk of breast cancer when compared to the presence of ‘G’ allele in same patient

Need of Progressive Movement against Tobacco in India

As per my 35 years work experience in the communities and the rural areas of my job locations in Maharashtra state India, the consumption of tobacco is drastically increased in young generation and somewhere it’s to be stopped. These types of activities should be supporting by the govt. of India but the main goal to eradicate the tobacco from our community will be achieved by the involvement of the people from our society or directly saying that it starts from us

Influence of Sexual Relationships using Drugs Consumption among Young Citizen in Melitopol, Ukraine

Purpose. The research work is aimed at studying and analyzing the onset of sexual activity and injecting drug use among young people of Melitopol (Zaporizhzhya region), which will make it possible to plan a number of preventive measures in order to prevent deviant behavior. Theoretical basis. The authors focus on the social problems associated with the late informing young people about the possible risks of early sexual relations and the use of drugs. Namely: students, young people, who move to another city or country, thus remaining without parental control. Scientific originality. This study allowed us to see the dynamics of attitudes (2010–2021) to injection drugs of boys and adolescent girls in cities with a population of up to 200 thousand (on the example of Melitopol, Zaporizhia region); track the tendency to awareness and care about your health during early sexual intercourse; plan a number of preventive measures to prevent the above phenomena. Conclusion. Young people between the ages of 13 and 15 put themselves at risk of becoming injecting drug users, getting infected with AIDS virus, Hepatitis B/C: 3,5% of those registered were infected with AIDS virus between the ages of 13 and 18; 28,5% were infected at the age of 18 – 24 years. The consumption of psychoactive substances (surfactants) from the injection form of consumption turned into a form of smoking and taking pills. Priority areas for further research have been identified: to conduct research with an interval of three years; to reach students of higher educational institutions, pupils of city colleges, with the aim of further cooperation with deans of educational institutions for holding lectures, talks, and thematic evenings for students on healthy lifestyles, AIDS virus and the dangers of psychoactive substances consumption

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption among construction workers in Latur city of Maharashtra

Background- To date, studies on tobacco product use among construction workers have been limited to overall estimates of use and to address this point we have analyzed this study from 2021-2022. The present study was carried out to assess the use of tobacco in various groups of people of different age, sex, and education in construction workers in Latur city of Maharashtra state in India and to elicit awareness regarding ill effects of tobacco use. Methods and Findings. We did a cross-sectional survey among the construction workers were analyzed period of 2021–2022 in Latur city of Maharashtra. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1500 construction workers. Pre-tested interview schedules were used by trained field investigators to collect information on tobacco use. Results. Tobacco use was significantly associated with age, gender and educational status of the respondents. The study population comprised of 1500 people between the age group 15 and 75 years, out of which 1400 (93%) were males and 100 (7%) were females. Conclusions. The study concludes a need for awarenes, education and communication, health camps focusing on the adverse effects of tobacco use

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Hypertension among adult Population of Letang Municipality, Morang District, Eastern Nepal

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7835009 Introduction: Hypertension has been identified as one of the major public health and medical challenges with 1/4 adults worldwide estimated to have high blood pressure (BP). Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding hypertension and to measure the association between socio-demographic characteristics with knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hypertension among adult population. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among the 335 adult populations in Letang Municipality of Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi-square test was applied to measure the association between socio-demographic characteristics with knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hypertension. Results: Majority of the respondents (67.2) have knowledge about the meaning of hypertension and symptoms of hypertension (52.2%). Most of the respondents think that regular physical activity (83.9%) and reduce salt intake (84.2%) can be prevent hypertension. Almost 73.4% of respondents didn’t know their blood pressure and never checked their BP regularly (66.6%). Almost 12.8% of the study population suffering from hypertension. The adult Population with age group of 41-60 years (62.6%) was seen significantly good knowledge in comparison to other age groups. The study population having educational level SLC and above was seen significantly good knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of hypertension in comparison to below SLC and illiterate. The study population belong to above poverty line had significantly good knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of hypertension in comparison to below poverty line. Conclusions: We conclude that majority of the study population of Letang Municipality had higher knowledge and positive attitude toward prevention of hypertension but the level of practices was poor