Response of African eggplants to Fusarium spp. and identification of sources of resistance

Eggplant (Solanum spp.) production in Arumeru district and other parts of Africa is severely affected by wilting diseases of unknown etiology. Fusarium spp. characterized through morphological and sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor associated with Fusarium wilt of eggplants was used to test the response of three different eggplant species. Three Solanum spp. accessions were tested in a screen house at the seedling stage for resistance to two isolates each of Fusarium equiseti (corda) Sacc, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc and Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht). The study indicated that accessions MM 1131 (Solanum macrocapon) and N 19 (Solanum anguivi) accessions are susceptible to F. equiseti. Accession N 19 (S. anguivi) was susceptible to F. solani while both N 19 (S. anguivi) and MM 1131 (S. macrocarpon) was also susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Ninety-three accessions of cultivated and wild eggplants were subsequently evaluated in two screen house trials for resistance to Fusarium wilt. A root dip technique was used to inoculate the accessions with isolate Fs 40 (F. oxysporum f.sp. melongenae). Seventeen of the 93 accessions were found to be resistant and they belonged to Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum aethiopicum species. Accessions in S melongena were found to be the most susceptible. Eggplant accessions that showed high levels of resistance could potentially serve as valuable sources of Fusarium wilt resistance in eggplant breeding programs in Tanzania and beyond.Keywords: African eggplants, Fusarium spp. susceptibility, resistanc

Insidensi dan Identifikasi Penyakit Layu pada Terong (Solanum melongena L.) di Desa Tanjung Pering, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Hamidson H, Adrian R, Umayah A, Gunawan B. 2022. Insidence and identification of wilt disease in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Tanjung Pering Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatera. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-10 Tahun 2022, Palembang 27 Oktober 2022. pp. 963-973. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Wilt disease of the Fusarium group is a necrotrophic plant disease that has a wide host range and distribution throughout the world. This pathogen can infect at least 408 plant species worldwide. This field practice aims to determine the percentage level and intensity of attack and identify the cause of wilt disease in eggplant in Tanjung Pering Village, North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The method used in this field practice is carried out by conducting a survey or direct observation in the field to calculate the percentage level and intensity of wilt disease attack on eggplant, then identification is carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, and infectious tests are carried out in experimental land to prove pathogens. cause of wilt disease in eggplant. The results of this field, the cause of wilt disease in eggplant in Tanjung Pering Village, North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency is caused by the fungus Fusarium sp with an average percentage of wilt disease of 42.54% and an average intensity of wilt disease of 40.90% in the field

Portainjerto silvestre y nutrientes minerales para el control de Fusarium spp. en berenjena (Solanum melongena L.)

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium spp. It is a limiting disease of eggplant production in the Colombian Caribbean. The wild rootstock Solanum mammosum L., grafted by the terminal splicing method, with the commercial eggplant cultivar Solanum melongena L. Corpoica CO15, was evaluated with nine repetitions, comparing it with the development of the controls S. melongena Corpoica CO15 and S. mamosum without grafting, under a completely randomized design, determining the resistance of these treatments to wilting. In a second experiment, three foliar nutrition alternatives were evaluated: T1 = control (water spray), T2 = source rich in potassium (K: 344 g L-1); T3 = rich source of calcium (Ca: 96 g L-1 of CaO); T4 = source rich in phosphorus (P: 300 g L-1 of P2O5), under a completely randomized design with four repetitions. In both experiments, nine seedlings were used per treatment, planted in pots with 3.5kg of silt loam soil and inoculated with Fusarium spp. FS02 strain, in a mesh house. Inoculation was carried out on seedlings of 30 days of development (3-4 true leaves), through wounds at the base of the stem and in the roots of each plant, with 20mL of suspension (5000 conidia mL-1). The use of wild S. mammosum rootstock and mineral nutrients through foliar application significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the diseaseLa marchitez vascular causada por Fusarium spp. es una enfermedad limitante de la producción de berenjena en el Caribe colombiano. Se evaluó el portainjerto silvestre Solanum mammosum L., injertado por el método de empalme terminal, con el cultivar comercial de berenjena Solanum melongena L. Corpoica CO15, con nueve repeticiones, comparándolo con el desarrollo de los testigos S. melongena Corpoica CO15 y S. mammosum sin injertar, bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado, determinándose la resistencia de estos tratamientos a la marchitez. En un segundo experimento se evaluaron tres alternativas de nutrición foliar T1 = testigo (aspersión de agua), T2 = fuente rica en potasio (K: 344 g L-1); T3 = fuente rica en calcio (Ca: 96 g L-1 de CaO); T4 = fuente rica en fósforo (P: 300 g L-1 de P2O5), bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro repeticiones. En ambos experimentos se utilizaron nueve plántulas por unidad por tratamiento, sembradas en macetas con 3,5kg de suelo franco limoso e inoculadas con Fusarium spp. cepa FS02, en casa de malla. La inoculación se realizó en plántulas de 30 días de desarrollo (de 3-4 hojas verdaderas), mediante heridas en la base del tallo y en las raíces de cada planta, con 20mL de suspensión (5.000 conidias mL-1). El uso del portainjerto silvestre S. mammosum y los nutrientes minerales mediante aplicación foliar, redujeron significativamente la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad

Reação de acessos de jurubeba juna (Solanum stramonifolium) a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 3.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de 25 acessos de Solanum stramonifolium (jurubeba Juna) de diferentes regiões do país, três de Solanum melongena (berinjela) e híbridos interespecíficos de Solanum aethiopicum × S. melongena, S. aethiopicum × S. licocarpum e S. scuticum × S. torvum para resistência a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 3.bitstream/item/118235/1/BPD-113.pd

Amplicon sequencing identified a putative pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina, causing wilt in African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) grown in Tanzania and Uganda

African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is one of the most common traditional vegetables in Tanzania and Uganda, but its productivity is severely affected by wilt diseases caused by a number of pathogens. Plant stem and root samples were collected in several fields from many neighboring diseased and healthy plants of the Gilo group in Tanzania and from the Shum group in Uganda to identify putative pathogens causing wilt on African eggplants. Through amplicon sequencing of sampled diseased and healthy tissues, we identified putative causal pathogens for the wilt symptoms. Wilting of S. aethiopicum in Uganda is most likely caused by the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum whereas, in Tanzania, wilt is most likely caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, infecting roots. Infection of stems by Fusarium solani may also contribute to the wilt symptoms in Tanzania. Further artificial inoculation under controlled conditions confirmed that M. phaseolina can cause typical wilting symptoms on S. aethiopcium genotypes. The discovery of different putative causal agents of wilt in the crop demonstrates the need for site specific etiological analysis of wilt before developing and implementing effective control methods. Further research is needed to confirm the results and develop appropriate management measures against specific wilt pathogens

Identifikasi Penyakit Pada Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L.) di Desa Gunung Kleng Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Terung (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan salah satu produk hortikultura yang menjadi sumber gizi dan serat, serta menjadi sumber pendapatan petani, dalam memenuhi permintaan masyarakat, dibutuhkan hasil produksi yang optimal, namun terdapat berbagai faktor pembatas diantaranya adanya serangan penyakit pada tanaman terung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk penyakit yang menyerang tanaman terung di lahan petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan terung milik petani di Desa Gunung Kleng Kecamatan Muerebo Kabupaten Aceh Barat Provinsi Aceh. Metode penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, identifikasi gejala penyakit tanaman, dan analisis persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gejala penyakit yang menyerang tanaman terong pada lahan petani begejala bercak daun yang diindikasikan dari patogen golongan fungi Cercospora, sp., Hasil analisis persentase serangan penyakit tngkat serangan rendah sebesar 38,72%, sedangkan intensitas serangan penyakit (49,00%) yang berkriteria sedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dibutuhkan pengendalian penyakit secara terpadu seperti sanitasi lahan, pengendalian secara mekanis, dan pengendalian secara hayati. Kata kunci : tanaman terung, wawancara, bercak daun, persentase serangan penyakit, pengendalian penyaki

Screening of Different Eggplant Cultivars against Wilt Disease Caused by Fungi, Bacteria and Nematodes

An experiment was conducted in the Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to screen out the resistant cultivars of eggplant against wilt disease. Eight cultivars viz. Nayantara, Singhnath, Dhundul, Kazla, Marich Begun Luffa, Kata Begun and Uttara were used as treatments. At 55 days after transplanting (DAT) the cultivar Luffa exhibit the highest bacterial wilt incidence (80%) and the lowest wilt incidence was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun (30%). At 90 DAT the highest Fusarium and Nemic wilt incidence was recorded in the cultivar Luffa and the lowest wilt incidences were recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun. The highest shoot height was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun and the lowest shoot height was recorded in the cultivar Singhnath. The highest gall number was recorded in the cultivar Luffa and the lowest gall number was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun. The highest yield per hectare (29.84 t/ha) was recorded in the cultivar Nayantara and the lowest yield (10.50 t/ha) was recorded in the cultivar Dhundhul. Among the cultivars Kata Begun graded as resistant for both Bacterial, Fungal and Nemic wilt.ÂÂ