Pengujian Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) dengan Sumber Kalor Electric Heater 60 Volt Menggunakan Air Pendingin pada Temperatur Lingkungan

Thermoelecric is a phenomena to convert from temperature difference into electrical energy that can be called Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) or from electrical energy into temperature difference that is called Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC). The Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) principle is known as the seebeck effect, while the Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) principle is known as peltier effect. The purpose of this research to determine the effect of thermoelectric module number on maximum power, maximum voltage and maximum efficiency. This research uses thermoelectric module, type TEG SP 1848. The cold side of thermoelectric module uses water at ambient temperature with flow rate 1.7 liter / minute. With a input voltage regulator of 60 V to heat the electric heater. From the test using 1 module, 2 module, 3 module, and 4 module thermoelectric type TEG SP 1848, the maximum voltage of 0.39 V, 0.47 V, 0.54 V, and 0.62 V, the maximum power generated of 0.032 W, 0.082 W, 0.164 W, and 0.272 W and the maximum efficiency of 0.36%, 0 .42%, 0.92%, and 1.30%. The more number of thermoelectric modules used during the test, the resulting voltage, power and efficiency will increase

Perancangan Pembangkit Hybrid (Solar Cell-Thermoelectric Generator(TEG)) Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

Solar Cell sebagai pembangkit Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) diharapkan mampu mengatasi kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat. Namun, kemampuan Solar Cell dalam menyerap energi dari radiasi cahaya Matahari terbatas hanya sebagian saja, sisanya berubah menjadi panas. Panas ini membuat efisiensi Solar Cell lama-kelamaan menjadi berkurang. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pengembangan monitoring berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Tujuan penelitian untuk merancang sebuah pembangkit hybrid antara Solar Cell dan Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) yang dimana memanfaatkan menyerapan panas sisa yang tidak dapat diserap Solar Cell guna meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penyerapan energi. Didapatkan hasil bahwa pembangkit hybrid ini dapat bekerja dengan baik karena pada pengujian data antara multimeter dan sensor saat Solar Cell sebelum di hybrid tanpa beban mendapatkan nilai tegangan sebesar 13,37 V serta Arus 0,8 A dengan tingkat error pengujian sebesar 1,65 % serta pengujian data setelah di hybrid dengan Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) tanpa beban mendapatkan tegangan sebesar 14,67 V dan arus sebesar 1,4 A dan nilai error sebesar 2,04 %. Pembangkit hybrid ini juga efisien karena pada pengujian efisiensi Solar Cell saat sebelum dan sesudah di hybrid dengan Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) terdapat perbedaan sebesar 1,7 % lebih tinggi saat di hybrid. Pembangkit hybrid ini dapat diaplikasikan pada pemasangan Solar Cell berdaya rendah di perumahan maupun pemasangan Solar Cell berdaya tinggi di lingkungan yang panas guna memanfaatkan kinerja alat yang mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan energi. Kata Kunci : Energi Hybrid, IoT, Solar Cell, Thermoelectric Generator (TEG

The performance of a combined solar photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) system

The performance of a combined solar photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) system is examined using an analytical model for four different types of commercial PVs and a commercial bismuth telluride TEG. The TEG is applied directly on the back of the PV, so that the two devices have the same temperature. The PVs considered are crystalline Si (c-Si), amorphous Si (a-Si), copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) cells. The degradation of PV performance with temperature is shown to dominate the increase in power produced by the TEG, due to the low efficiency of the TEG. For c-Si, CIGS and CdTe PV cells the combined system produces a lower power and has a lower efficiency than the PV alone, whereas for an a-Si cell the total system performance may be slightly increased by the TEG.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Alternatif Pembangkit Energi Listrik Menggunakan Prinsip Termoelektrik Generator

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been used to produce electrical energy, the working principle of TEG, the temperature difference between two materials, will flow current, and produce a potential difference. This principle is known as the "Seebeck effect" which is a reverse phenomenon of the Peltier (Thermoelectric Cooling, TEC) effect. This research was conducted to determine the electrical nergy capacity produced for 10 TEG modules in series. Testing is done by utilizing heat energy from asphalt, water flow and connected to 10 TEG modules. The test results show that the maximum voltage is 18Voltdc 0.49 AmperePembangkit listrik termoelektrik (Thermoelectric Generator, TEG) telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik, prinsip kerja TEG, perbedaan temperatur antar dua material, akan mengalirkan arus, dan menghasilkan beda potensial. Prinsip ini dikenal dengan “efek Seebeck” yang merupakan fenomena kebalikan dari efek Peltier (Thermoelectric Cooling, TEC). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kapasitas energi listrik yang dihasilkanuntuk 10 modul TEG secara seri. Pengujian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan energi panas dari aspal, aliran air dan terhubung pada 10 modul TEG. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan maksimal 18Voltdc 0,49Ampere

High-Performance, Wearable Thermoelectric Generator Based on a Highly Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheet

A high-performance, wearable thermoelectric generator (TEG) was fabricated with a highly aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet. The aligned CNT sheet exhibits extraordinary electrical conductivity compared to disordered CNT sheets and also can be directly fabricated as a continuous TEG without metal electrode interconnects. This provides a significant reduction in contact resistance between TE legs and electrodes compared to traditional TEGs, resulting in higher power output. In addition, the continuity of the module without any disconnected parts provides high degrees of mechanical stability and durability. This robust and scalable approach to flexible TEG fabrication paves the way for CNT applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable electronics

MONITORING ARUS, TEGANGAN, DAN SUHU PADA PROTOTYPE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR BERBASIS IoT

Abstrak Monitoring salah satu teknologi maju yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keandalan, kualitas, efisiensi operasi, efisiensi pengiriman tenaga dan mengurangi biaya operasi secara signifikan. Tujuan penelitian pada alat monitoring ini untuk membaca data dari nilai arus, tegangan, dan suhu pada thermoelectric generator sebagai pembangkit energi listrik.. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitaif dengan observasi serta membuat dan malaksanakan percobaan alat secara langsung untuk memperoleh data yang dihasilkan alat yang dibuat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 11 buah thermoelectric generator tipe TEG1-199-1-4-0,5. Sistem kerja monitoring ini dengan sensor arus, tegangan, dan suhu memberi masukan ke arduino untuk mengolah data. Data dari sensor diolah arduino, hasil data yang diperoleh sensor akan ditampilkan di LCD 20x4 dan mengirimkannya data dengan modul GSM SIM800L ke telepon seluler dengan SMS sehingga pengguna dapat mengontrol pemakaian energi listrik secara tepat dan cepat. Hasil dari output rata-rata arus dan tegangan sensor 56.21 A dan 3.3 V, nilai rata-rata perbedaan suhu 50.65oC yang terjadi pada pukul 12.00-13.00 WIB. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa thermoelectric generator bisa digunakan sebegai pembangkit energi listrik alternatif dengan memanfaatkan panas matahari. Kata kunci : TEG, Sensor Arus ACS710, Sensor Tegangan DC, Sensor Suhu DS18B20, Modul SIM800L Abstract Monitoring is one of the advanced technologies that aim to improve reliability, quality, operating efficiency, energy delivery efficiency and significantly reduce operating costs. The purpose of research on this monitoring tool is to read data from the value of current, voltage, and temperature in a thermoelectric generator as an electrical energy generator. The method used is a quantitative method by observing and making and conducting direct tool experiments to obtain the data produced by the tools made. . This study used 11 thermoelectric generators of type TEG1-199-1-4-0,5. This monitoring work system with current, voltage and temperature sensors provides input to Arduino to process data. The data from the sensor is processed by Arduino, the results of the data obtained by the sensor will be displayed on the 20x4 LCD and send data with the GSM SIM800L module to the cell phone by SMS so that users can control the use of electrical energy precisely and quickly. The results of the average output current and sensor voltage are 56.21 A and 3.3 V, the average temperature difference is 50.65oC that occurs at 12.00-13.00 WIB. It can be concluded that the thermoelectric generator can be used as an alternative electric energy generator by utilizing solar heat. Keywords: TEG, ACS710 Current Sensor, DC Voltage Sensor, DS18B20 Temperature Sensor, SIM800L Modul

Studi Sistem Konversi Panas Buang Konduksi Berbasis Termoelektrik Generator

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is an electrical generator device that converts temperature differences into electrical energy directly. Based on the Seebeck effect, if two different metals are connected at one end, then a temperature difference is given at the joint, there will be a difference in voltage between one end and the other. The purpose of this research is to create a conversion system based on thermoelectric generator (TEG) that utilizes the conduction heat of the biomass furnace when used for cooking, so that it can also be used as a power plant. This study used two TEG SP1846 peltiers with test variation used one TEG, two TEGs in series connection and twoTEGs in parallel connection. The results showed that the conduction heat conversion system of biomass furnace using 300 gr of sengon wood and two TEGs connected in series could produce a temperature on the hot side of the TEG maximum of 153.1oC and the temperature on the cold side of the maximum TEG of 106.4 oC. So that, the maximum voltage value of 7.19 volts and a maximum current of 0.023A and a power of 0.16537 watts

The maximum theoretical performance of unconcentrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator systems

The maximum efficiency for photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) systems without concentration is investigated. Both a combined system where the TEG is mounted directly on the back of the PV and a tandem system where the incoming sunlight is split, and the short wavelength radiation is sent to the PV and the long wavelength to the TEG, are considered. An analytical model based on the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit for PVs and the TEG figure of merit parameter $zT$ is presented. It is shown that for non-concentrated sunlight, even if the TEG operates at the Carnot efficiency and the PV performance is assumed independent of temperature, the maximum increase in efficiency is 4.5 percentage points (pp.) for the combined case and 1.8 pp. for the tandem case compared to a stand alone PV. For a more realistic case with a temperature dependent PV and a realistic TEG, the gain in performance is much lower. For the combined PV and TEG system it is shown that a minimum $zT$ value is needed in order for the system to be more efficient than a stand alone PV system.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) technologies and applications

2021 The Author(s). Nowadays humans are facing difficult issues, such as increasing power costs, environmental pollution and global warming. In order to reduce their consequences, scientists are concentrating on improving power generators focused on energy harvesting. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have demonstrated their capacity to transform thermal energy directly into electric power through the Seebeck effect. Due to the unique advantages they present, thermoelectric systems have emerged during the last decade as a promising alternative among other technologies for green power production. In this regard, thermoelectric device output prediction is important both for determining the future use of this new technology and for specifying the key design parameters of thermoelectric generators and systems. Moreover, TEGs are environmentally safe, work quietly as they do not include mechanical mechanisms or rotating elements and can be manufactured on a broad variety of substrates such as silicon, polymers and ceramics. In addition, TEGs are position-independent, have a long working life and are ideal for bulk and compact applications. Furthermore, Thermoelectric generators have been found as a viable solution for direct generation of electricity from waste heat in industrial processes. This paper presents in-depth analysis of TEGs, beginning with a comprehensive overview of their working principles such as the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect, the Thomson effect and Joule heating with their applications, materials used, Figure of Merit, improvement techniques including different thermoelectric material arrangements and technologies used and substrate types. Moreover, performance simulation examples such as COMSOL Multiphysics and ANSYS-Computational Fluid Dynamics are investigated

Thermoelectric generator performance enhancement by the application of pulsed heat power

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is usually studied under steady state heating conditions however, the use of pulsed heat power could significantly enhance its performance. Therefore, this paper presents a numerical investigation of the thermal and electrical performance of a typical thermoelectric generator (TEG) under both steady state and transient pulsed heating conditions. A threedimensional finite element model is used to study the temperature, voltage, current distribution and power output of the TEG. A comparison is made between the performance of the TEG under steady state and transient pulsed heating conditions. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of thermoelectric leg length and cross-sectional area on the performance of the TEG under both heating conditions. Rectangular and triangular pulsed heat functions are used for the transient study. Results show that rectangular pulsed heating provides the best performance compared to the triangular pulsed heating and steady state heating. In addition, the power output of the TEG decreased as the leg height increased however, it increased as the leg area increased. Therefore, shorter thermoelectric legs with wider cross-sectional area are suggested to enhance the performance of the TEG. This study will provide a valuable reference for future design of thermoelectric generators to obtain optimum performance