Effect of Varying Training Programing on the Maintenance and Development of Different Levels of Strength and Endurance

The purpose of this study was to determine whether different levels of muscular strength, muscular endurance, and girth are maintained by employing a selected weight training program once a week. 1. There is a significant improvement in muscular strength, muscular endurance, and girth as a result of a five week, three-days per-week weight training program. 2. There is a significant improvement in muscular strength, muscular endurance, and girth as a result of a nine week, three-days per week weight training program. 3. A nine week, three-days-per-week weight training program results in a significantly greater gain in muscular strength, muscular endurance, and girth, than a five week, three-days-per-week weight training program. 4. There is no significant difference among groups which terminated conditioning, worked out once per week, and subjects which continued to work out three times per week on the retention or further development of muscular strength, muscular endurance, and girth following a five week weight training program. 5. There is no significant difference among groups which terminated conditioning, worked out once per week, and subjects which continued to work out three times per week on the retention or further development of muscular strength, muscular endurance, and girth following a nine week weight training program

Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Cardiorespiratory Endurance Changes in College Males and Females as a Function of Training

The strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory trainability of men and women were investigated. The subjects, twelve male and ten females, engaged in a six week training program in which they were required to perform progressive resistance exercises using DeLorme\u27s technique in order to increase their strength and muscular endurance. In addition, the subjects took part in a six week interval running program for the purpose of developing cardiorespiratory endurance. Prior to training each subject was tested for elbow flexion strength with Clarke\u27s cable tensiometer. Muscular endurance was measured using Shaver\u27s arm-lever ergometer method, and cardiorespiratory endurance according to the Astrand-Rhyming bicycle ergometer technique. Following the training program the subjects were re-tested in a manner patterned after the initial test. While both men and women increased significantly in strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance following the six weeks of training there were no significant differences between the sexes in terms of their strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory trainability. However, absolute strength gains were found to be significantly greater in men than women. This difference was attributed to the predominantly male hormone testosterone which enables men to develop greater amounts of muscle mass and achieve greater strength levels than women

Muscular Strength Predicts Phase Angle in Breast Cancer Survivors

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 4, 2023. Phase angle (PhA) has emerged as a prognostic indicator of survival and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Identifying measures of physical fitness that correlate with PhA can provide guidance toward optimizing cancer rehabilitation programs and future research. The purpose was to examine the relationship between PhA and physical fitness in breast cancer survivors. Sixty-three breast cancer survivors (60 ± 9 years, PhA 4.59±0.52, mean±SD) completed assessments for muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition. PhA and body composition were measured using bioimpedance analysis (Inbody 770) at 50 KHz. The correlations between phase angle and measures of fitness were evaluated using Pearson coefficients. Simple and multiple linear regression was used to test if measures of muscular strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance predict PhA. Linear regression analysis showed that incline bench press 1-RM alone explains 28% (r2 = 0.28; P2peak explain 32% (r2 =0.32; PThe prioritization of muscular strength for improving PhA in exercise-based cancer rehabilitation programs may be of importance

EFFECT OF AN 8 WEEKS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH IN GIRLS ADOLESCENTS

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of physical fitness program to improve the level of some health-related fitness elements in girls adolescents. Methods: Twenty adolescent girls volunteers (16.42 ± 0.28 years) participated in the study and were divided into two equal groups, 10 were assigned to the intervention group (IG) and 10 in a control group (CG). The participants in (IG) completed a 30-60 minute training session 3 times per week for 8 weeks at moderate intensity for the first 4 weeks and high intensity for the last 4 weeks. Performance on the 20-meter shuttle run test, Push-up, Curl-Up, Sit and Reach flexibility, were assessed at baseline and post- intervention. Results: At post measurement, Health-related fitness was higher (p < 0.05) in (IG) than in (CG) for cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Over 8 weeks, the between-group analysis revealed that training program had a large beneficial effect. Conclusion: The results indicate that an eight-week physical fitness program was effective in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility among Algerian secondary school girls.  Article visualizations

Vertical jump performance: testing leg muscle strength, muscular performance and body balance

The constructed 3D model of the lower part of human body for the simulation of high jump enables to investigate not only parameters of the jump but to analyses the forces acting in muscles and joints as well. The model enables determining the most important muscles for the jump performance and sequentially to make recommendations for the sportsmen seeking the jump height. The developed methodology can be applied for the analysis of other type movements in sports

The Effects of Resistance Deception on Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Perceived Exertion

Resistance deception during training is a lightly researched topic and is seen as a modification that can potentially act on central control during exercise. Studies that have observed effects of deception while training have yielded mixed results. The effects of deception on strength, muscular endurance, and perceived exertion and the mechanisms of action that may elicit changes are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of resistance deception on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and perceived exertion in a trained population. Eight participants finished the study and underwent four trials, one of which was a baseline trial, that consisted of one-rep max and repetitions to failure testing, with 60% of one-rep max, on bench press. Ensuing three experimental trials consisted of the bench press tests but in deceived/masked conditions. One trial was a 5% increase in weight, one trial was a 5% decrease in weight, and the third trial consisted of a weight that was equivalent to that of baseline. Repetitions, bar speed, and perceived exertion were monitored during each trial. During the deceived equivalent weight trial, participants significantly increased the number of repetitions and mean bar speed during the repetitions to failure test and experienced significantly decreased perceived exertion during the one-rep max lift. These findings indicate deception during training can acutely enhance performance outcomes. Key words: Resistance deception, muscular strength, perceived exertion, muscular enduranc

The Health Related Components of Physical Fitness in People with Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review

Visual impairment is becoming progressively more common in America’s aging society. Physical inactivity contributes to the development of chronic health conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between visual impairment and its impact on health related physical activity and fitness. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the prevalence of physical activity and the five components of physical fitness in the visually impaired population. This review was limited to articles addressing individuals with “visual impairment,” as defined by the National Eye Institute. The data abstracted included documentation of visual impairment, physical activity rates, physical fitness measures, gender, age, number of participants, and sample size. Results confirm that persons with visual impairment tend to participate in physical activity significantly less than their sighted counterparts and are often less physically fit, especially in regards to body composition, cardiovascular endurance, and muscular strength. Consensus within the research attributes this decreased physical fitness to the lack of sufficient physical activity within the population. The observed lack of physical activity warrants intentionally improving upon the many physiopsychological and social factors which prevent visually impaired children and adults from having equal access to opportunities to engage regularly in physical fitness activities

Bilateral Improvements Following Unilateral Home-Based Training in Plantar Flexors: A Potential for Cross-Education in Rehabilitation

CONTEXT: Cross-education (CE) refers to neuromuscular gains in the untrained limb upon contralateral limb training. To date, only laboratory-based exercise programs have demonstrated CE. Home-based exercise prescription eliciting CE could have greater clinical applicability. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of an 8-week, home-based unilateral strength training intervention on isokinetic muscle strength, muscular excitation, and power in trained and untrained plantar flexors. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy participants were randomized to intervention (n = 20) or control (n = 14). The intervention group completed 3 sets of 12 repetitions of progressively loaded unilateral calf raises 3 days per week. Concentric and eccentric peak torque were measured using isokinetic dynamometry at 30°/s and 120°/s. Maximal electromyogram amplitude was simultaneously measured. Power was measured using a jump mat. All variables were measured at preintervention, midintervention, and postintervention. RESULTS: Strength significantly increased bilaterally pre-post at both velocities concentrically and eccentrically in intervention group participants. Maximal electromyogram amplitude significantly increased pre-post bilaterally at both velocities in the medial gastrocnemii of the intervention group. Power significantly increased bilaterally pre-post in the intervention group, with a dose-response effect demonstrated in the untrained plantar flexors. The CE effects of strength, power, and electromyogram activation were 23.4%, 14.6%, and 25.3%, respectively. All control group values were unchanged pre-post. CONCLUSION: This study shows that a simple at-home unilateral plantar flexor exercise protocol induces significant increases in contralateral strength, muscular excitation, and power. These results suggest the applicability of CE in home rehabilitation programs aiming to restore or maintain neuromuscular function in inactive individuals or immobilized ankles