16,673 research outputs found
Scaffold searching: automated identification of similar ring systems for the design of combinatorial libraries
Rigid ring systems can be used to position receptor-binding functional groups in 3D space and they thus play an increasingly important role in the design of combinatorial libraries. This paper discusses the use of shape-similarity methods to identify ring systems that are structurally similar to, and aligned with, a user-defined target ring system. These systems can be used as alternative scaffolds for the construction of a combinatorial library
Tandem ring-closing metathesis reaction with a ruthenium catalyst containing a N-heterocyclic ligand
The highly active catalyst 2 was used in tandem RCM to make molecules with various ring systems containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Nonlinear hopping transport in ring systems and open channels
We study the nonlinear hopping transport in one-dimensional rings and open
channels. Analytical results are derived for the stationary current response to
a constant bias without assuming any specific coupling to the external fields.
It is shown that anomalous large effective jump lengths, as observed in recent
experiments by taking the ratio of the third order nonlinear and the linear
conductivity, can occur already in ordered systems. Rectification effects due
to site energy disorder in ring systems are expected to become irrelevant for
large system sizes. In open channels in contrast, rectification effects occur
already for disorder in the jump barriers and do not vanish in the
thermodynamic limit. Numerical solutions for a sinusoidal bias show that the
ring system provides a good description for the transport behavior in the open
channel for intermediate and high frequencies. For low frequencies temporal
variations in the mean particle number have to be taken into account in the
open channel, which cannot be captured in the more simple ring model.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure
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Bells that still can ring: systems thinking in practice
Complexity science has generated significant insight regarding the interrelatedness of factors and actors constituting our real world and emergent effects from such interrelationships. But the translation of such rich insight towards developing appropriate tools for improving real world situations of change and uncertainty provides a further significant challenge. Systems thinking in practice is a heuristic framework based upon ideas of boundary critique for guiding the use and development of tools from different traditions in managing complex realities. By reference to five systems approaches, each embodying more than 30 years of experiential use, three interrelated features of the framework are drawn out – contexts of systemic change, practitioners as change agents, and tools as systems constructs that can themselves change through adaptation. The ‘bells that still can ring’ refer to tools associated with the Systems tradition which have demonstrable capacity to change and adapt by continual iteration with changing context of use and different practitioners using them. It is in the practice of using such tools whilst being aware of significant ‘cracks’ associated with traps in managing complex realities that enables systems thinking in practice to evolve. Complexity tools as examples of systems thinking can inadvertently invite traps of reductionism within contexts, dogmatism amongst practitioners, and fetishism of our tools as conceptual constructs associated with ultimately undeliverable promises towards achieving holism and pluralism. The heuristic provides a guiding framework on monitoring the development of tools from different traditions for improving complex realities and avoiding such traps
Ordering effect of Coulomb interaction in ballistic double-ring systems
We study a model of two concentric onedimensional rings with incommensurate
areas and , in a constant magnetic field. The two rings are coupled
by a nonhomogeneous inter-ring tunneling amplitude, which makes the
one-particle spectrum chaotic. For noninteracting particles the energy of the
many-body ground state and the first excited state exhibit random fluctuations
characterized by the Wigner-Dyson statistics. In contrast, we show that the
electron-electron interaction orders the magnetic field dependence of these
quantities, forcing them to become periodic functions, with period . In such a strongly correlated system the only possible source
of disorder comes from charge fluctuations, which can be controlled by a
tunable inter-ring gate voltage.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figures, revised text and new figures (as published
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