Respect

Becker (1974) introduced to modern economics the idea that others care about what others think about them and derived many useful insights from this assumption. But he did not provide a very complete description of the general equilibrium of an economy in which people both demand respect from and supply respect to others. This paper analyzes the equilibrium price of respect, showing how it depends on the distribution of material endowments and discussing whether we would expect that, as society gets richer, the market for respect becomes more or less important. It explains why a demand for respect is a human universal in terms of Becker's observation that this helps to provide insurance where markets are absent. Although the demand for respect is universal, the activities that command respect have enormous cultural diversity - the paper explains how there can be many Nash equilibria if respect is withheld from those who violate prescribed behaviour. Finally the paper discusses where, in a modern economy, respect is demanded and supplied arguing it is primarily bundled up with other goods and services because of the nature of the costs of supplying it.Respect, Status, Pro-Social Preferences

RESPECT: A personal development programme for young people at risk of social exclusion - Option One impact report

A three year evaluation was built into the RESPECT bid in order that the individual, community and societal benefits of the programme could be quantified and evidenced. This report is part of the outcomes evaluation. Its focus is to explore and evidence the short and medium term impact of the Option One courses upon the young people who were allocated places during 2007

RESPECT, JING, AND PERSON

While respect for persons is fundamental to many moral and political theories, its nature and ground remain controversial. According to the standard model of respect, respect is primarily a response to certain inherent features of a person or an object. Importantly, it is in virtue of the value, status or authority of those features that respect is justified or owed. This model, however, faces many serious challenges. Drawing on the classical Confucian notion of jing (敬), I develop an alternative model of respect, which construes respect as an expression of agent’s sense of the self and its place in the world. The emphasis is thus on the agent’s own self-conception and the corresponding attitudes and dispositions, as opposed to on inherent features of the objects of respect. To further illustrate this distinction, I contrast the traditional Kantian conception of respect for persons with the Confucian, jing-based, conception along three dimensions: the normative ground, the content, and the distribution of respect. The Kantian respect certainly has its merits, and perhaps is indispensable in some contexts, but there is much more to respect than what Kantians can offer. The Confucian conception of respect, on the other hand, has important theoretical and practical values such that it is essential to an adequate understanding of the role of respect in our moral and political life

Respect for Just Revenge

The paper considers acts of private (in the sense of individually motivated and extra-legal) revenge, and draws attention to a special kind of judgement we may make of such acts. While endorsing the general view that an act of private revenge must be morally wrong, it maintains that under certain special conditions (which include its being just) it is susceptible of a rational respect from others which is based on its standing outside morality, as a choice by the revenger not to act morally but to obey other compelling motives. This thesis is tested against various objections, notably those which doubt the intelligibility or application of such non-moral ‘respect’, or would assimilate it to moral approval; and it is distinguished from various positions with which it might be confused, such as the 'admirable immorality' of Slote, or the Nietzschean critique of moralit

The Impact of Meaningful High School Computer Science Experiences in the Chicago Public Schools

We report on initial outcomes of the Taste of Computing project, under which a meaningful computer science course has been initiated in many high schools of the Chicago Public Schools system. Surveys of students have shown that they attribute high value to the course and have experienced increases in their understanding and interest regarding the computing field. Data was also collected from teachers participating in professional development regarding their preparation and confidence in teaching the new course. We report on the strengths of various survey responses and their relationships, and we compare student responses by race and gender. The data provide a good basis for exploring the impact of meaningful computer science instruction on students from groups underrepresented in computing; of several hundred students surveyed, nearly half were female, and over half were Hispanic or African-American

Relationships and Respect for Persons

Many theorists writing on the aftermath of wrongdoing have been influenced by Trudy Govier’s emphasis on interpersonal relationships. But George Sher has recently challenged this talk of relationships. Read descriptively, he argues, claims about the interpersonal effects of wrongdoing are either exaggerated or false. Read normatively, relationships add nothing to more traditional moral theory. In this essay, I argue that Govier’s relational framework both avoids Sher’s dilemma and enables her to develop the notion of respect for persons in ways that improve upon traditional Kantian discussions

Implementation of a first-trimester prognostic model to improve screening for gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Improvement in the accuracy of identifying women who are at risk to develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is warranted, since timely diagnosis and treatment improves the outcomes of this common pregnancy disorder. Although prognostic models for GDM are externally validated and outperform current risk factor based selective approaches, there is little known about the impact of such models in day-to-day obstetric care. METHODS: A prognostic model was implemented as a directive clinical prediction rule, classifying women as low- or high-risk for GDM, with subsequent distinctive care pathways including selective midpregnancy testing for GDM in high-risk women in a prospective multicenter birth cohort comprising 1073 pregnant women without pre-existing diabetes and 60 obstetric healthcare professionals included in nine independent midwifery practices and three hospitals in the Netherlands (effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 study). Model performance (c-statistic) and implementation outcomes (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, sustainability) were evaluated after 6 months by indicators and implementation instruments (NoMAD; MIDI). RESULTS: The adherence to the prognostic model (c-statistic 0.85 (95%CI 0.81-0.90)) was 95% (n = 1021). Healthcare professionals scored 3.7 (IQR 3.3-4.0) on implementation instruments on a 5-point Likert scale. Important facilitators were knowledge, willingness and confidence to use the model, client cooperation and opportunities for reconfiguration. Identified barriers mostly related to operational and organizational issues. Regardless of risk-status, pregnant women appreciated first-trimester information on GDM risk-status and lifestyle advice to achieve risk reduction, respectively 89% (n = 556) and 90% (n = 564)). CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic model was successfully implemented and well received by healthcare professionals and pregnant women. Prognostic models should be recommended for adoption in guidelines