Bovine colostral antibodies and selected lactobacilli as means to control gastrointestinal infections

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum and specific colostral antibodies, and some lactic acid bacteria on gastrointestinal infections, especially Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis and dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. The effect of colostrum on the activity of the complement system in neonatal calves was also studied. It was possible to increase substantially complement and opsonization activities of serum by feeding colostral whey concentrate to neonatal calves. A colostral immune preparation (IP) containing specific antibodies against Helicobacter felis prevented but did not eradicate an experimental Helicobacter felis infection in mice. However, the IP combined with amoxicillin lowered the level of inflammation and colonization more than amoxicillin alone. The specific anti-cariogenic antibodies of IP remained active and functional when added to UHT milk or fermented with LGG and stored for an extended time. Further, the combination of IP and LGG prevented the adherence of Streptococcus mutans effectively. Lactobacillus plantarum MLBPL1 isolated from sauerkraut showed anti-Helicobacter activity mainly associated with cell wall, from where it can be extracted into the culture supernatant. Colostral preparations, and acidifying microbes (L. plantarum MLBPL1 and LGG) reduced the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. They also reduced the IL-8 production of the infected cells. IL-8 secretion is a primary response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Supplementation of an antibiotic treatment with a food product containing probiotic lactobacilli and/or IP could offer a potential complementary means to suppress gastrointestinal infections

An averaged form of Chowla's conjecture

Let $\lambda$ denote the Liouville function. A well known conjecture of Chowla asserts that for any distinct natural numbers $h_1,\dots,h_k$, one has $\sum_{1 \leq n \leq X} \lambda(n+h_1) \dotsm \lambda(n+h_k) = o(X)$ as $X \to \infty$. This conjecture remains unproven for any $h_1,\dots,h_k$ with $k \geq 2$. In this paper, using the recent results of the first two authors on mean values of multiplicative functions in short intervals, combined with an argument of Katai and Bourgain-Sarnak-Ziegler, we establish an averaged version of this conjecture, namely $$\sum_{h_1,\dots,h_k \leq H} \left|\sum_{1 \leq n \leq X} \lambda(n+h_1) \dotsm \lambda(n+h_k)\right| = o(H^kX)$$ as $X \to \infty$ whenever $H = H(X) \leq X$ goes to infinity as $X \to \infty$, and $k$ is fixed. Related to this, we give the exponential sum estimate $$\int_0^X \left|\sum_{x \leq n \leq x+H} \lambda(n) e(\alpha n)\right| dx = o( HX )$$ as $X \to \infty$ uniformly for all $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$, with $H$ as before. Our arguments in fact give quantitative bounds on the decay rate (roughly on the order of $\frac{\log\log H}{\log H}$), and extend to more general bounded multiplicative functions than the Liouville function, yielding an averaged form of a (corrected) conjecture of Elliott.Comment: 26 pages; corrected a small mistake in Ramare's identity. See equation (3.2) and the footnote belo

Variación negativa de índice de masa corporal como factor asociado a multidrogoresistencia en tuberculosis pulmonar.

Objetivo: Demostrar si la variación negativa de índice de masa corporal es factor asociado a multidrogoresistencia en tuberculosis pulmonar en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Material y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo analítico, observacional, retrospectivo, de cohortes. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 176 pacientes adultos; la cual fué dividida en 2 grupos: con variación negativa o sin variación negativa del índice de masa corporal; se calculó el riesgo relativo y la prueba Chi cuadrado. Resultados: No se registraron diferencias significativas respecto a las variables edad, género y procedencia entre los grupos de estudio (p>0.05). La frecuencia de multidrogoresistencia en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y variación negativa de índice de masa corporal fue de 16%. La frecuencia de multidrogoresistencia en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar sin variación negativa de índice de masa corporal fue de 7%. La variación negativa de índice de masa corporal es factor asociado a multidrogoresistencia en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar con un riesgo relativo de 2.33 el cual fue significativo (p<0.05). Conclusiones: La variación negativa de índice de masa corporal es factor asociado a multidrogoresistencia en tuberculosis pulmonar en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo.Objective: To demonstrate if the negative variation in body mass index is a factor associated with multidrug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis at Hospital Belen de Trujillo. Material and Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective, cohort study was conducted. The study population consisted of 176 adult patients; which were divided into 2 groups: with negative variance or without negative variation of body mass index; the relative risk and chi-square test were calculated. Results: There were no significant differences regarding the variables age, gender and origin between the study groups (p>0.05). The frequency of multidrug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative variation in BMI was 16%. The frequency of multidrug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with no negative variation in BMI was 7%. The negative variation in body mass index is a factor associated with multidrug resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with a relative risk of 2.33 which was significant (p <0.05). Conclusions: The negative variation in body mass index is a factor associated with multidrug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis at Hospital Belen de Trujillo.Tesi

Cruise Report ALKOR AL491, 13.4.-28.4.2017

Key elements of this study are to understand born-globals and the market selection decision process. The goal is to go beyond the traditional born-global theory and add the international market selection theory to it. The additional layer to the born-global market selection theory should include market selection tools and a market selection decision framework. This is an ethnographic case study with the focus on Funzi’s market selection process. Funzi is a born-global start-up founded in 2014 and provides free learning to its users across the globe. Course provided by Funzi are built around the themes of livelihood and well-being. The primary markets for the case company are in Africa, but the company has had users from 194 countries since inception. In general, the company focuses on emerging markets as there is a need for the product. The theoretical background of this study includes two main theories. The theory of born-globals investigates the different factors affecting internationalization such as business networks and limited home market. The international market selection theory adds a systematic decision framework for market selection and reviews tools available for market selection. At the end of the theory section a synthesis of the theory is provided in addition to a market selection process for born-globals figure. The study is based on qualitative data gathered via interviews, company documents and personal notes. The main findings of this study support the previous literature on born-globals and their internationalization. Factors such as a limited home market, business networks and social ties, international orientation and prior experience of the founders, and dynamics of the industry are key in the internationalization of born-globals. The findings also state that the case company systematically analyzes markets prior to entry thus providing evidence to further study how the international market selection theory can provide new insights into born-globals and their market selection process. In the theoretical contribution chapter an updated figure of the market selection process of born-globals is provided. This figure may be used by managers of born-globals as a method to create a more systematic market selection process.siirretty Doriast

PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. INTI BUMI PERKASA (IBP) BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berawal dari ditemukannya ada permasalahan pada kinerja karyawan. Masalah yang terlihat pada penelitian ini adalah kinerja karyawan yang rendah yang diakibatkan oleh disiplin kerja dan motivasi yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh disiplin kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja di PT. Inti Bumi Perkasa (IBP) Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei, data diperoleh dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 60 responden, yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian karyawan pada PT. Inti Bumi Perkasa (IBP) Bandung, sehingga dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sensus. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Regresi Linier berganda, analisis korelasi berganda dan analisis koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian secara deskriftif membuktikan bahwa, disiplin kerja dan motivasi berada pada kategori ‘cukup baik’, namun pencapaiannya belum optimal. Hasil penelitian secara verifikatif membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara parsial maupun simultan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dari disiplin kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai dimana yang paling dominan pengaruhnya adalah motivasi Kata kunci: Disiplin kerja, Motivasi dan Kinerja Pegawa

PERANCANGAN MEDIA INFORMASI TENTANG CIRI - CIRI ADHD UNTUK ORANG TUA DI KOTA BANDUNG. UMMU LATIFAH 126010054

Kepedulian dan pengetahuan orangtua ssangat menentukan perkembangan anak untuk masa depan. Salah satu perkembangan yang jarang orang tua mengetahuinya adalah Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder atau disebut ADHD dan pengetahuan referensi orang tua yan g kurang tersebut mengakibatkan ketidak tahuan atau bahkan tidak tertanganinya anak ADHD secara tepat. Media informasi merupakan salah satu alat penyampai pesan yang dapat dijadikan sumber referensi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dibutuhkan sebuah media i nformasi yang nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber referensi mengenai ADHD. Informasi yang didalamnya berisi ciri - ciri ADHD kepada orang tua, ini bertujuan untuk mengingatkan orang tua untuk lebih tanggap dalam memahami gejala yang anak tunjukan, serta beberapa penanganaan dasar yang dapat dilakukan dirumah. Dengan perancangan media informasi tersebut tentu diharapkan akan menjadi solusi yang efektif dengan berdasarkan pada metode - metode penelitian yang digunakan serta, dengan dukungan aspek baik estetik a desain maupun psikologis. Sehingga menjadikannya tepat sasaran akan pesan atau informasi yang disampaikan nantinya. Kata kunci : ADHD, ciri - ciri, buku, informatif

Структура фінансової безпеки регіону та характеристика її складових

This research has been conducted within the realm of where today’s digital media society and the timeless concept of cultural identity overlap. The aim of this thesis is to explore the nature of online cultural identity management. By focusing on the social media platform, Pinterest, this study considers the food-pinning behavior of a group of Americans living in Finland and connects their online actions with their cultural identity. Through an examination of Pinterest as a social space, and even a third place, the relative theoretical literature provides and interesting background for a contemporary discussion on the matter. Literature on food as a cultural marker is also brought into consideration. Using the methods of introspection and an adapted version of virtual ethnography, a study was conducted, and ultimately, the analysis of data obtained from the Pinterest boards of ten individuals shows that the vast majority of food-related information in this setting is US-sourced. A questionnaire provides further insight into the individuals’ Pinterest usage. I argue that pinning is an act of online identity management, whether it is a conscious act or a situational effect, and that using Pinterest maintains and even strengthens these individuals’ cultural identity as Americans. This study adds to current discussions pertaining to transnationalism, globalization, and online cultural identity, as well as opens channels for further research on this dynamic topic, which is needed to understand ourselves as cultural beings in the digital age.Siirretty Doriast

Resenha de Soror Maria de Mesquita Pimentel, Memorial da Infância de Cristo e Triunfo do Divino Amor (Primeira Parte)

Recensão crítica da obra "Resenha de Soror Maria de Mesquita Pimentel, Memorial da Infância de Cristo e Triunfo do Divino Amor (Primeira Parte

Інноваційний менеджмент в сучасному світі

Kuluttajat käyttävät sisältöpohjaisia digitaalisia palveluita jatkuvasti saadakseen lisää tietoa terveydestään. Samalla he arvioivat käyttämiensä palveluiden laatua. Jotta yritykset voisivat suunnitella ja tarjota parhaita mahdollisia digitaalisia palveluita kuluttajille, yritysten tulisi tunnistaa ja analysoida kuluttajien kokemuksia ja käyttötarkoituksia heidän palveluissaan. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvailla kuluttajien näkemyksiä Masennusinfo.fi:stä, joka on sisältöpohjainen digitaalinen palvelu, ja joka tarjoaa käyttäjilleen tietoa masennuksesta. Päämääränä on selvittää, kuinka kuluttajat kokevat lääkeyrityksen tarjoaman palvelun laadun ja mihin tarkoituksiin sitä käytetään. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus voidaan jakaa kolmeen osa-ongelmaan: Mihin tarkoituksiin kuluttajat käyttävät sisältöpohjaisia digitaalisia palveluita? Miten kuluttajat kokevat näiden palveluiden laadun? Kuinka käyttötarkoitus ja koettu laatu eroavat eri käyttäjäryhmissä? Tutkimus toteutetaan web-pohjaisella kyselytutkimuksella. Mittarit tehdään teoreettisen viitekehyksen pohjalta, joka perustuu aikaisempaan tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osuus suoritetaan pop-up tutkimuksella, joka sijoitetaan tutkittavalle sivustolle antaen näin kaikille palvelun käyttäjille mahdollisuuden vastata kyselyyn. Tulokset osoittavat, että palvelua käyttävät suurimmaksi osaksi naiset, suhteellisen nuoret 16−29- vuotiaat, tai yli keski-ikäiset 50−65-vuotiaat henkilöt, jotka ovat joko työssäkäyviä tai opiskelijoita ja korkeasti koulutettuja. Masennusinfo.fi nähdään laadukkaana palveluna kaikissa käyttäjäryhmissä sekä sen käytettävyyden että sisällön perusteella. Käyttötarkoituksetkin ovat jokseenkin samankaltaisia eri käyttäjäryhmissä. Yleensä palvelua käytetään tiedon hakemiseen sairauden alkuvaiheessa. Löydöksien perusteella esitetään, että palvelua muokataan vastaamaan yhä paremmin sen käyttötarkoituksia ja tyypillistä käyttäjäprofiilia. Koska muutamia pieniä eroja käyttäjäryhmien näkemyksissä havaittiin, palveluiden tuottaja päättää, minkä ryhmän mieltymyksiä se noudattaa.Consumers use content-based digital services all the time to find out more about their health. At the same time they evaluate the services they use in terms of quality. Companies should identify and analyse the consumers’ experiences of their services, and purposes for which the services are used, in order to design and offer the best digital services for their users. The purpose of this study is to describe consumers’ views of a content-based digital service Masennusinfo.fi, which is a website providing information about depression. The study aims to find out how consumers perceive the quality of a digital service maintained by a pharmaceutical company and for what purposes do they use the service. This purpose can be broken down into three sub-questions: For what purposes consumers use content-based digital services? How do the consumers perceive the quality of these services? How does the usage and perceived service quality differ across different user groups? The study is conducted with a web-based survey. Measures derive from the theoretical framework which is based on previous research. The empirical part of the study is run as a pop-up survey on the studied website enabling all the users of the website to answer to the questionnaire. The results indicate that the service users are mostly women, rather young, 16−29 year-olds, or above middle-age, 50−65 year-olds, employed or studying, and highly educated. Moreover, Masennusinfo.fi is evaluated as a service of good quality. Both the usability and the content were evaluated high in quality on average. Also the usage of the service is perceived somewhat consistently among the respondents. The service is used for information gathering usually in the early stages of the disease. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the service is modified to respond better the usage purposes of the users, and the typical user. Moreover, as there are few minor differences in the perceptions of different user groups, the service provider decides which preferences to follow.siirretty Doriast

Проблеми фінансової підтримки малого підприємництва в Україні

For the past decades, educational large-scale reforms have been elaborated and implemented in many countries and often resulted in partial or complete failure. These results brought researchers to study policy processes in order to address this particular challenge. Studies on implementation processes brought to light an existing causal relationship between the implementation process and the effectiveness of a reform. This study aims to describe the implementation process of educational change in Finland, who produced efficient educational reforms over the last 50 years. The case study used for the purpose of this study is the national reform of undivided basic education (yhtenäinen peruskoulu) implemented in the end of the 1990s. Therefore, this research aims to describe how the Finnish undivided basic education reform was implemented. This research was carried out using a pluralist and structuralist approach of policy process and was analyzed according to the hybrid model of implementation process. The data were collected using a triangulation of methods, i.e. documentary research, interviews and questionnaires. The data were qualitative and were analyzed using content analysis methods. This study concludes that the undivided basic education reform was applied in a very decentralized manner, which is a reflection of the decentralized system present in Finland. Central authorities provided a clear vision of the purpose of the reform, but did not control the implementation process. They rather provided extensive support in the form of transmission of information and development of collaborative networks. Local authorities had complete autonomy in terms of decision-making and implementation process. Discussions, debates and decisions regarding implementation processes took place at the local level and included the participation of all actors present on the field. Implementation methods differ from a region to another, with is the consequence of the variation of the level of commitment of local actors but also the diversity of local realities. The reform was implemented according to existing structures and values, which means that it was in cohesion with the context in which it was implemented. These results cannot be generalized to all implementation processes of educational change in Finland but give a great insight of what could be the model used in Finland. Future studies could intent to confirm the model described here by studying other reforms that took place in Finland.Siirretty Doriast