65,607 research outputs found
Random matrices, continuous circular systems and the triangular operator
We present a Hilbert space approach to the limit joint *-distributions of
complex independent Gaussian random matrices. For that purpose, we use a
suitably defined family of creation and annihilation operators living in some
direct integral of Hilbert spaces. These operators are decomposed in terms of
continuous circular systems of operators acting between the fibers of the
considered Hilbert space direct integral. In the case of square matrices with
i.i.d. entries, we obtain the circular operators of Voiculescu, whereas in the
case of upper-triangular matrices with i.i.d. entries, we obtain the triangular
operators of Dykema and Haagerup. We apply this approach to give a bijective
proof of a formula for *-moments of the triangular operator, using the
enumeration formula of Chauve, Dulucq and Rechnizter for alternating ordered
rooted trees.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, 1 reference added, minor change
Turaev genus, knot signature, and the knot homology concordance invariants
We give bounds on knot signature, the Ozsvath-Szabo tau invariant, and the
Rasmussen s invariant in terms of the Turaev genus of the knot.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
On the Strong Invariance Property for Non-Lipschitz Dynamics
We provide a new sufficient condition for strong invariance for differential
inclusions, under very general conditions on the dynamics, in terms of a
Hamiltonian inequality. In lieu of the usual Lipschitzness assumption on the
multifunction, we assume a feedback realization condition that can in
particular be satisfied for measurable dynamics that are neither upper nor
lower semicontinuous.Comment: 15 pages, 0 figures. For this revision, the authors added a remark
about an alternative nonconstructive proof of the main resul
Fermi-liquid effects in the gapless state of marginally thin superconducting films
We present low temperature tunneling density-of-states measurements in Al
films in high parallel magnetic fields. The thickness range of the films, t=6-9
nm, was chosen so that the orbital and Zeeman contributions to their parallel
critical fields were comparable. In this quasi-spin paramagnetically limited
configuration, the field produces a significant suppression of the gap, and at
high fields the gapless state is reached. By comparing measured and calculated
tunneling spectra we are able to extract the value of the antisymmetric
Fermi-liquid parameter G^0 and thereby deduce the quasiparticle density
dependence of the effective parameter G^0_{eff} across the gapless state.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Tenfold Magnetoconductance in a Non-Magnetic Metal Film
We present magnetoconductance (MC) measurements of homogeneously disordered
Be films whose zero field sheet conductance (G) is described by the
Efros-Shklovskii hopping law . The low field
MC of the films is negative with G decreasing 200% below 1 T. In contrast the
MC above 1 T is strongly positive. At 8 T, G increases 1000% in perpendicular
field and 500% in parallel field. In the simpler parallel case, we observe {\em
field enhanced} variable range hopping characterized by an attenuation of
via the Zeeman interaction.Comment: 9 pages including 5 figure
Dust Formation Above Cool Magnetic Spots in Evolved Stars
We examine the structure of cool magnetic spots in the photospheres of
evolved stars, specifically asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and R Coronae
Borealis stars. We find that the photosphere of a cool magnetic spot will be
above the surrounding photosphere of AGB stars, opposite to the situation in
the sun. This results from the behavior of the opacity, which increases with
decreasing temperature, opposite to the behavior of the opacity near the
effective temperature of the sun. We analyze the formation of dust above the
cool magnetic spots, and suggest that the dust formation is facilitated by
strong shocks, driven by stellar pulsations, which run through and around the
spots. The presence of both the magnetic field and cooler temperatures make
dust formation easier as the shock passes above the spot. We review some
observations supporting the proposed mechanism, and suggest further
observations to check the model.Comment: 22 pages, uses aasms4.sty, preprin
Non-gaussianities and the Stimulated creation of quanta in the inflationary universe
Cosmological inflation generates a spectrum of density perturbations that can
seed the cosmic structures we observe today. These perturbations are usually
computed as the result of the gravitationally-induced spontaneous creation of
perturbations from an initial vacuum state. In this paper, we compute the
perturbations arising from gravitationally-induced stimulated creation when
perturbations are already present in the initial state. The effect of these
initial perturbations is not diluted by inflation and survives to its end, and
beyond. We consider a generic statistical density operator describing an
initial mixed state that includes probabilities for nonzero numbers of scalar
perturbations to be present at early times during inflation. We analyze the
primordial bispectrum for general configurations of the three different
momentum vectors in its arguments. We find that the initial presence of quanta
can significantly enhance non-gaussianities in the so-called squeezed limit.
Our results show that an observation of non-gaussianities in the squeezed limit
can occur for single-field inflation when the state in the very early
inflationary universe is not the vacuum, but instead contains early-time
perturbations. Valuable information about the initial state can then be
obtained from observations of those non-gaussianities.Comment: 25 page
Hopf algebras of prime dimension in positive characteristic
We prove that a Hopf algebra of prime dimension over an algebraically
closed field, whose characteristic is equal to , is either a group algebra
or a restricted universal enveloping algebra. Moreover, we show that any Hopf
algebra of prime dimension over a field of characteristic is
commutative and cocommutative when or . This problem remains open
in positive characteristic when .Comment: 7 pages; to appear in Bulletin of the London Mathematical Societ
Direct reaction measurements with a 132Sn radioactive ion beam
The (d,p) neutron transfer and (d,d) elastic scattering reactions were
measured in inverse kinematics using a radioactive ion beam of 132Sn at 630
MeV. The elastic scattering data were taken in a region where Rutherford
scattering dominated the reaction, and nuclear effects account for less than 8%
of the cross section. The magnitude of the nuclear effects was found to be
independent of the optical potential used, allowing the transfer data to be
normalized in a reliable manner. The neutron-transfer reaction populated a
previously unmeasured state at 1363 keV, which is most likely the
single-particle 3p1/2 state expected above the N=82 shell closure. The data
were analyzed using finite range adiabatic wave calculations and the results
compared with the previous analysis using the distorted wave Born
approximation. Angular distributions for the ground and first excited states
are consistent with the previous tentative spin and parity assignments.
Spectroscopic factors extracted from the differential cross sections are
similar to those found for the one neutron states beyond the benchmark
doubly-magic nucleus 208Pb.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
Fermi surface, possible unconventional fermions, and unusually robust resistive critical fields in the chiral-structured superconductor AuBe
The noncentrosymmetric superconductor (NCS) AuBe is investigated using a
variety of thermodynamic and resistive probes in magnetic fields of up to 65~T
and temperatures down to 0.3~K. Despite the polycrystalline nature of the
samples, the observation of a complex series of de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA)
oscillations has allowed the calculated bandstructure for AuBe to be validated.
This permits a variety of BCS parameters describing the superconductivity to be
estimated, despite the complexity of the measured Fermi surface. In addition,
AuBe displays a nonstandard field dependence of the phase of dHvA oscillations
associated with a band thought to host unconventional fermions in this chiral
lattice. This result demonstrates the power of the dHvA effect to establish the
properties of a single band despite the presence of other electronic bands with
a larger density of states, even in polycrystalline samples. In common with
several other NCSs, we find that the resistive upper critical field exceeds
that measured by heat capacity and magnetization by a considerable factor. We
suggest that our data exclude mechanisms for such an effect associated with
disorder, implying that topologically protected superconducting surface states
may be involved
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