271 research outputs found
Virtual photon structure functions and positivity constraints
We study the three positivity constraints among the eight virtual photon
structure functions, derived from the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and which are
hence model-independent. The photon structure functions obtained from the
simple parton model show quite different behaviors in a massive quark or a
massless quark case, but they satisfy, in both cases, the three positivity
constraints. We then discuss an inequality which holds among the unpolarized
and polarized photon structure functions , and
, in the kinematic region , where is the mass squared of the probe (target) photon, and we examine
whether this inequality is satisfied by the perturbative QCD results.Comment: 24 pages, 13 eps figure
The Mass of the Lightest Supersymmetric Higgs Boson beyond the Leading Logarithm Approximation
We examine the radiative corrections to the mass of the lightest Higgs boson
in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. We use the
renormalization-group improved effective potential which includes the
next-to-leading-order contributions. We find that, contrary to the result of
Espinosa and Quir\'os, the higher-order corrections to the lightest Higgs boson
mass are non-negligible, adding GeV ( GeV) to the result in the
leading logarithm approximation for the range of top quark mass and for the supersymmetric breaking scale (). Also we find that our result is
stable under the change of the renormalization parameter .Comment: 17 pages (2 figures not included
Nano-artifact metrics based on random collapse of resist
Artifact metrics is an information security technology that uses the
intrinsic characteristics of a physical object for authentication and clone
resistance. Here, we demonstrate nano-artifact metrics based on silicon
nanostructures formed via an array of resist pillars that randomly collapse
when exposed to electron-beam lithography. The proposed technique uses
conventional and scalable lithography processes, and because of the random
collapse of resist, the resultant structure has extremely fine-scale morphology
with a minimum dimension below 10 nm, which is less than the resolution of
current lithography capabilities. By evaluating false match, false non-match
and clone-resistance rates, we clarify that the nanostructured patterns based
on resist collapse satisfy the requirements for high-performance security
applications
Whitney umbrellas and swallowtails
In this paper, we introduce the notions of map-germs of pedal unfolding type
and normalized Legendrian map-germs; and then we show that the fundamental
theorem of calculus provides a natural one to one correspondence between
Whitney umbrellas of pedal unfolding type and normalized swallowtails
Spin Structure Function of the Virtual Photon Beyond the Leading Order in QCD
Polarized photon structure can be studied in the future polarized
colliding-beam experiments. We investigate the spin-dependent
structure function of the virtual photon , in
perturbative QCD for , where () is the
mass squared of the probe (target) photon. The analysis is performed to
next-to-leading order in QCD. We particularly emphasize the renormalization
scheme independence of the result.The non-leading corrections significantly
modify the leading log result, in particular, at large as well as at small
. We also discuss the non-vanishing first moment sum rule of ,
where corrections are computed.Comment: 39 pages, LaTeX, 6 Postscript Figures, eqsection.sty file include
Target Mass Effects in Polarized Virtual Photon Structure Functions
We study target mass effects in the polarized virtual photon structure
functions , in the kinematic
region , where is the mass squared of
the probe (target) photon. We obtain the expressions for and in closed form by inverting the
Nachtmann moments for the twist-2 and twist-3 operators. Numerical analysis
shows that target mass effects appear at large and become sizable near
, the maximal value of , as the ratio
increases. Target mass effects for the sum rules of and
are also discussed.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 9 eps figure
The corrections to the first moment of the polarized virtual photon structure function
We present the next-to-next-to-leading order () corrections
to the first moment of the polarized virtual photon structure function
in the kinematical region ,
where is the mass squared of the probe (target) photon and
is the QCD scale parameter. In order to evaluate the three-loop-level
photon matrix element of the flavor singlet axial current, we resort to the
Adler-Bardeen theorem for the axial anomaly and we calculate in effect the
two-loop diagrams for the photon matrix element of the gluon operator. The
corrections are found to be about 3% of the sum of the
leading order () andthe next-to-leading order ()
contributions, when and , and the
number of active quark flavors is three to five.Comment: 21 page
An explanatory model for food-web structure and evolution
Food webs are networks describing who is eating whom in an ecological
community. By now it is clear that many aspects of food-web structure are
reproducible across diverse habitats, yet little is known about the driving
force behind this structure. Evolutionary and population dynamical mechanisms
have been considered. We propose a model for the evolutionary dynamics of
food-web topology and show that it accurately reproduces observed food-web
characteristic in the steady state. It is based on the observation that most
consumers are larger than their resource species and the hypothesis that
speciation and extinction rates decrease with increasing body mass. Results
give strong support to the evolutionary hypothesis.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure
Exponentiation of certain Matrices related to the Four Level System by use of the Magic Matrix
In this paper we show how to calculate explicitly the exponential of certain
matrices, which are evolution operators governing the interaction of the four
level system of atoms and the radiation, etc. We present a consistent method in
terms of the magic matrix by Makhlin.
As a closely related subject, we derive a closed form expression of the
Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula for a class of matrices in SU(4), by use of
the method developed by the present authors in quant-ph/0610009.Comment: Latex ; 13 pages ; 2 figures ; substantial changes (including the
title) made. To appear in Yokohama Mathematical Journal (2007
Upper bounds on the non-random fluctuations in first passage percolation with low moment conditions
We consider first passage percolation with i.i.d. weights on edges of the
d-dimensional cubic lattice. Under the assumptions that a weight is equal to
zero with probability smaller than the critical probability of bond percolation
in the d-dimensional cubic lattice, and has moments bigger than 1, we
investigate upper bounds on the so-called non-random fluctuations of the model.
In addition, we give an application of our result to a lower bound for variance
of the first passage percolation in the case where the limit shape has flat
edges.Comment: This is the corrected version of the paper. 11 pages, title change
- …