Research and development program for a combined carbon dioxide removal and reduction system. Supplement 1, phase 2a - Physicochemical properties of lithium chloride lithium carbonate melt mixtures

Physiochemical properties of liquid mixtures of lithium chloride and lithium carbonat

Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced from ogbono (Irvingia gabonesis) seed oil

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel and has gained significant attention due to the predicted depletion of conventional fossil fuels and environmental concerns. This study aims to produce biodiesel from ogbono seed oil (using 98 ml methanol and 2g potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst) via transesterification process and to determine the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced. The physiochemical properties of the feedstock (extracted ogbono seed oil) were also determined before the transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel showed that it has a density of 0.5±0.00 g/cm3, pour point of 2.0±0, saponification value of 58.90±0.06 mg KOH/g, ester value of 98.0±0.5% (m/m), iodine value of 26.64±0.15gI2/100g, acid value of 0.28±0.05 mgKOH/g, moisture value of 0.0006 ±0.0% and trace amounts of ash content. The results of the physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel agree with ASTM-D6751 and EN 14214 standard. Thus, it was concluded that ogbono seed oil is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production via base catalyzed transesterification proces

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones; potential imaging agents of the metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor

A focused library of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones containing sites for 11C-, 18F- and 123I-labelling have been prepared and evaluated against membrane expressing human recombinant metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor (mGluR2). The compounds were found to be non-competitive antagonists with nanomolar affinity. HPLC evaluation of the physiochemical properties of these compounds identified two candidates for PET and SPECT imaging of mGluR2

A critical analysis of physiochemical properties influencing pit latrine emptying and feacal sludge disposal in Kampala Slums, Uganda

Inadequate information on physiochemical properties of faecal sludge leads to inappropriate design of pit emptying devices and poor faecal sludge disposal contributing to environmental pollution. This study undertook a critical analysis of physiochemical properties of feacal sludge that influence design and performance of pit emptying devices and faecal sludge disposal for improved faecal sludge management in urban slums. The physiochemical properties determined were; Moisture content (MC), ash content (AC), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and pH. Samples were collected from 55 unlined pits at depths of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 m from pit surface. The unlined pits in this study were purposively selected from slums in Kampala. A sample of 300 g was sucked from each depth using a manual sampling tool and emptied into a plastic container. The container was then wrapped in a black plastic bag and transported in cooler boxes to the lab for analysis. The properties were subjected to Principal Component Analysis to isolate the critical parameters that affect pit emptying and faecal sludge disposal. The mean results were: MC of 86 ± 8.37%; TS of 0.14 ± 0.08 g/g wet sample; VS of 0.73 ± 0.32 g/g dry sample; pH of 8.0 ± 1.5; AC of 0.35± 0.18 g/g dry sample; TN of 3.5 ± 0.08%; K of 2.2± 0.13% and P of 1.4± 0.05%. It was concluded that physiochemical properties in Ugandan pits are comparable to those of global pits except for the acidic conditions at top surface in some pits, and higher moisture content in pits due to the high water table. PCA results showed that moisture content and total solids affected pit emptying techniques while fractional content of N, P and pH affect most choice of faecal sludge disposal technique.Key words: Pit latrine, faecal sludge management, developing countries, physiochemical properties, pit emptying

PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PRETREATED BIOMEDICAL WASTES

Objectives: The main objective of the research is to pretreat the Category III biomedical waste using Bacillus flexus and to assess the physiochemical properties of pretreated biomedical waste.Methods: Major pretreatment methods such as physical (P), chemical (C), biological (using B. flexus) (B), physical and chemical, and physical, chemical, and biological method (PCB) were adopted for this investigation. The nutritional status was analyzed before and after the pretreatment. The physiochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, bulk density, cellulose content, and carbohydrate content were assessed.Results: There was a significant difference between before and after the pretreatments of physiochemical properties. By treating, the biomedical waste with B. flexus has produced a drastic change in the cellulose level. By the assessment of each parameter before and after the pretreatment, the percentage of cellulose levels was found to be 35-40 in PCB method.Conclusions: Hence, the study concludes that the pretreated biomedical waste contains suitable physiochemical properties, which may be used as a substrate for the production of vermicompost

INVESTIGATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL, MINERAL CONTENT AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTY OF A POLYHERBAL EXTRACT

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical, mineral content, and physiochemical properties of a polyherbalextract (PE).Methods: Fresh plants Punica granatum (rind), Catharanthus roseus, Gymnema sylvestre, Cissus quadrangularis, Garcinia cambogia, Tinosporacordifolia, Terminalia Arjuna, Urginea indica, Ficus racemosa were selected for the PE. The plants were collected from various areas in and aroundCoimbatore district. The plants were washed, air dried, and coarsely powdered. 10 g of each plant powder has undergone various extract analysis forits phytochemical screening. The coarse extract called PE is been tested for physiochemical properties and its mineral content.Results: The presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins in all the extract but highest in thehydroethanolic extract. The physiochemical properties showed the appropriate pH and solubility of PE.Conclusion: Our findings provide that PE contain medicinally important secondary metabolites for the treatment of various diseases like cancer,cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus in the traditional folk medicine.Keywords: Punica granatum (rind), Catharanthus roseus, Gymnema sylvestre, Cissus quadrangularis, Garcinia cambogia, Tinospora cordifolia,Terminalia Arjuna, Urginea indica, Ficus racemosa, Cardiovascular diseases, Polyherbal extract

A theoretical analysis of secondary structural characteristics of anticancer peptides

Here, cluster analysis showed that a database of 158 peptides formed 21 clusters based on net positive charge, hydrophobicity and amphiphilicity. In general these clusters showed similar median toxicities (p = 0.176) against eukaryotic cell lines and no single combination of these properties was found optimal for efficacy. The database contained 14 peptides, which showed selectivity for tumour cell lines only (ACPCT), 123 peptides with general toxicity to eukaryotic cells (ACPGT) and 21 inactive peptides (ACPI). Hydrophobic arc size analysis showed that there was no significant difference across the datasets. Even though there was no correlation there was no correlation observed, peptides with wide hydrophobic arcs (> 270°) appeared less toxic. Extended hydrophobic moment plot analysis predicted that over 50% of ACPCT and ACPGT peptides would be surface active, which led to the suggestion that amphiphilicity is a key driver of the membrane interactions for these peptides but probably plays a role in their efficacy rather than their selectivity. This analysis also predicted that only 14% of ACPCT peptides compared to 45% of ACPGT peptides were candidates for tilted peptide formation. This implies that those peptides with non-specific activity may have a tendency towards the utilisation of membrane disruptive structures such as tilt peptides which led to the suggestion that the absence of this structure may support cancer cell selectivity. However, these analyses predicted that ACPI peptides, which possess no anticancer activity, would also form surface active and tilted a-helices, clearly showing that other factors are involved in determining the efficacy and selectivity of ACPs

Physiochemical properties of alkali treated kappa - carrageenan

Kappa (k)-carrageenan was extracted from the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, grown in Fiji, using varying concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution: 0.1 to 0.5 M. Increasing KOH concentration increased the yield of -carrageenan while the sulfate content, and the viscosity average molar mass decreased. -carrageenan solutions exhibited non-Newtonian fluid behavior. For the different alkali (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 & 0.5 M) treated -carrageenan, the critical gelling concentration was found to be 1.0, 0.8, 0.7 & 0.6 w/v % respectively at ambient temperature within 24 hrs. The activation energy of the viscous flow was found to decrease for the -carrageenan extracted with increasing alkali concentration. Young’s modulus was found to increase for the -carrageenan gels extracted with increasing alkali concentration up to 0. 3 M after which a sharp decline in gel strength was observed. The melting temperature determined from Differential Scanning Calorimetry increased for gels extracted with higher KOH concentration