Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua Di Kelurahan Sawah Luhur Kecamatan Kasemen Kota Serang

Cagar Alam merupakan sebuah kawasan hutan suaka alam yang berarti terdapat perlindungan kawasan berupa kekayaan alam beserta isinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, (1) Mengidentifikasi pengaruh partisipasi masyarakat dalam bentuk tenaga terhadap konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. (2) Mengidentifikasi pengaruh partisipasi masyarakat dalam bentuk buah pikiran terhadap konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. (3) Mengidentifikasi pengaruh partisipasi masyarakat dalam bentuk harta benda terhadap konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. (4) Mengidentifikasi pengaruh partisipasi masyarakat dalam bentuk keterampilan dan kemahiran terhadap konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. (5) Mengidentifikasi pengaruh partisipasi masyarakat dalam bentuk sosial terhadap konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dilakukan untuk menjabarkan hasil temuan dilapangan dengan mengambil sampel dari populasi penduduk. Hal yang dilakukan pada saat penelitian dilapangan seperti menyebar angket kepada masyarakat Kelurahan Sawah Luhur, wawancara kepada pengelola dan pemerintah setempat serta observasi lapangan melihat kondisi sebenarnya wilayah penelitian. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah bahwa buah pikiran, tenaga, kemahiran dan keterampilan, dan sosial bernilai positif artinya faktor tersebut mempengaruhi konservasi untuk konservasi Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. Namun pengaruhnya rendah. Oleh karena itu menanamkan kesadaran masyarakat akan sebuah kelestarian alam harus ditingkatkan kembali. Kata kunci : Konservasi, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Cagar Alam Natural preserve is a forest area natural sanctuary which means there is protection areas in the form of wealth the nature and content.The aim of this research are, (1) identify the influence of public participation in the form of power to preserving the natural heritage Cagar Alam Pulau Dua (2) identify the influence of public participation in a form of fruit of the mind to preserving the natural heritage Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. (3) identify influence the participation of the people in the form of material possessions to preserving the natural heritage Cagar Alam Pulau Dua.(4) identify the influence of public participation in the form of skill and skillfulness to preserving the natural heritage Cagar Alam Pulau Dua (5) identify the influence of public participation in the form of social to preserving the natural heritage Cagar Alam Pulau Dua . This research using a descriptive of method was done to describe the result of the findings in field by taking sample of the population. A thing done at the time of research poll in field as spread to the public kelurahan Sawah Luhur, an interview to management and local government and field observation see the real condition. Result obtained is that the mind, power, skill, and social worth positive means that this factor affecting conservation of natural heritage for the preservation of the Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. But its influence low. Hence educate people will be a preserve nature must be improved back. Keywords : conservastion, public participation, Natural preserv

The viral vector vaccine VSV-GP boosts immune response upon repeated applications

Background: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a potent candidate vaccine vector for various viral diseases (e.g. HIV, HCV, RSV). The biggest limitation of VSV, however, is its neurotoxicity, which limits application in humans. The second drawback is that VSV induces neutralizing antibodies rapidly and is thus ineffective as a vaccine vector upon repeated applications. Our group has recently shown that VSV pseudotyped with the glycoprotein (GP) of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), VSV-GP, is not neurotoxic. The aim of this project was to evaluate the potential of VSV-GP as a vaccine vector. Methods: For this purpose, we used Ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen and analyzed immunogenicity of GP-pseudotyped and wildtype VSV containing OVA (VSV-GP-OVA and VSV-OVA) in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Results: We showed that both vectors infected murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmDCs) in vitro. These bmDCs were able to activate OVA specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Immunization experiments in mice revealed that both VSV-OVA and VSV-GP-OVA induced functional OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) after a single immunization. In addition, with both viruses, mice generated antibodies against OVA. However, boosting with the same virus was only possible for the GP-pseudotyped virus but not for wild type VSV. The efficacy of repeated immunization with VSV-OVA was most likely limited by high levels of neutralizing antibodies, which we detected after the first immunization. In contrast, no neutralizing antibodies against VSV-GP were induced even after boosting. Conclusion: Taken together, we showed that the non-neurotoxic VSV-GP is able to induce specific T cell and B cell responses against the model antigen OVA to the same level as the wild type VSV vector. However, in contrast to wild type VSV, VSV-GP-OVA boosted the immune response upon repeated applications. Thus, VSV-GP is a promising novel vaccine vector

Japan public management system and development processes analysis from the perspective of administration reform studies and organizational structure

Üniter devlet yapısına sahip Japonya’da yönetim sistemi, merkezi ve yerel yönetimler olmak üzere ikili bir yapı sergilemektedir. Sistemin bugünkü halini almasına kadar geçen sürede, birçok idari reform çalışmasına başvurulmuştur. Bu idari reform çalışmalarının başarıya ulaşması için ise, paralelinde ekonomik ve sosyal alanda birbirini tamamlayan reform çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Tarihi boyunca yönetim sistemi ile ilgili reformlara sahne olan Japonya’da, öncelikle imparator Meiji dönemindeki modernleşme çabaları, ardından da II. Dünya Savaşı yenilgisi ve uygulamaya konan çalışmalar, yönetim sisteminin şekil almasında önemli dönüm noktalarını oluşturmuştur. 1980’li yıllardan sonra modern dönemin yönelimleri ve ülkenin iç dinamikleri dikkate alınarak uygulanan reformlar ise bugünkü Japon yönetim sisteminin son halini almasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmayla, incelemeye alınan idari reform süreçleri ve tarihsel değişimler ışığında Japon merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerinin yapısına dair bir kaynak hazırlanması amaçlanmıştır. Tezin amacını yerine getirmeye çalışırken yapılan literatür incelemeleri ile ulaşılan sonuç ise, Japon reform anlayışının, temelde Japonya’nın uluslar arası platformda elde ettiği yerini muhafaza etmek ve dünya ile rekabet gücünün devamlılığını sağlamak amacını taşıdığı gözlenmiştir.Japan has a unitary state structure and the public management system, consist of a binary element, including central and local governments. Until the completion of final formation of the system, the governments performed some administration reforms. To reach the successful results, complementary economic and social reform studies were implemented concurrently with the administration reforms. There were various administration reform efforts during Japan public management history and there were two crucial points which had effective role in administration system structuring. The first one is the modernization efforts in Meiji era and the other one is II.World War defeat and following reform studies. Additionally, the next stage reforms during 1980s were performed based on modern world trends and Japan’s internal dynamics. Consequently, Japan public management system reached to its final formation. The main objective of this thesis is preparing a comprehensive source about Japan central and local governments, based on these reform efforts and historical background. During research activities to reach this objective, the conclusion appears as follows: The basic aim of Japan reform method is to protect Japan’s position on the international stage and to provide continuity of its competitiveness all around the world

Sikap Mengenai Keselamatan pada Residen dan Perawat di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan

Background: Provider attitudes about issues pertinent topatient safety may be related to errors and adverse events.Residents as the main health provider in teaching hospitalsplay an important factors for assuring patient safety.Objective: To assess the attitudes of residents towards patientsafety and compare the attituted to other health providersnurse/midwive) in the Obstetrics Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic.Methods: This was a survey conducted in a teaching hospitalat Yogyakarta. Safety Attitude Questionnare (SAQ)-A questionnairewas adapted into Indonesian setting to assess attitudesamong residents and nurses at Obstetrics Gynaecologyoutpatient clinic. All residents and health providers were invitedto participate in this survey.Results: Total of 71 respondents involved in this survey (consistedof 79% of total residents and 82% of total nurses). TheSAQ-A questionnaire which was used here had comparableinternal consistency with the previous study. In general attitudestowards patient safety were higher among nurses/midwive than residents. Significant differences revealed relatedto perception to management and stress recognition.Perception to management score was the lowest compared toother scales (19,6% residents versus 33,3% nurses withpositive attitudes). There was no differences for other scalesbut still with low attitude scores. Aspects related to informationtransfer between residents and consultant, clinic referralsystem and care in test results management were perceivedas poor by residents and nurses.Conclusion: Residents have lower attitudes towards patientsafety compare to nurses/midwive. This study shows theimportance of providing orientation among residens beforetheir training program to improve patient safety attitude.Key Words: attitude towards patient safety, safety attitudesquestionnaire, teaching hospita

Determinan Perilaku Suami yang Mempengaruhi Pilihan Penolong Persalinan Bagi Istri

Background: Culture often gives limitation for women in decision taking regarding their health. In fact, husbands play an absolute role to determine who will attend and help the delivery.Objective: To explore husbands' behavior in choosing and determining that will help their wife's delivery.Methods: This is a survey study using cross-sectional design. The samples were 110 husbands who had a wife delivering in Pekuncen Sub District's primary health center, Banyumas District, Central Java, during the period of 1 January 2005 – 31 December 2005.Results: The variables that had significant relationship in choosing and determining birth attendant were husbands' education OR = 7.57 (95% Cl: 2.11 – 27.15), delivery cost OR = 6.77 (95% Cl: 2.06 – 22.28) and husbands' trust OR = 0.15 (95% Cl: 0.04 – 0.55). Husbands with higher level of education had an opportunity of 7.5 times increased to choose and determine the birth attendant compared to those with lower lever of education. Husbands' trust had an opportunity of 7 times decreased to choose and determine the birth attendant compared to those with no trust to the birth attendant. Expensive delivery cost would be 6.7 times increased the determination of the birth attendant by health provider compared to cheap delivery cost. It was because of some additional cost for the health provider that was relatively high. As a result, mean distribution curve of the birth attendant cost would tend to go to the right.Conclusions: Husbands' education, cost, and trust factors were the determinant factors in choosing and determining who would attend the delivery

Enhancement of OVA-induced murine lung eosinophilia by co-exposure to contamination levels of LPS in Asian sand dust and heated dust.

BackgroundA previous study has shown that the aggravation of Asian sand dust (ASD) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung eosinphilia was more severe in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-rich ASD than in SiO2-rich ASD. Therefore, the effects of different LPS contamination levels in ASD on the aggravation of OVA-induced lung eosinophilia were investigated in the present study.MethodsBefore beginning the in vivo experiment, we investigated whether the ultra-pure LPS would act only on TLR4 or not using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) of wild-type, TLR2-/-, TLR4-/- and MyD88-/- BALB/c mice. ASD collected from the desert was heated to remove toxic organic substances (H-ASD). BALB/c mice were instilled intratracheally with 12 different testing samples prepared with LPS (1 ng and 10 ng), H-ASD, and OVA in a normal saline solution. The lung pathology, cytological profiles in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in BALF and OVA-specific immunoglobulin in serum were investigated.ResultsThe LPS exhibited no response to the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in BMDMs from TLR4-/-, but did from TLR2-/-. H-ASD aggravated the LPS-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation. In the presence of OVA, LPS increased the level of eosinophils slightly and induced trace levels of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 at the levels of 1 ng and 10 ng. In the presence of OVA and H-ASD, LPS induced severe eosinophil infiltration and proliferation of goblet cells in the airways as well as remarkable increases in Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF. The mixture containing LPS (1 ng) showed adjuvant activity on OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 production.ConclusionsThe results suggest that H-ASD with naturally-occurring levels of LPS enhances OVA-induced lung eosinophilia via increases in Th2-mediated cytokines and antigen-specific immunoglobulin. These results indicate that LPS is a strong candidate for being a major aggravating substance in ASD