632 research outputs found
Verkennend onderzoek langs de Witte Nete (provincie Antwerpen): een geomorfologische benadering van archeologisch-landschappelijk diagnostisch onderzoek in de Kempen
The valley of the Kleine Nete river is archaeologically
a poorly documented region, primarily due to lack of
archaeological surveys. This lack of knowledge stands
in the way of developing efficient archaeological
management strategies in light of planning- or
development schemes. When an advice was asked
for drawing up a basin management plan for the
Nete basin, we decided for a period from end 2004 to
march 2005 to focus attention within the department
of the Central Archaeological Inventory (CAI)
of the Flemish Heritage Institute on this region.
For this purpose the data in the CAI was revised,
a number of amateur archaeologists active in the
region were contacted and thus some new findspots
were recorded, and a sample fieldwalking survey was
executed with the main upper course of the Kleine Nete
(the Witte Nete) as central focuspoint. This survey is
the subject of this article.
Our aims were to 1) collect primary archaeological
data, and 2) develop a methodology for regional diagnostic research and evaluation mapping taking into account the unknown archaeological heritage, without
using the classic predictive modelling strategies. For
this purpose the following steps were undertaken:
1) Creation of a basic geomorphological map of
the area
2) Archaeological fieldwalking survey, aiming
to equally sample all geomorphological units (if
possible)
3) Comparing the results from steps 1 & 2 and
identification of patterns
4) Augering survey to test the geomorphological
model and assess the physical preservation of
landscape elements
5) Interpretation and modelling preservation- and
research potential.
To develop the basic geomorphological map a
number of sources were used: quaternary geological
maps, soil maps, recent and historical topographical
maps, aerial photographs, and the digital terrain
model of Flanders. This last instrument was
developed very recently (2004), and is a dtm covering
the whole of Flanders.
The basic notion behind the research was to integrate and interpret the landscape and archaeological
data in one matrix, as a result of intertwined depositional and post-depositional processes.
The result is a model of preservation potential
and research possibilities. Rare landscape elements
such as late glacial dune ridges, palaeochannels, etc.
were identified and mapped, and it was possible to
assess the historical and subrecent erosion processes
in developing a general preservation model with the
identification of strongly physically degraded areas.
This approach also identified a number of important
gaps in our geomorphological knowledge: primarily
the phasing in the evolution and stratigraphy of the
Holocene valleys, and the internal morphology of the
Holocene dune areas.
The archaeological artefacts collected during the
fieldwalking survey were interpreted and assessed
in light of the identified post-depositional processes
and geomorphological units. In this interpretation
distributional patterns could be distinguished which
can be ascribed on the one hand to preferences in
landuse patterns in different periods, on the other
hand resulting from post- depositional processes,
finally to the data collection strategy (fieldwalking).
When comparing the patterns discovered during
this study with archaeological prediction models used
in the region, we had come to the conclusions that:
1) The available sources for the creation of good
prediction models (in the classic, processual
meaning of the term) are insufficient and lack
detail
2) The classic prediction models are strongly
simplified documents, taking into account only a
minor number of parameters
3) The predicted patterns in these models, when
applied to our study, are very unaccurate.
On the basis of the resulting model pro-active
strategies can be developed which include research
strategies to fill in our gaps in the knowledge, and
further evaluation and preservation strategies for
the identified well preserved areas. Zones of rare
preservation potential can be detected and in a next
phase evaluated. In light of development schemes
appropriate preventive measures can be formulated
for each geomorphological unit.
The research here described had mainly a methodological focus. Despite the small scale of the research we succeeded in creating a basic model for
archaeological regional diagnostics for the Campine
area, which is mainly based on geo-archaeological approaches. This model will be further refined in the
future, attempting to fill in the gaps in the geomorphological knowledge, and gathering more basic data
with additional surveys in the Campine area
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