From Carpathian gasoline plants to the modern petroleum industry of Ukraine

The paper describes the origin of petroleum refining industry and the current state of oil refining in Ukraine

Analysis of glycolipids in vegetable lecithin with HPLC-ELSD

Vegetable lecithins play an important role in the microstructural and macroscopic properties of food and cosmetic products. They are widely used as a natural emulsifier. As lecithin is a by-product of the vegetable oil refining industry, its composition is quite variable and rather complex. Therefore, a more complete view on the chemical composition of lecithin would assist in elucidating its functionality. This study focused on the separation and quantification of several glycolipid classes in lecithin, namely (1) digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), (2) steryl glucosides, (3) esterified steryl glucosides and (4) cerebrosides, using HPLC-ELSD. MGDG was not detected in soy lecithin

Привлечение инвестиций в нефтеперерабатывающую отрасль с помощью информационных технологий

This article deals with the problems of Russian oil refining. Special attention is given to the role of investment and information technologies in their solution

The Precise Definition of the Payload Tube Furnaces for Units of Primary Oil Refining

The article considers the primary oil refining unit AVDU A12/2 in the mode without vacuum unit. In this paper carried out extraction of data on process flows and equipment, tabulated streaming data. It is performed modelling of primary oil refining unit in the software package Unisim Design to refine the data. It was determined the potential energy savings through the using methods of the pinch analysis, done the project of reconstruction of AVDU A12/2 with the modelling in program Unisim Design to confirm the performance of the project. The amount of heat loss in the heat exchange equipment and pipes was calculated, have developed a method for the accurate determination of the payload tube furnaces

The Precise Definition of the Payload Tube Furnaces for Units of Primary Oil Refining

The article considers the primary oil refining unit AVDU A12/2 in the mode without vacuum unit. In this paper carried out extraction of data on process flows and equipment, tabulated streaming data. It is performed modelling of primary oil refining unit in the software package Unisim Design to refine the data. It was determined the potential energy savings through the using methods of the pinch analysis, done the project of reconstruction of AVDU A12/2 with the modelling in program Unisim Design to confirm the performance of the project. The amount of heat loss in the heat exchange equipment and pipes was calculated, have developed a method for the accurate determination of the payload tube furnaces

Toward an efficient biorefining of microalgae and biomass alike. A unit operating view on how to mimick the optimisation history of the crude oil refining industry

One major hindrance to biomass deployment, and one which only benefitted from an unbalanced development, is refining into the different fractions which have a market value. Indeed, most products obtained from oil refining owe to the level of sophistication and optimisation reached by energy-integrated fractioning (mostly, distillation) networks. The separation stage of microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass could be addressed by using a converging approach employing a multipurpose solvent which may be adapted by one single and simple operation to different extractions. Such a single-solvent separation approach would lend itself to scaleup to a solvent-integrated fractionation network that might help mimicking the success story of the oil refining industry

Treatment of Vegetable Oil Refining Wastes

The common vegetable oils are soybean, sesame, sunflower, corn, canola, and cotton seeds. Their yields, compositions and physical and chemical properties determine their usefulness in various applications aside edible uses. Crude oils obtained by pressing of such vegetable seeds are not usually considered to be edible before the removal of various nonglyceride compounds through operations known as refining. The refining processes remove undesirable materials such as phospholipids, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, colour and pigments, oxidised materials, etc., but, may also remove valuable minor components such as antioxidants and vitamins (carotenes and tocopherols). The major steps involved in chemical refining include degumming, neutralizing, bleaching, and deodorizing which are the main sources of the effluent. The chapter covers refining steps, its environmental impacts, waste characterization, source reduction, recovery and treatment technologies

Pacific Basin Heavy Oil Refining Capacity

The United States today is Canada’s largest customer for oil and refined oil products. However, this relationship may be strained due to physical, economic and political influences. Pipeline capacity is approaching its limits; Canadian oil is selling at substantive discounts to world market prices; and U.S. demand for crude oil and finished products (such as gasoline), has begun to flatten significantly relative to historical rates. Lower demand, combined with increased shale oil production, means U.S. demand for Canadian oil is expected to continue to decline. Under these circumstances, gaining access to new markets such as those in the Asia-Pacific region is becoming more and more important for the Canadian economy. However, expanding pipeline capacity to the Pacific via the proposed Northern Gateway pipeline and the planned Trans Mountain pipeline expansion is only feasible when there is sufficient demand and processing capacity to support Canadian crude blends. Canadian heavy oil requires more refining and produces less valuable end products than other lighter and sweeter blends. Canadian producers must compete with lighter, sweeter oils from the Middle East, and elsewhere, for a place in the Pacific Basin refineries built to handle heavy crude blends. Canadian oil sands producers are currently expanding production capacity. Once complete, the Northern Gateway pipeline and the Trans Mountain expansion are expected to deliver an additional 500,000 to 1.1 million barrels a day to tankers on the Pacific coast. Through this survey of the capacity of Pacific Basin refineries, including existing and proposed facilities, we have concluded that there is sufficient technical capacity in the Pacific Basin to refine the additional Canadian volume; however, there may be some modifications required to certain refineries to allow them to process Western Canadian crude. Any additional capacity for Canadian oil would require refinery modifications or additional refineries, both of which are not expected, given the volume of lighter and more valuable crude from the Middle East finding its way to Pacific Basin markets. Consequently, any new refinery capacity is not likely to be dedicated to Canadian crude shipments. This places increasing importance on the need to enter into long-term contracts to supply Pacific Basin refineries, backed up by evidence of adequate transportation capacity. Canadians will have to show first, and quickly, that we are committed to building pipelines that will bring sufficient volumes of oil to the Pacific coast necessary to give the refiners the certainty they need to invest in infrastructure for refining Canadian oil. Access to this crucial market will depend critically on the outcome of the pipeline approval process, and also the cost to ship from Canada. If Canada does not approve of the Pacific coast pipeline expansions, or takes too long in doing so, it could find its crude unable to effectively penetrate the world’s most promising oil export market

A Modified Oil Refining Loss Method

In certain research studies involving the determination of the refining loss of vegetable oils, such as soybean, the 500-gram samples required by the official method may not be available. The chromatographic method, while giving consistent results on a given sample, does not give results which check the official method. A modification of the official cup method was developed using a cup of special design with a 50-gram sample. Good checks with the official method were obtained. It was found that variations in evaporation losses were more important than mixing speeds in affecting results